Decomposition of plasma kinetic entropy into position and velocity space and the use of kinetic entropy in particle-in-cell simulations

Liang, Haoming; Cassak, Paul A.; Servidio, Sergio; Shay, Michael A.; Drake, James F.; Swisdak, Marc; Argall, Matt R.; Dorelli, John C.; Scime, Earl E.; Matthaeus, William H.; Roytershteyn, Vadim; Delzanno, Gian Luca

doi:10.1063/1.5098888

Title: Decomposition of plasma kinetic entropy into position and velocity space and the use of kinetic entropy in particle-in-cell simulations

Journal Article · 22 August 2019 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5098888 · OSTI ID:1577595

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^[4]; Argall, Matt R. ^[5]; Dorelli, John C. ^[6];

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^[7]; Delzanno, Gian Luca ^[8]

West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States)
Univ. of Calabria (Italy)
Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Space Science Inst., Boulder, CO (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

In this work, we describe a systematic development of kinetic entropy as a diagnostic in fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and use it to interpret plasma physics processes in heliospheric, planetary, and astrophysical systems. In the beginning, we calculate kinetic entropy in two forms—the “combinatorial” form related to the logarithm of the number of microstates per macrostate and the “continuous” form related to flnf, where f is the particle distribution function. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each and discuss subtleties about implementing them in PIC codes. Using collisionless PIC simulations that are two-dimensional in position space and three-dimensional in velocity space, we verify the implementation of the kinetic entropy diagnostics and discuss how to optimize numerical parameters to ensure accurate results. We show the total kinetic entropy is conserved to three percent in an optimized simulation of antiparallel magnetic reconnection. Kinetic entropy can be decomposed into a sum of a position space entropy and a velocity space entropy, and we use this to investigate the nature of kinetic entropy transport during collisionless reconnection. We find the velocity space entropy of both electrons and ions increases in time due to plasma heating during magnetic reconnection, as the position space entropy decreases due to plasma compression. This project uses collisionless simulations, so it cannot address physical dissipation mechanisms; nonetheless, the infrastructure developed here should be useful for studies of collisional or weakly collisional heliospheric, planetary, and astrophysical systems. Beyond reconnection, the diagnostic is expected to be applicable to plasma turbulence and collisionless shocks.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE; Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0019315

OSTI ID:: 1577595

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 26; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Proton–Proton Collisions in the Turbulent Solar Wind: Hybrid Boltzmann–Maxwell Simulations Pezzi, O.; Perrone, D.; Servidio, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5285	journal	December 2019
Proton-proton collisions in the turbulent solar wind: Hybrid Boltzmann-Maxwell simulations Pezzi, O.; Perrone, D.; Servidio, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.03398	text	January 2019

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