Topology on a new facet of bismuth

Hsu, Chuang-Han; Zhou, Xiaoting; Chang, Tay-Rong; Ma, Qiong; Gedik, Nuh; Bansil, Arun; Xu, Su-Yang; Lin, Hsin; Fu, Liang

doi:10.1073/pnas.1900527116

Title: Topology on a new facet of bismuth

Journal Article · 13 June 2019 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900527116 · OSTI ID:1577614

^[1]; Zhou, Xiaoting ^[2]; Chang, Tay-Rong ^[3]; Ma, Qiong ^[4]; Gedik, Nuh ^[4]; Bansil, Arun ^[5]; Xu, Su-Yang ^[4];

^[6]; Fu, Liang ^[4]

National Univ. of Singapore (Singapore)
National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan)
National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan); Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), Tainan (Taiwan)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States)
Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan)

Bismuth-based materials have been instrumental in the development of topological physics, even though bulk bismuth itself has been long thought to be topologically trivial. A recent study has, however, shown that bismuth is in fact a higher-order topological insulator featuring one-dimensional (1D) topological hinge states protected by threefold rotational and inversion symmetries. In this paper, we uncover another hidden facet of the band topology of bismuth by showing that bismuth is also a first-order topological crystalline insulator protected by a twofold rotational symmetry. As a result, its (11¯0) surface exhibits a pair of gapless Dirac surface states. Remarkably, these surface Dirac cones are “unpinned” in the sense that they are not restricted to locate at specific k points in the (11¯0) surface Brillouin zone. These unpinned 2D Dirac surface states could be probed directly via various spectroscopic techniques. Our analysis also reveals the presence of a distinct, previously uncharacterized set of 1D topological hinge states protected by the twofold rotational symmetry. Our study thus provides a comprehensive understanding of the topological band structure of bismuth.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; FG02-07ER46352; SC0018945

OSTI ID:: 1577614

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Issue: 27 Vol. 116; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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