Generic packing motifs in vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors

doi:10.1039/c9sm01155b

Title: Generic packing motifs in vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors

Abstract

We study the structure of vapor-deposited glasses of five common organic semiconductors as a function of substrate temperature during deposition, using synchrotron X-ray scattering. For deposition at a substrate temperature of ~0.8$$T_g$$ (where $$T_g$$ is the glass transition temperature), we find a generic tendency towards “face-on” packing in glasses of anisotropic molecules. At higher substrate temperature however this generic behavior breaks down; glasses of rod-shaped molecules exhibit a more pronounced tendency for end-on packing. Our study provides guidelines to create face-on and end-on packing motifs in organic glasses, which can promote efficient charge transport in OLED and OFET devices respectively.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]

Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)

Publication Date:: 2019-08-23

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1576797

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1568933; OSTI ID: 1605680

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; SC0002161

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Soft Matter

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 38; Journal ID: ISSN 1744-683X

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats


                    Bagchi, Kushal, Gujral, Ankit, Toney, M. F., and Ediger, M. D. Generic packing motifs in vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1039/c9sm01155b.

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                    Bagchi, Kushal, Gujral, Ankit, Toney, M. F., & Ediger, M. D. Generic packing motifs in vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors.  United States.  doi:10.1039/c9sm01155b.

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                    Bagchi, Kushal, Gujral, Ankit, Toney, M. F., and Ediger, M. D. Fri .  
        "Generic packing motifs in vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors".  United States.  doi:10.1039/c9sm01155b.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1576797.

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@article{osti_1576797,

  title        = {Generic packing motifs in vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors},

  author       = {Bagchi, Kushal and Gujral, Ankit and Toney, M. F. and Ediger, M. D.},

  abstractNote = {We study the structure of vapor-deposited glasses of five common organic semiconductors as a function of substrate temperature during deposition, using synchrotron X-ray scattering. For deposition at a substrate temperature of ~0.8$T_g$ (where $T_g$ is the glass transition temperature), we find a generic tendency towards “face-on” packing in glasses of anisotropic molecules. At higher substrate temperature however this generic behavior breaks down; glasses of rod-shaped molecules exhibit a more pronounced tendency for end-on packing. Our study provides guidelines to create face-on and end-on packing motifs in organic glasses, which can promote efficient charge transport in OLED and OFET devices respectively.},

  doi          = {10.1039/c9sm01155b},

  journal      = {Soft Matter},

  number       = 38,

  volume       = 15,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {8}

}

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DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01155b

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Title: Generic packing motifs in vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors

Abstract

Citation Formats

Quantitative Determination of Organic Semiconductor Microstructure from the Molecular to Device Scale journal, June 2012

Correlation between Molecular Packing and Optical Properties in Different Crystalline Polymorphs and Amorphous Thin Films of mer -Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III) journal, May 2000

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Surface Self-Diffusion of Organic Glasses journal, August 2013

Essential Differences of Organic Films at the Molecular Level via Vacuum Deposition and Solution Processes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes journal, November 2013

Structural Characterization of Vapor-Deposited Glasses of an Organic Hole Transport Material with X-ray Scattering journal, April 2015

Enhanced Electrical Properties and Air Stability of Amorphous Organic Thin Films by Engineering Film Density journal, November 2017

Nematic-like stable glasses without equilibrium liquid crystal phases journal, February 2017

Horizontal Orientation of Disk-like Hole Transport Molecules and Their Application for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Requiring a Lower Driving Voltage journal, April 2012

Suppression of tunneling two-level systems in ultrastable glasses of indomethacin journal, July 2014

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Advantages and disadvantages of vacuum-deposited and spin-coated amorphous organic semiconductor films for organic light-emitting diodes journal, January 2015

Organic electroluminescent diodes journal, September 1987

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Perspective: Highly stable vapor-deposited glasses journal, December 2017

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Transformation kinetics of vapor-deposited thin film organic glasses: the role of stability and molecular packing anisotropy journal, January 2015

Control of Molecular Orientation in Organic Semiconductor Films using Weak Hydrogen Bonds journal, March 2019

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Investigating the molecular orientation of Ir(ppy)3 and Ir(ppy)2(acac) emitter complexes by X-ray diffraction journal, February 2018

Anisotropic Structure and Transformation Kinetics of Vapor-Deposited Indomethacin Glasses journal, January 2011

Supercooled liquids and the glass transition journal, March 2001

Anisotropic optical properties and molecular orientation in vacuum-deposited ter(9,9-diarylfluorene)s thin films using spectroscopic ellipsometry journal, February 2004

Tetraaryl biphenyl diamine hole transport materials: a structural study utilizing both single crystal and high resolution powder diffraction journal, December 2001

Controlling Molecular Packing for Charge Transport in Organic Thin Films journal, February 2011

High-performance organic light-emitting diodes comprising ultrastable glass layers journal, May 2018

Hiking down the Energy Landscape: Progress Toward the Kauzmann Temperature via Vapor Deposition journal, April 2008

All-atom simulation of molecular orientation in vapor-deposited organic light-emitting diodes journal, January 2018

Origin of Anisotropic Molecular Packing in Vapor-Deposited Alq3 Glasses journal, December 2018

Tunable molecular orientation and elevated thermal stability of vapor-deposited organic semiconductors journal, March 2015

Anisotropic Vapor-Deposited Glasses: Hybrid Organic Solids journal, January 2019

High-Throughput Ellipsometric Characterization of Vapor-Deposited Indomethacin Glasses journal, August 2013

Vapor-Deposited Glasses with Long-Range Columnar Liquid Crystalline Order journal, October 2017

Photo- and electroactive amorphous molecular materials—molecular design, syntheses, reactions, properties, and applications journal, January 2005

Influence of Molecular Shape on the Thermal Stability and Molecular Orientation of Vapor-Deposited Organic Semiconductors journal, July 2017

Molecular orientation in small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes journal, January 2011

Orientation Control of Linear-Shaped Molecules in Vacuum-Deposited Organic Amorphous Films and Its Effect on Carrier Mobilities journal, February 2010

Character of Devitrification, Viewed from Enthalpic Paths, of the Vapor-Deposited Ethylbenzene Glasses journal, December 2011

Quantitative Determination of Organic Semiconductor Microstructure from the Molecular to Device Scale
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Correlation between Molecular Packing and Optical Properties in Different Crystalline Polymorphs and Amorphous Thin Films of mer -Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III)
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Emergence of a substrate-temperature-dependent dielectric process in a prototypical vapor deposited hole-transport glass
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Surface Self-Diffusion of Organic Glasses
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Essential Differences of Organic Films at the Molecular Level via Vacuum Deposition and Solution Processes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
journal, November 2013

Structural Characterization of Vapor-Deposited Glasses of an Organic Hole Transport Material with X-ray Scattering
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Enhanced Electrical Properties and Air Stability of Amorphous Organic Thin Films by Engineering Film Density
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Nematic-like stable glasses without equilibrium liquid crystal phases
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journal, July 2014

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Advantages and disadvantages of vacuum-deposited and spin-coated amorphous organic semiconductor films for organic light-emitting diodes
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Perspective: Highly stable vapor-deposited glasses
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Recent Development of Blue Fluorescent OLED Materials and Devices
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Devitrification Properties of Vapor-Deposited Ethylcyclohexane Glasses and Interpretation of the Molecular Mechanism for Formation of Vapor-Deposited Glasses
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Transformation kinetics of vapor-deposited thin film organic glasses: the role of stability and molecular packing anisotropy
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journal, March 2019

Highly Organized Smectic-like Packing in Vapor-Deposited Glasses of a Liquid Crystal
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Anisotropic Structure and Transformation Kinetics of Vapor-Deposited Indomethacin Glasses
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Supercooled liquids and the glass transition
journal, March 2001

Anisotropic optical properties and molecular orientation in vacuum-deposited ter(9,9-diarylfluorene)s thin films using spectroscopic ellipsometry
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Tetraaryl biphenyl diamine hole transport materials: a structural study utilizing both single crystal and high resolution powder diffraction
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Controlling Molecular Packing for Charge Transport in Organic Thin Films
journal, February 2011

High-performance organic light-emitting diodes comprising ultrastable glass layers
journal, May 2018

Hiking down the Energy Landscape: Progress Toward the Kauzmann Temperature via Vapor Deposition
journal, April 2008

All-atom simulation of molecular orientation in vapor-deposited organic light-emitting diodes
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Origin of Anisotropic Molecular Packing in Vapor-Deposited Alq3 Glasses
journal, December 2018

Tunable molecular orientation and elevated thermal stability of vapor-deposited organic semiconductors
journal, March 2015

Anisotropic Vapor-Deposited Glasses: Hybrid Organic Solids
journal, January 2019

High-Throughput Ellipsometric Characterization of Vapor-Deposited Indomethacin Glasses
journal, August 2013

Vapor-Deposited Glasses with Long-Range Columnar Liquid Crystalline Order
journal, October 2017

Photo- and electroactive amorphous molecular materials—molecular design, syntheses, reactions, properties, and applications
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Influence of Molecular Shape on the Thermal Stability and Molecular Orientation of Vapor-Deposited Organic Semiconductors
journal, July 2017

Molecular orientation in small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes
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Orientation Control of Linear-Shaped Molecules in Vacuum-Deposited Organic Amorphous Films and Its Effect on Carrier Mobilities
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