Comparison of well-to-wheels energy use and emissions of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle relative to a conventional gasoline-powered internal combustion engine vehicle
Abstract
The operation of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) is more efficient than that of gasoline conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), and produces zero tailpipe pollutant emissions. However, the production, transportation, and refueling of hydrogen are more energy- and emissions-intensive compared to gasoline. In this research, a well-to-wheels (WTW) energy use and emissions analysis was conducted to compare a HFCEV (Toyota Mirai) with a gasoline conventional ICEV (Mazda 3). Two sets of specific fuel consumption data were used for each vehicle: (1) fuel consumption derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) window-sticker fuel economy figure, and (2) weight-averaged fuel consumption based on physical vehicle testing with a chassis dynamometer on EPA's five standard driving cycles. The WTW results show that a HFCEV, even fueled by hydrogen from a fossil-based production pathway (via steam methane reforming of natural gas), uses 5%–33% less WTW fossil energy and has 15%–45% lower WTW greenhouse gas emissions compared to a gasoline conventional ICEV. The WTW results are sensitive to the source of electricity used for hydrogen compression or liquefaction.
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Energy Systems Division
- U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Fuel Cell Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1580696
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1703601
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 45; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; Toyota Mirai; emissions; energy use; hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle; life cycle analysis; well-to-wheels
Citation Formats
Liu, Xinyu, Reddi, Krishna, Elgowainy, Amgad, Lohse-Busch, Henning, Wang, Michael, and Rustagi, Neha. Comparison of well-to-wheels energy use and emissions of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle relative to a conventional gasoline-powered internal combustion engine vehicle. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.192.
Liu, Xinyu, Reddi, Krishna, Elgowainy, Amgad, Lohse-Busch, Henning, Wang, Michael, & Rustagi, Neha. Comparison of well-to-wheels energy use and emissions of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle relative to a conventional gasoline-powered internal combustion engine vehicle. United States. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.192.
Liu, Xinyu, Reddi, Krishna, Elgowainy, Amgad, Lohse-Busch, Henning, Wang, Michael, and Rustagi, Neha. Tue .
"Comparison of well-to-wheels energy use and emissions of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle relative to a conventional gasoline-powered internal combustion engine vehicle". United States. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.192. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1580696.
@article{osti_1580696,
title = {Comparison of well-to-wheels energy use and emissions of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle relative to a conventional gasoline-powered internal combustion engine vehicle},
author = {Liu, Xinyu and Reddi, Krishna and Elgowainy, Amgad and Lohse-Busch, Henning and Wang, Michael and Rustagi, Neha},
abstractNote = {The operation of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) is more efficient than that of gasoline conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), and produces zero tailpipe pollutant emissions. However, the production, transportation, and refueling of hydrogen are more energy- and emissions-intensive compared to gasoline. In this research, a well-to-wheels (WTW) energy use and emissions analysis was conducted to compare a HFCEV (Toyota Mirai) with a gasoline conventional ICEV (Mazda 3). Two sets of specific fuel consumption data were used for each vehicle: (1) fuel consumption derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) window-sticker fuel economy figure, and (2) weight-averaged fuel consumption based on physical vehicle testing with a chassis dynamometer on EPA's five standard driving cycles. The WTW results show that a HFCEV, even fueled by hydrogen from a fossil-based production pathway (via steam methane reforming of natural gas), uses 5%–33% less WTW fossil energy and has 15%–45% lower WTW greenhouse gas emissions compared to a gasoline conventional ICEV. The WTW results are sensitive to the source of electricity used for hydrogen compression or liquefaction.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.192},
journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
number = 1,
volume = 45,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {11}
}
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