Design of low bandgap tin–lead halide perovskite solar cells to achieve thermal, atmospheric and operational stability
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Swift Solar, Golden, CO (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Low bandgap tin-lead iodide perovskites are key components of all-perovskite tandem solar cells, but can be unstable because tin is prone to oxidation. Here, to avoid a reaction with the most popular hole contact, we eliminated polyethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate as a hole transport layer and instead used an upward band offset at an indium tin oxide-perovskite heterojunction to extract holes. To suppress oxidative degradation, we improved the morphology to create a compact and large-grained film. The tin content was kept at or below 50% and the device capped with a sputtered indium zinc oxide electrode. These advances resulted in a substantially improved thermal and environmental stability in a low bandgap perovskite solar cell without compromising the efficiency. The solar cells retained 95% of their initial efficiency after 1,000 h at 85 degrees C in air in the dark with no encapsulation and in a damp heat test (85 degrees C with 85% relative humidity) with encapsulation. Finally, the full initial efficiency was maintained under operation near the maximum power point and near 1 sun illumination for over 1,000 h.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308; N00014-17-1-2212; EE0008551; ECCS-1542152
- OSTI ID:
- 1578261
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1682249; OSTI ID: 1682252; OSTI ID: 1834021; OSTI ID: 1894512
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5900-75597
- Journal Information:
- Nature Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 11; ISSN 2058-7546
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Web of Science
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