Homeostasis of branched-chain amino acids is critical for the activity of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved hub of nutrient sensing and metabolic signaling. In plants, a functional connection of TOR activation with glucose availability was demonstrated, while it is yet unclear whether branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a primary input of TOR signaling as they are in yeast and mammalian cells. Here, we report on the characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant over-accumulating BCAAs. Through chemical interventions targeting TOR and by examining mutants of BCAA biosynthesis and TOR signaling, we found that BCAA over-accumulation leads to up-regulation of TOR activity, which causes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and actin-associated endomembranes. Finally, we show that activation of TOR is concomitant with alteration of cell expansion, proliferation and specialized metabolism, leading to pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development. These results demonstrate that BCAAs contribute to plant TOR activation and reveal previously uncharted downstream subcellular processes of TOR signaling.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3];
[6];
[7]
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Food and Agriculture
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1577388
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1577389; OSTI ID: 1628912; OSTI ID: 1735518
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-91ER20021; SC0018409; MCB1727362; MICL02598; NPGI-1811055
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- eLife
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: eLife Journal Volume: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 2050-084X
- Publisher:
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Other Topics
Citation Formats
Cao, Pengfei, Kim, Sang-Jin, Xing, Anqi, Schenck, Craig A., Liu, Lu, Jiang, Nan, Wang, Jie, Last, Robert L., and Brandizzi, Federica. Homeostasis of branched-chain amino acids is critical for the activity of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.7554/eLife.50747.
Cao, Pengfei, Kim, Sang-Jin, Xing, Anqi, Schenck, Craig A., Liu, Lu, Jiang, Nan, Wang, Jie, Last, Robert L., & Brandizzi, Federica. Homeostasis of branched-chain amino acids is critical for the activity of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis. United States. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50747
Cao, Pengfei, Kim, Sang-Jin, Xing, Anqi, Schenck, Craig A., Liu, Lu, Jiang, Nan, Wang, Jie, Last, Robert L., and Brandizzi, Federica. Fri .
"Homeostasis of branched-chain amino acids is critical for the activity of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis". United States. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50747.
@article{osti_1577388,
title = {Homeostasis of branched-chain amino acids is critical for the activity of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis},
author = {Cao, Pengfei and Kim, Sang-Jin and Xing, Anqi and Schenck, Craig A. and Liu, Lu and Jiang, Nan and Wang, Jie and Last, Robert L. and Brandizzi, Federica},
abstractNote = {The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved hub of nutrient sensing and metabolic signaling. In plants, a functional connection of TOR activation with glucose availability was demonstrated, while it is yet unclear whether branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a primary input of TOR signaling as they are in yeast and mammalian cells. Here, we report on the characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant over-accumulating BCAAs. Through chemical interventions targeting TOR and by examining mutants of BCAA biosynthesis and TOR signaling, we found that BCAA over-accumulation leads to up-regulation of TOR activity, which causes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and actin-associated endomembranes. Finally, we show that activation of TOR is concomitant with alteration of cell expansion, proliferation and specialized metabolism, leading to pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development. These results demonstrate that BCAAs contribute to plant TOR activation and reveal previously uncharted downstream subcellular processes of TOR signaling.},
doi = {10.7554/eLife.50747},
journal = {eLife},
number = ,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Fri Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50747
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50747
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 49 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Homotypic Vacuole Fusion Requires VTI11 and Is Regulated by Phosphoinositides
journal, June 2014
- Zheng, Jiameng; Han, Sang Won; Rodriguez-Welsh, Maria Fernanda
- Molecular Plant, Vol. 7, Issue 6
AZD8055 Is a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable ATP-Competitive Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Kinase Inhibitor with In vitro and In vivo Antitumor Activity
journal, December 2009
- Chresta, C. M.; Davies, B. R.; Hickson, I.
- Cancer Research, Vol. 70, Issue 1
Tonoplast intrinsic proteins and vacuolar identity
journal, May 2010
- Gattolin, Stefano; Sorieul, Mathias; Frigerio, Lorenzo
- Biochemical Society Transactions, Vol. 38, Issue 3
Two Arabidopsis Genes ( IPMS1 and IPMS2 ) Encode Isopropylmalate Synthase, the Branchpoint Step in the Biosynthesis of Leucine
journal, December 2006
- de Kraker, Jan-Willem; Luck, Katrin; Textor, Susanne
- Plant Physiology, Vol. 143, Issue 2
Autophagy: The Master of Bulk and Selective Recycling
journal, April 2018
- Marshall, Richard S.; Vierstra, Richard D.
- Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 69, Issue 1
The Small Subunit 1 of the Arabidopsis Isopropylmalate Isomerase Is Required for Normal Growth and Development and the Early Stages of Glucosinolate Formation
journal, March 2014
- Imhof, Janet; Huber, Florian; Reichelt, Michael
- PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Plant vacuole morphology and vacuolar trafficking
journal, September 2014
- Zhang, Chunhua; Hicks, Glenn R.; Raikhel, Natasha V.
- Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 5
Termination of autophagy and reformation of lysosomes regulated by mTOR
journal, June 2010
- Yu, Li; McPhee, Christina K.; Zheng, Lixin
- Nature, Vol. 465, Issue 7300
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Related Kinase (PIKK) Inhibitors: Importance of the Morpholine Ring
journal, July 2014
- Andrs, Martin; Korabecny, Jan; Jun, Daniel
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 58, Issue 1
Role of AGC kinases in plant growth and stress responses
journal, July 2012
- Garcia, Ana Victoria; Al-Yousif, Mohamed; Hirt, Heribert
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Vol. 69, Issue 19
Regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR) alters the hormonal and metabolic composition of Arabidopsis seeds, controlling seed morphology, viability and germination potential
journal, September 2017
- Salem, Mohamed A.; Li, Yan; Wiszniewski, Andrew
- The Plant Journal, Vol. 92, Issue 4
Reciprocal Regulation of the TOR Kinase and ABA Receptor Balances Plant Growth and Stress Response
journal, January 2018
- Wang, Pengcheng; Zhao, Yang; Li, Zhongpeng
- Molecular Cell, Vol. 69, Issue 1
An Arabidopsis homolog of RAPTOR/KOG1 is essential for early embryo development
journal, January 2005
- Deprost, Dorothée; Truong, Hoai-Nam; Robaglia, Christophe
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 326, Issue 4
Glucosinolate and Amino Acid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
journal, May 2004
- Field, Ben; Cardon, Guillermo; Traka, Maria
- Plant Physiology, Vol. 135, Issue 2
A rapid and robust assay for detection of S-phase cell cycle progression in plant cells and tissues by using ethynyl deoxyuridine
journal, January 2010
- Kotogány, Edit; Dudits, Dénes; Horváth, Gábor V.
- Plant Methods, Vol. 6, Issue 1
The Arabidopsis TOR kinase links plant growth, yield, stress resistance and mRNA translation
journal, August 2007
- Deprost, Dorothée; Yao, Lei; Sormani, Rodnay
- EMBO reports, Vol. 8, Issue 9
Sulfur availability regulates plant growth via glucose-TOR signaling
journal, October 2017
- Dong, Yihan; Silbermann, Marleen; Speiser, Anna
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Rapamycin and Glucose-Target of Rapamycin (TOR) Protein Signaling in Plants
journal, December 2011
- Xiong, Yan; Sheen, Jen
- Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 287, Issue 4
TOR signaling in plants: conservation and innovation
journal, July 2018
- Shi, Lin; Wu, Yue; Sheen, Jen
- Development, Vol. 145, Issue 13
Identifying biological landmarks using a novel cell measuring image analysis tool: Cell-o-Tape
journal, January 2012
- French, Andrew P.; Wilson, Michael H.; Kenobi, Kim
- Plant Methods, Vol. 8, Issue 1
The Impact of the Branched-Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Complex on Amino Acid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis
journal, May 2015
- Peng, Cheng; Uygun, Sahra; Shiu, Shin-Han
- Plant Physiology
Myosin-dependent endoplasmic reticulum motility and F-actin organization in plant cells
journal, March 2010
- Ueda, H.; Yokota, E.; Kutsuna, N.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 15
ROP GTPases Structure-Function and Signaling Pathways
journal, November 2017
- Feiguelman, Gil; Fu, Ying; Yalovsky, Shaul
- Plant Physiology, Vol. 176, Issue 1
An evolutionarily young defense metabolite influences the root growth of plants via the ancient TOR signaling pathway
journal, December 2017
- Malinovsky, Frederikke Gro; Thomsen, Marie-Louise F.; Nintemann, Sebastian J.
- eLife, Vol. 6
A Regulatory Hierarchy of the Arabidopsis Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolic Network
journal, May 2017
- Xing, Anqi; Last, Robert L.
- The Plant Cell, Vol. 29, Issue 6
Who does TORC2 talk to?
journal, May 2018
- Xie, Jianling; Wang, Xuemin; Proud, Christopher G.
- Biochemical Journal, Vol. 475, Issue 10
Brassinosteriod Insensitive 2 (BIN2) acts as a downstream effector of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway to regulate photoautotrophic growth in Arabidopsis
journal, August 2016
- Xiong, Fangjie; Zhang, Rui; Meng, Zhigang
- New Phytologist, Vol. 213, Issue 1
In the grass species Brachypodium distachyon , the production of mixed‐linkage (1,3;1,4)‐β‐glucan ( MLG ) occurs in the Golgi apparatus
journal, February 2018
- Kim, Sang‐Jin; Zemelis‐Durfee, Starla; Jensen, Jacob Krüger
- The Plant Journal, Vol. 93, Issue 6
Isolation and Characterization of Mutants in Plant Cell Culture
journal, June 1984
- Maliga, P.
- Annual Review of Plant Physiology, Vol. 35, Issue 1
Mutations in the Arabidopsis ROL17/isopropylmalate synthase 1 locus alter amino acid content, modify the TOR network, and suppress the root hair cell development mutant lrx1
journal, February 2019
- Schaufelberger, Myriam; Galbier, Florian; Herger, Aline
- Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 70, Issue 8
Mutations in the Arabidopsis Homolog of LST8/GβL, a Partner of the Target of Rapamycin Kinase, Impair Plant Growth, Flowering, and Metabolic Adaptation to Long Days
journal, February 2012
- Moreau, Manon; Azzopardi, Marianne; Clément, Gilles
- The Plant Cell, Vol. 24, Issue 2
Rapamycin passes the torch: a new generation of mTOR inhibitors
journal, October 2011
- Benjamin, Don; Colombi, Marco; Moroni, Christoph
- Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Vol. 10, Issue 11
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Regulates Two Steps of Homotypic Vacuole Fusion
journal, March 2000
- Mayer, Andreas; Scheglmann, Dietrich; Dove, Stephen
- Molecular Biology of the Cell, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Integration of light and metabolic signals for stem cell activation at the shoot apical meristem
journal, July 2016
- Pfeiffer, Anne; Janocha, Denis; Dong, Yihan
- eLife, Vol. 5
mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease
journal, March 2017
- Saxton, Robert A.; Sabatini, David M.
- Cell, Vol. 168, Issue 6
Pectin Methylesterification Impacts the Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Plant Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
journal, April 2016
- Weraduwage, Sarathi Maheshika; Kim, Sang-Jin; Renna, Luciana
- Plant Physiology
mTOR as a central hub of nutrient signalling and cell growth
journal, January 2019
- Kim, Joungmok; Guan, Kun-Liang
- Nature Cell Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 1
Expression of a Brassica Isopropylmalate Synthase Gene in Arabidopsis Perturbs Both Glucosinolate and Amino Acid Metabolism
journal, March 2006
- Field, Ben; Furniss, Caroline; Wilkinson, Andrew
- Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 60, Issue 5
Extracellular matrix sensing by FERONIA and Leucine‐Rich Repeat Extensins controls vacuolar expansion during cellular elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana
journal, February 2019
- Dünser, Kai; Gupta, Shibu; Herger, Aline
- The EMBO Journal, Vol. 38, Issue 7
Wortmannin induces homotypic fusion of plant prevacuolar compartments*
journal, May 2009
- Wang, Junqi; Cai, Yi; Miao, Yansong
- Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 60, Issue 11
Tools to Study Plant Organelle Biogenesis. Point Mutation Lines with Disrupted Vacuoles and High-Speed Confocal Screening of Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Organelles
journal, December 2003
- Avila, Emily L.; Zouhar, Jan; Agee, April E.
- Plant Physiology, Vol. 133, Issue 4
A multicolored set of in vivo organelle markers for co-localization studies in Arabidopsis and other plants: Fluorescent organelle markers
journal, August 2007
- Nelson, Brook K.; Cai, Xue; Nebenführ, Andreas
- The Plant Journal, Vol. 51, Issue 6
TOR2 is required for organization of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast
journal, November 1996
- Schmidt, A.; Kunz, J.; Hall, M. N.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 93, Issue 24
Systemic analysis of inducible target of rapamycin mutants reveal a general metabolic switch controlling growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
journal, January 2013
- Caldana, Camila; Li, Yan; Leisse, Andrea
- The Plant Journal, Vol. 73, Issue 6
A Missense Mutation in the Arabidopsis COPII Coat Protein Sec24A Induces the Formation of Clusters of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus
journal, November 2009
- Faso, Carmen; Chen, Ya-Ni; Tamura, Kentaro
- The Plant Cell, Vol. 21, Issue 11
Golgi Traffic and Integrity Depend on N-Myristoyl Transferase-1 in Arabidopsis
journal, May 2013
- Renna, Luciana; Stefano, Giovanni; Majeran, Wojciech
- The Plant Cell, Vol. 25, Issue 5
GTP ase ROP 2 binds and promotes activation of target of rapamycin, TOR , in response to auxin
journal, February 2017
- Schepetilnikov, Mikhail; Makarian, Joelle; Srour, Ola
- The EMBO Journal, Vol. 36, Issue 7
Direct inhibition of the signaling functions of the mammalian target of rapamycin by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002.
journal, October 1996
- Brunn, G. J.; Williams, J.; Sabers, C.
- The EMBO Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 19
Advances in Plant ER Architecture and Dynamics
journal, October 2017
- Stefano, Giovanni; Brandizzi, Federica
- Plant Physiology, Vol. 176, Issue 1
ER – the key to the highway
journal, December 2014
- Stefano, Giovanni; Hawes, Chris; Brandizzi, Federica
- Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 22
Cell-free reconstitution of vacuole membrane fragmentation reveals regulation of vacuole size and number by TORC1
journal, March 2012
- Michaillat, Lydie; Baars, Tonie Luise; Mayer, Andreas
- Molecular Biology of the Cell, Vol. 23, Issue 5
The Actin-Interacting Protein AIP1 Is Essential for Actin Organization and Plant Development
journal, January 2004
- Ketelaar, Tijs; Allwood, Ellen G.; Anthony, Richard
- Current Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 2
Random GFP::cDNA fusions enable visualization of subcellular structures in cells of Arabidopsis at a high frequency
journal, March 2000
- Cutler, S. R.; Ehrhardt, D. W.; Griffitts, J. S.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 97, Issue 7
Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis
journal, June 2012
- Schindelin, Johannes; Arganda-Carreras, Ignacio; Frise, Erwin
- Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7
Organization of the ER–Golgi interface for membrane traffic control
journal, May 2013
- Brandizzi, Federica; Barlowe, Charles
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 6
TOR Signaling Promotes Accumulation of BZR1 to Balance Growth with Carbon Availability in Arabidopsis
journal, July 2016
- Zhang, Zhenzhen; Zhu, Jia-Ying; Roh, Jeehee
- Current Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 14
Discovery of 9-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[ h ][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1 H )-one (Torin2) as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitor for Treatment of Cancer
journal, March 2011
- Liu, Qingsong; Wang, Jinhua; Kang, Seong A.
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 54, Issue 5
Target of Rapamycin Inhibition in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Triggers de Novo Amino Acid Synthesis by Enhancing Nitrogen Assimilation
journal, September 2018
- Mubeen, Umarah; Jüppner, Jessica; Alpers, Jessica
- The Plant Cell, Vol. 30, Issue 10
Genome-Wide Analysis of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels in Arabidopsis Seeds
journal, December 2013
- Angelovici, Ruthie; Lipka, Alexander E.; Deason, Nicholas
- The Plant Cell, Vol. 25, Issue 12
Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana
journal, December 1998
- Clough, Steven J.; Bent, Andrew F.
- The Plant Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 6, p. 735-743
SYP73 Anchors the ER to the Actin Cytoskeleton for Maintenance of ER Integrity and Streaming in Arabidopsis
journal, December 2016
- Cao, Pengfei; Renna, Luciana; Stefano, Giovanni
- Current Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 23
In Arabidopsis, the spatial and dynamic organization of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus is influenced by the integrity of the C-terminal domain of RHD3, a non-essential GTPase: RHD3 involvement in Golgi movement and ER architecture
journal, December 2011
- Stefano, Giovanni; Renna, Luciana; Moss, Tyler
- The Plant Journal, Vol. 69, Issue 6
Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes
journal, February 2017
- Li, Xiaojuan; Cai, Wenguo; Liu, Yanlin
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 10
A whole-cell electron tomography model of vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells
journal, December 2018
- Cui, Yong; Cao, Wenhan; He, Yilin
- Nature Plants, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Identification and characterization of AtCASP, a plant transmembrane Golgi matrix protein
journal, May 2005
- Renna, Luciana; Hanton, Sally L.; Stefano, Giovanni
- Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 58, Issue 1
Ideal amino acid profiles as a basis for feed protein evaluation
journal, June 2000
- Boisen, S.; Hvelplund, T.; Weisbjerg, M. R.
- Livestock Production Science, Vol. 64, Issue 2-3
TOR and RPS6 transmit light signals to enhance protein translation in deetiolating Arabidopsis seedlings
journal, November 2018
- Chen, Guan-Hong; Liu, Ming-Jung; Xiong, Yan
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 50
TGNap1 is required for microtubule-dependent homeostasis of a subpopulation of the plant trans-Golgi network
journal, December 2018
- Renna, Luciana; Stefano, Giovanni; Slabaugh, Erin
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
The Regulation of Essential Amino Acid Synthesis and Accumulation in Plants
journal, April 2016
- Galili, Gad; Amir, Rachel; Fernie, Alisdair R.
- Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 67, Issue 1
TOR-Dependent and -Independent Pathways Regulate Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana
journal, July 2017
- Pu, Yunting; Luo, Xinjuan; Bassham, Diane C.
- Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 8
Actin-dependent vacuolar occupancy of the cell determines auxin-induced growth repression
journal, December 2015
- Scheuring, David; Löfke, Christian; Krüger, Falco
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 2
Arabidopsis group Ie formins localize to specific cell membrane domains, interact with actin-binding proteins and cause defects in cell expansion upon aberrant expression
journal, December 2005
- Deeks, Michael J.; Cvrckova, Fatima; Machesky, Laura M.
- New Phytologist, Vol. 168, Issue 3
RAPTOR Controls Developmental Growth Transitions by Altering the Hormonal and Metabolic Balance
journal, April 2018
- Salem, Mohamed A.; Li, Yan; Bajdzienko, Krzysztof
- Plant Physiology, Vol. 177, Issue 2
Rictor, a Novel Binding Partner of mTOR, Defines a Rapamycin-Insensitive and Raptor-Independent Pathway that Regulates the Cytoskeleton
journal, July 2004
- Dos D. Sarbassov, ; Ali, Siraj M.; Kim, Do-Hyung
- Current Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 14
Here, there, and everywhere: The importance of ER membrane contact sites
journal, August 2018
- Wu, Haoxi; Carvalho, Pedro; Voeltz, Gia K.
- Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6401
The TORC2‐Dependent Signaling Network in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, September 2017
- Roelants, Françoise; Leskoske, Kristin; Martinez Marshall, Maria Nieves
- Biomolecules, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Form Follows Function: The Importance of Endoplasmic Reticulum Shape
journal, June 2015
- Westrate, L. M.; Lee, J. E.; Prinz, W. A.
- Annual Review of Biochemistry, Vol. 84, Issue 1
Glucose–TOR signalling reprograms the transcriptome and activates meristems
journal, March 2013
- Xiong, Yan; McCormack, Matthew; Li, Lei
- Nature, Vol. 496, Issue 7444
Autophagy contributes to sulfonylurea herbicide tolerance via GCN2-independent regulation of amino acid homeostasis
journal, January 2018
- Zhao, Lun; Deng, Li; Zhang, Qing
- Autophagy, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Mammalian TOR complex 2 controls the actin cytoskeleton and is rapamycin insensitive
journal, October 2004
- Jacinto, Estela; Loewith, Robbie; Schmidt, Anja
- Nature Cell Biology, Vol. 6, Issue 11
Exercise Promotes BCAA Catabolism: Effects of BCAA Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle during Exercise
journal, June 2004
- Shimomura, Yoshiharu; Murakami, Taro; Nakai, Naoya
- The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 134, Issue 6
Target of Rapamycin Signaling Regulates Metabolism, Growth, and Life Span in Arabidopsis
journal, December 2012
- Ren, Maozhi; Venglat, Prakash; Qiu, Shuqing
- The Plant Cell, Vol. 24, Issue 12
Auxin regulates SNARE-dependent vacuolar morphology restricting cell size
journal, March 2015
- Löfke, Christian; Dünser, Kai; Scheuring, David
- eLife, Vol. 4
Organelle inheritance in plant cell division: the actin cytoskeleton is required for unbiased inheritance of chloroplasts, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in dividing protoplasts
journal, December 2003
- Sheahan, Michael B.; Rose, Ray J.; McCurdy, David W.
- The Plant Journal, Vol. 37, Issue 3