Extreme digitization for ground-based cosmic microwave background experiments

Balkenhol, L.; Reichardt, C. L.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1497

Title: Extreme digitization for ground-based cosmic microwave background experiments

Journal Article · 04 June 2019 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1497 · OSTI ID:1577631

Balkenhol, L. ^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)

The large size of the time-ordered data of cosmic microwave background experiments presents challenges for mission planning and data analysis. These issues are particularly significant for Antarctica- and space-based experiments, which depend on satellite links to transmit data. We explore the viability of reducing the time-ordered data to a few bit numbers to address these challenges. Unlike lossless compression, few bit digitization introduces additional noise into the data. We present a set of one, two, and three bit digitization schemes and measure the increase in noise in the cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization power spectra. The digitization noise is independent of angular scale and is well described as a constant percentage of the original detector noise. Three bit digitization increases the map noise level by <2 percent, while reducing the data volume by a factor of 10 relative to 32-bit floats. Extreme digitization is a promising strategy for upcoming experiments.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI ID:: 1577631

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 487; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (40)

Neutrino physics from the cosmic microwave background and large scale structure Abazajian, K. N.; Arnold, K.; Austermann, J. Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.05.014	journal	March 2015
South Pole submillimeter sky opacity and correlations with radiosonde observations Chamberlin, Richard A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 106, Issue D17 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900208	journal	September 2001
Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy Robitaille, Thomas P.; Tollerud, Erik J.; Greenfield, Perry Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 558 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322068	journal	September 2013
Planck 2015 results : XIII. Cosmological parameters Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525830	journal	September 2016
Planck 2015 results : X. Diffuse component separation: Foreground maps Adam, R.; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525967	journal	September 2016
Planck 2015 results : XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526681	journal	September 2016
Planck 2015 results : XXVI. The Second Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Argüeso, F. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526914	journal	September 2016
Planck 2015 results : XXIII. The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect-cosmic infrared background correlation Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527418	journal	September 2016
The temporal power spectrum of atmospheric fluctuations due to water vapor Lay, O. P. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Vol. 122, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1997154	journal	May 1997
Measurement of the Flux Density of CAS a at 4080 Mc/s. Penzias, A. A.; Wilson, R. W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 142 https://doi.org/10.1086/148384	journal	October 1965
Structure in the COBE differential microwave radiometer first-year maps Smoot, G. F.; Bennett, C. L.; Kogut, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 396 https://doi.org/10.1086/186504	journal	September 1992
How to Make Maps from Cosmic Microwave Background Data without Losing Information Tegmark, Max The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 480, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/310631	journal	May 1997
The Effects of Digitization on Nonstationary Stochastic Signals with Applications to Pulsar Signal Baseband Recording Jenet, F. A.; Anderson, S. B. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 110, Issue 754 https://doi.org/10.1086/316273	journal	December 1998
The Impact of Atmospheric Fluctuations on Degree‐Scale Imaging of the Cosmic Microwave Background Lay, Oliver P.; Halverson, Nils W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 543, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/317115	journal	November 2000
Fast Cosmic Microwave Background Analyses via Correlation Functions Szapudi, István; Prunet, Simon; Pogosyan, Dmitry The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 548, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/319105	journal	February 2001
HEALPix: A Framework for High‐Resolution Discretization and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere Gorski, K. M.; Hivon, E.; Banday, A. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 622, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/427976	journal	April 2005
THE FIRST PUBLIC RELEASE OF SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE DATA: MAPS OF A 95 deg ² FIELD FROM 2008 OBSERVATIONS Schaffer, K. K.; Crawford, T. M.; Aird, K. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 743, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/90	journal	November 2011
Data analysis methods for the cosmic microwave background Tristram, M.; Ganga, K. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 70, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/70/6/R02	journal	May 2007
NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: FINAL MAPS AND RESULTS Bennett, C. L.; Larson, D.; Weiland, J. L. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 208, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20	journal	September 2013
The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE): a nulling polarimeter for cosmic microwave background observations Kogut, A.; Fixsen, D. J.; Chuss, D. T. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 07 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/07/025	journal	July 2011
Optimization study for the experimental configuration of CMB-S4 Barron, Darcy; Chinone, Yuji; Kusaka, Akito Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/02/009	journal	February 2018
Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: Survey requirements and mission design Delabrouille, J.; de Bernardis, P.; Bouchet, F. R. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/04/014	journal	April 2018
Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: Cosmological parameters Valentino, E. Di; Brinckmann, T.; Gerbino, M. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/04/017	journal	April 2018
Detection of B -Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope Hanson, D.; Hoover, S.; Crites, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301	journal	September 2013
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment Hunter, John D. Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55	journal	January 2007
Quantizing for minimum distortion Max, J. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1960.1057548	journal	March 1960
Cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization pseudo- C _ℓ estimators and covariances Brown, M. L.; Castro, P. G.; Taylor, A. N. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 360, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09111.x	journal	July 2005
Measurements of the Temperature and E-mode Polarization of the CMB from 500 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data Henning, J. W.; Sayre, J. T.; Reichardt, C. L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9ff4	journal	January 2018
THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: THE POLARIZATION-SENSITIVE ACTPol INSTRUMENT Thornton, R. J.; Ade, P. A. R.; Aiola, S. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 227, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/227/2/21	journal	December 2016
Maps of the Southern Millimeter-wave Sky from Combined 2500 deg ² SPT-SZ and Planck Temperature Data Chown, R.; Omori, Y.; Aylor, K. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae694	journal	November 2018
Data analysis methods for the cosmic microwave background Tristram, Matthieu; Ganga, Ken arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0708.1429	text	January 2007
The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE): A Nulling Polarimeter for Cosmic Microwave Background Observations Kogut, A.; Fixsen, D. J.; Chuss, D. T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1105.2044	text	January 2011
Detection of B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope Hanson, D.; Hoover, S.; Crites, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1307.5830	text	January 2013
Neutrino Physics from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure Abazajian, K. N.; Arnold, K.; Austermann, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1309.5383	text	January 2013
Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters Collaboration, Planck; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.01589	text	January 2015
Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Cosmological Parameters Di Valentino, Eleonora; Brinckmann, Thejs; Gerbino, Martina arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.00021	text	January 2016
Optimization Study for the Experimental Configuration of CMB-S4 Barron, Darcy; Chinone, Yuji; Kusaka, Akito arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.07467	text	January 2017
Measurements of the Temperature and E-Mode Polarization of the CMB from 500 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data Henning, J. W.; Sayre, J. T.; Reichardt, C. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.09353	text	January 2017
HEALPix -- a Framework for High Resolution Discretization, and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere Gorski, K. M.; Hivon, E.; Banday, A. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0409513	text	January 2004
The Impact of Atmospheric Fluctuations on Degree-scale Imaging of the Cosmic Microwave Background Lay, Oliver P.; Halverson, Nils W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9905369	text	January 1999

Similar Records

Cosmic microwave background: Past, future, and present

Conference · 1999 · Int.J.Mod.Phys.A · OSTI ID:753490

Dodelson, Scott

Complex visibilities of cosmic microwave background anisotropies

Journal Article · 2001 · Physical Review D · OSTI ID:40203095

Ng, Kin-Wang

Making maps of the cosmic microwave background: The MAXIMAexample

Journal Article · 2001 · Physical Review D · OSTI ID:893517

Stompor, R; Balbi, A; Borrill, J D; +10 more

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
cosmic background radiation
polarization
techniques: miscellaneous

Title: Extreme digitization for ground-based cosmic microwave background experiments

Citation Formats

References (40)

Similar Records

Related Subjects