Decomposition of plasma kinetic entropy into position and velocity space and the use of kinetic entropy in particle-in-cell simulations

Liang, Haoming; Cassak, Paul A.; Servidio, Sergio; Shay, Michael A.; Drake, James F.; Swisdak, Marc; Argall, Matt R.; Dorelli, John C.; Scime, Earl E.; Matthaeus, William H.; Roytershteyn, Vadim; Delzanno, Gian Luca

doi:10.1063/1.5098888

Title: Decomposition of plasma kinetic entropy into position and velocity space and the use of kinetic entropy in particle-in-cell simulations

Journal Article · 23 August 2019 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5098888 · OSTI ID:1577595

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[4]; Argall, Matt R. ^[5]; Dorelli, John C. ^[6];

^[1];

^[3];

^[7]; Delzanno, Gian Luca ^[8]

West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States)
Univ. of Calabria (Italy)
Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Space Science Inst., Boulder, CO (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

In this work, we describe a systematic development of kinetic entropy as a diagnostic in fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and use it to interpret plasma physics processes in heliospheric, planetary, and astrophysical systems. In the beginning, we calculate kinetic entropy in two forms—the “combinatorial” form related to the logarithm of the number of microstates per macrostate and the “continuous” form related to flnf, where f is the particle distribution function. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each and discuss subtleties about implementing them in PIC codes. Using collisionless PIC simulations that are two-dimensional in position space and three-dimensional in velocity space, we verify the implementation of the kinetic entropy diagnostics and discuss how to optimize numerical parameters to ensure accurate results. We show the total kinetic entropy is conserved to three percent in an optimized simulation of antiparallel magnetic reconnection. Kinetic entropy can be decomposed into a sum of a position space entropy and a velocity space entropy, and we use this to investigate the nature of kinetic entropy transport during collisionless reconnection. We find the velocity space entropy of both electrons and ions increases in time due to plasma heating during magnetic reconnection, as the position space entropy decreases due to plasma compression. This project uses collisionless simulations, so it cannot address physical dissipation mechanisms; nonetheless, the infrastructure developed here should be useful for studies of collisional or weakly collisional heliospheric, planetary, and astrophysical systems. Beyond reconnection, the diagnostic is expected to be applicable to plasma turbulence and collisionless shocks.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States); Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0019315

OSTI ID:: 1577595

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 8; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 18 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (116)

Dual Phase-space Cascades in 3D Hybrid-Vlasov–Maxwell Turbulence Cerri, S. S.; Kunz, M. W.; Califano, F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab557	journal	March 2018
A Mathematical Theory of Communication Shannon, C. E. Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x	journal	July 1948
Kinetic dissipation and anisotropic heating in a turbulent collisionless plasma Parashar, T. N.; Shay, M. A.; Cassak, P. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3094062	journal	March 2009
Kinetic Dissipation Around a Dipolarization Front Sitnov, M. I.; Merkin, V. G.; Roytershteyn, V. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077874	journal	May 2018
Estimating local plasma sheet PV ^5/3 from single-spacecraft measurements Wolf, R. A.; Kumar, V.; Toffoletto, F. R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA012010	journal	January 2006
Three‐dimensional fluid simulations of the nonlinear drift‐resistive ballooning modes in tokamak edge plasmas Guzdar, P. N.; Drake, J. F.; McCarthy, D. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860842	journal	October 1993
Energy transfer channels and turbulence cascade in Vlasov-Maxwell turbulence Yang, Yan; Matthaeus, W. H.; Parashar, T. N. Physical Review E, Vol. 95, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.95.061201	journal	June 2017
Laboratory space physics: Investigating the physics of space plasmas in the laboratory Howes, Gregory G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5025421	journal	May 2018
Magnetospheric Multiscale Observation of Plasma Velocity-Space Cascade: Hermite Representation and Theory Servidio, S.; Chasapis, A.; Matthaeus, W. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.205101	journal	November 2017
A kinetic model of plasma turbulence Servidio, S.; Valentini, F.; Perrone, D. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377814000841	journal	October 2014
The Diffusion Region in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Hesse, Michael; Neukirch, Thomas; Schindler, Karl Space Science Reviews, Vol. 160, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-010-9740-1	journal	February 2011
Three-dimensional particle simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection Zeiler, A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA000287	journal	January 2002
Diagnosing collisionless energy transfer using field–particle correlations: gyrokinetic turbulence Klein, Kristopher G.; Howes, Gregory G.; TenBarge, Jason M. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377817000563	journal	July 2017
Investigating dynamical complexity in the magnetosphere using various entropy measures: COMPLEXITY IN MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS Balasis, Georgios; Daglis, Ioannis A.; Papadimitriou, Constantinos Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA014035	journal	June 2009
Electron Heating in Low Mach Number Perpendicular Shocks. II. Dependence on the Pre-shock Conditions Guo, Xinyi; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab6ad	journal	May 2018
Possible generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics Tsallis, Constantino Journal of Statistical Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01016429	journal	July 1988
Introduction to Space Physics Kivelson, Margaret G.; Russell, Christopher T. Cambridge University Press https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139878296	book	April 1995
Electron and Proton Acceleration in Trans-relativistic Magnetic Reconnection: Dependence on Plasma Beta and Magnetization Ball, David; Sironi, Lorenzo; Özel, Feryal The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac820	journal	July 2018
A Review of Astrophysical Jets Beall, James H. Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.14311/APP.2014.01.0259	journal	December 2014
On the (Boltzmann) entropy of non-equilibrium systems Goldstein, S.; Lebowitz, Joel L. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Vol. 193, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2004.01.008	journal	June 2004
Phase diagram for magnetic reconnection in heliophysical, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas Ji, Hantao; Daughton, William Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3647505	journal	November 2011
Boltzmann H function and entropy in the plasma sheet : ENTROPY IN THE PLASMA SHEET Kaufmann, Richard L.; Paterson, William R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA014030	journal	May 2009
Intermittency, coherent structures and dissipation in plasma turbulence Wan, M.; Matthaeus, W. H.; Roytershteyn, V. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4945631	journal	April 2016
Electron-scale measurements of magnetic reconnection in space Burch, J. L.; Torbert, R. B.; Phan, T. D. Science, Vol. 352, Issue 6290 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf2939	journal	May 2016
Onset of reconnection in the near magnetotail: PIC simulations Liu, Yi‐Hsin; Birn, Joachim; Daughton, William Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020492	journal	December 2014
Relativistic Reconnection: an Efficient Source of Non-Thermal Particles Sironi, Lorenzo; Spitkovsky, Anatoly The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 783, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/783/1/L21	journal	February 2014
Collisionless Damping of Nonlinear Plasma Oscillations O'Neil, Thomas Physics of Fluids, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1761193	journal	January 1965
Forced magnetic reconnection Birn, J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022058	journal	January 2005
Entropy is in Flux V3.4 Kadanoff, Leo P. Journal of Statistical Physics, Vol. 167, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-017-1766-2	journal	April 2017
Entropy Generation across Earth’s Collisionless Bow Shock Parks, G. K.; Lee, E.; McCarthy, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.061102	journal	February 2012
Astrophysical Gyrokinetics: Basic Equations and Linear Theory Howes, Gregory G.; Cowley, Steven C.; Dorland, William The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 651, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/506172	journal	November 2006
Ion and electron heating during magnetic reconnection in weakly collisional plasmas Numata, Ryusuke; Loureiro, N. F. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1017/S002237781400107X	journal	November 2014
Nonadiabatic heating in magnetic reconnection Ma, Xuanye; Otto, Antonius Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019856	journal	July 2014
Fast Collisionless Reconnection and Electron Heating in Strongly Magnetized Plasmas Loureiro, N. F.; Schekochihin, A. A.; Zocco, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.025002	journal	July 2013
Fundamental issues on kappa-distributions in space plasmas and interplanetary proton distributions Leubner, M. P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1667501	journal	April 2004
The transport of plasma sheet material from the distant tail to geosynchronous orbit Borovsky, Joseph E.; Thomsen, Michelle F.; Elphic, Richard C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 103, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA03144	journal	September 1998
The role of dissipation in the theory and simulations of homogeneous plasma turbulence, and resolution of the entropy paradox Krommes, John A.; Hu, Genze Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 1, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.870475	journal	October 1994
Nonlinear entropy transfer via zonal flows in gyrokinetic plasma turbulence Nakata, M.; Watanabe, T. -H.; Sugama, H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3675855	journal	February 2012
Energy transfer, pressure tensor, and heating of kinetic plasma Yang, Yan; Matthaeus, William H.; Parashar, Tulasi N. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4990421	journal	July 2017
Inside the Black Box: Magnetic Reconnection and the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Cassak, P. A. Space Weather, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015SW001313	journal	March 2016
Current Sheets and Collisionless Damping in Kinetic Plasma Turbulence TenBarge, J. M.; Howes, G. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 771, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/771/2/L27	journal	June 2013
Supernova Remnants at High Energy Reynolds, Stephen P. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145237	journal	September 2008
Multiscale Nature of the Dissipation Range in Gyrokinetic Simulations of Alfvénic Turbulence Told, D.; Jenko, F.; TenBarge, J. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.025003	journal	July 2015
Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go Sironi, Lorenzo; Giannios, Dimitrios; Petropoulou, Maria Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1620	journal	July 2016
Electron Bulk Acceleration and Thermalization at Earth’s Quasiperpendicular Bow Shock Chen, L. -J.; Wang, S.; Wilson, L. B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.225101	journal	May 2018
On Landau damping Mouhot, Clément; Villani, Cédric Acta Mathematica, Vol. 207, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11511-011-0068-9	journal	January 2011
Theory of Interstellar Shocks Draine, Bruce T.; McKee, Christopher F. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.31.090193.002105	journal	September 1993
Population Mixing in Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection with a Guide Field Hesse, M.; Chen, L. J.; Liu, Y. -H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.145101	journal	April 2017
Energy Dissipation and Landau Damping in two- and Three-Dimensional Plasma Turbulence Li, Tak Chu; Howes, Gregory G.; Klein, Kristopher G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 832, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/832/2/L24	journal	November 2016
Nonequilibrium Entropy in a Shock Margolin, L. G. Entropy, Vol. 19, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/e19070368	journal	July 2017
Formation of secondary islands during magnetic reconnection Drake, J. F.; Swisdak, M.; Schoeffler, K. M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025957	journal	January 2006
Evidence for electron Landau damping in space plasma turbulence Chen, C. H. K.; Klein, K. G.; Howes, G. G. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08435-3	journal	February 2019
On Solving the Coronal Heating Problem Klimchuk, James A. Solar Physics, Vol. 234, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-006-0055-z	journal	March 2006
Slowing of Magnetic Reconnection Concurrent with Weakening Plasma Inflows and Increasing Collisionality in Strongly Driven Laser-Plasma Experiments Rosenberg, M. J.; Li, C. K.; Fox, W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.205004	journal	May 2015
On the velocity space discretization for the Vlasov–Poisson system: Comparison between implicit Hermite spectral and Particle-in-Cell methods Camporeale, E.; Delzanno, G. L.; Bergen, B. K. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 198 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.09.002	journal	January 2016
Reconnection in a Striped Pulsar Wind Lyubarsky, Y.; Kirk, J. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 547, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/318354	journal	January 2001
Identifying the electron diffusion region in a realistic simulation of Earth's magnetotail: Identifying the EDR Ashour-Abdalla, Maha; Lapenta, Giovanni; Walker, Raymond Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069355	journal	June 2016
Fluid moment models for Landau damping with application to the ion-temperature-gradient instability Hammett, Gregory W.; Perkins, Francis W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 64, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.3019	journal	June 1990
The magnetic nature of solar flares Priest, E. R.; Forbes, T. G. The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001590100013	journal	July 2001
Entropy conservation in simulations of magnetic reconnection Birn, J.; Hesse, M.; Schindler, K. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2349440	journal	September 2006
Quantifying gyrotropy in magnetic reconnection Swisdak, M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066980	journal	January 2016
Fully Kinetic versus Reduced-kinetic Modeling of Collisionless Plasma Turbulence Grošelj, Daniel; Cerri, Silvio S.; Navarro, Alejandro Bañón The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 847, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa894d	journal	September 2017
Magnetospheric Multiscale Overview and Science Objectives Burch, J. L.; Moore, T. E.; Torbert, R. B. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 199, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0164-9	journal	May 2015
Two-Scale Structure of the Electron Dissipation Region during Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Shay, M. A.; Drake, J. F.; Swisdak, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.155002	journal	October 2007
Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation Birdsall, C. K.; Langdon, A. B. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315275048	book	January 1991
Role of entropy in magnetotail dynamics: ENTROPY IN TAIL DYNAMICS Birn, J.; Hesse, M.; Schindler, K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA014015	journal	April 2009
Electron Heating in Low-Mach-number Perpendicular Shocks. I. Heating Mechanism Guo, Xinyi; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 851, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9b82	journal	December 2017
Entropy distribution in the plasma sheet: ENTROPY DISTRIBUTION IN THE PLASMA SHEET Kaufmann, Richard L.; Paterson, William R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015667	journal	August 2011
Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) Magnetic Reconnection Challenge Birn, J.; Drake, J. F.; Shay, M. A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900449	journal	March 2001
New Measure of the Dissipation Region in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Zenitani, Seiji; Hesse, Michael; Klimas, Alex Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.195003	journal	May 2011
A simple, analytical model of collisionless magnetic reconnection in a pair plasma Hesse, Michael; Zenitani, Seiji; Kuznetsova, Masha Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3246005	journal	October 2009
The Evolution and Structure of Pulsar Wind Nebulae Gaensler, Bryan M.; Slane, Patrick O. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092528	journal	September 2006
Undamped electrostatic plasma waves Valentini, F.; Perrone, D.; Califano, F. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4751440	journal	September 2012
Is steady convection possible in the Earth's magnetotail? Erickson, G. M.; Wolf, R. A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i011p00897	journal	November 1980
Nonlinear Phase Mixing and Phase-Space Cascade of Entropy in Gyrokinetic Plasma Turbulence Tatsuno, T.; Dorland, W.; Schekochihin, A. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.015003	journal	June 2009
Electron and Proton Heating in Transrelativistic Magnetic Reconnection Rowan, Michael E.; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9380	journal	November 2017
Relativistic entropy and related Boltzmann kinetics Kaniadakis, G. The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2009-10793-6	journal	May 2009
Spectral Approach to Plasma Kinetic Simulations Based on Hermite Decomposition in the Velocity Space Roytershteyn, Vadim; Delzanno, Gian Luca Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2018.00027	journal	August 2018
Evidence of critical balance in kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence simulations TenBarge, J. M.; Howes, G. G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3693974	journal	May 2012
Astrophysical Gyrokinetics: Kinetic and Fluid Turbulent Cascades in Magnetized Weakly Collisional Plasmas Schekochihin, A. A.; Cowley, S. C.; Dorland, W. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 182, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/182/1/310	journal	May 2009
Permutation Entropy Analysis of Magnetic Field Turbulence at 1AU Revisited Olivier, C. P.; Engelbrecht, N. E.; Strauss, R. D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026102	journal	January 2019
Entropy production and collisionless fluid closure Sarazin, Y.; Dif-Pradalier, G.; Zarzoso, D. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/51/11/115003	journal	October 2009
Kinetic Structure of the Electron Diffusion Region in Antiparallel Magnetic Reconnection Ng, J.; Egedal, J.; Le, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.065002	journal	February 2011
What do we really know about collisionless shocks? Krall, N. A. Advances in Space Research, Vol. 20, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00461-4	journal	January 1997
Kinetic simulation of steady states of ion temperature gradient driven turbulence with weak collisionality Watanabe, T. -H.; Sugama, H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1669393	journal	April 2004
Magnetic flux and particle transport in the plasma sheet Kaufmann, Richard L.; Paterson, William R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011734	journal	January 2006
Forced magnetic reconnection Vekstein, G. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377817000782	journal	October 2017
Entropy is in flux V3.4 Kadanoff, Leo P. International Journal of Modern Physics B https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216300048	journal	February 2016
A Mathematical Theory of Communication Shannon, C. E. Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x	journal	October 1948
Introduction to space physics Lysak, R. L. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 76, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1029/95eo00313	journal	January 1995
A Review of Astrophysical Jets Beall, James H. Proceedings of XII Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources Workshop — PoS(MULTIF2017) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.306.0062	conference	May 2018
Introduction to Space Physics Robinson, Terry European Journal of Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/17/2/015	journal	March 1996
Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation Birdsall, C. K.; Langdon, A. B. https://doi.org/10.1887/0750301171	book	January 1991
Plasma physics via computer simulation Tajima, T. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(86)90240-7	journal	September 1986
Introduction to space physics Antonova, E. E. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 58, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(96)80448-x	journal	November 1996
A Review of Astrophysical Jets Beall, James H. Proceedings of XI Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources Workshop — PoS(MULTIF15) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.246.0058	conference	October 2016
Astrophysical gyrokinetics: kinetic and fluid turbulent cascades in magnetized weakly collisional plasmas Schekochihin, A. A.; Cowley, S. C.; Dorland, W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0704.0044	text	January 2007
Nonlinear phase mixing and phase-space cascade of entropy in gyrokinetic plasma turbulence Tatsuno, T.; Dorland, W.; Schekochihin, A. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0811.2538	text	January 2008
On Landau damping Mouhot, Clément; Villani, Cédric arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0904.2760	text	January 2009
New Measure of the Dissipation Region in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Zenitani, Seiji; Hesse, Michael; Klimas, Alex arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1104.3846	text	January 2011
Phase Diagram for Magnetic Reconnection in Heliophysical, Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas Ji, Hantao; Daughton, William arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1109.0756	text	January 2011
Current Sheets and Collisionless Damping in Kinetic Plasma Turbulence TenBarge, J. M.; Howes, G. G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.2958	text	January 2013
Energy Dissipation and Landau Damping in Two- and Three-Dimensional Plasma Turbulence Li, Tak Chu; Howes, Gregory G.; Klein, Kristopher G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.02842	text	January 2015
Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go Sironi, L.; Giannios, D.; Petropoulou, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1605.02071	text	January 2016
Diagnosing collisionless energy transfer using field-particle correlations: gyrokinetic turbulence Klein, Kristopher G.; Howes, Gregory G.; TenBarge, Jason M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.06385	text	January 2017
Magnetosperic Multiscale (MMS) observation of plasma velocity-space cascade: Hermite representation and theory Servidio, S.; Chasapis, A.; Matthaeus, W. H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.08180	text	January 2017
Electron and proton heating in trans-relativistic magnetic reconnection Rowan, Michael E.; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.04627	text	January 2017
Electron Heating in Low Mach Number Perpendicular shocks. I. Heating Mechanism Guo, Xinyi; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.07648	text	January 2017
Electron Heating in Low Mach Number Perpendicular shocks. II. Dependence on the Pre-Shock Conditions Guo, Xinyi; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.03239	text	January 2017
Laboratory Space Physics: Investigating the Physics of Space Plasmas in the Laboratory Howes, Gregory G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.04154	text	January 2018
Dual phase-space cascades in 3D hybrid-Vlasov-Maxwell turbulence Cerri, S. S.; Kunz, M. W.; Califano, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.06133	text	January 2018
Electron and Proton Acceleration in Trans-Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection: Dependence on Plasma Beta and Magnetization Ball, David; Sironi, Lorenzo; Özel, Feryal arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.05556	text	January 2018
Evidence for Electron Landau Damping in Space Plasma Turbulence Chen, C. H. K.; Klein, K. G.; Howes, G. G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.05785	text	January 2019
Reconnection in a striped pulsar wind Lyubarsky, Y.; Kirk, J. G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0009270	text	January 2000
Astrophysical Gyrokinetics: Basic Equations and Linear Theory Howes, Gregory G.; Cowley, Steven C.; Dorland, William arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0511812	text	January 2005
Erratum: “A simple, analytical model of collisionless magnetic reconnection in a pair plasma” [Phys. Plasmas 16, 102106 (2009)] Hesse, Michael; Zenitani, Seiji; Kuznetsova, Masha Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3450300	journal	July 2010

Cited By (2)

Proton–Proton Collisions in the Turbulent Solar Wind: Hybrid Boltzmann–Maxwell Simulations Pezzi, O.; Perrone, D.; Servidio, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5285	journal	December 2019
Proton-proton collisions in the turbulent solar wind: Hybrid Boltzmann-Maxwell simulations Pezzi, O.; Perrone, D.; Servidio, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.03398	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Using Kinetic Entropy to Understand Dissipation in Re-connection and Turbulence

Technical Report · 2023 · OSTI ID:1958262

Roytershteyn, Vadim

EMAPS: An Efficient Multiscale Approach to Plasma Systems with Non-MHD Scale Effects

Technical Report · 2016 · OSTI ID:1286088

Omelchenko, Yuri A.

Kinetic entropy-based measures of distribution function non-Maxwellianity: theory and simulations

Journal Article · 2020 · Journal of Plasma Physics · OSTI ID:1755869

Liang, Haoming; Barbhuiya, M. Hasan; Cassak, P. A.; +4 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Title: Decomposition of plasma kinetic entropy into position and velocity space and the use of kinetic entropy in particle-in-cell simulations

Citation Formats

References (116)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects