Advancing global change biology through experimental manipulations: Where have we been and where might we go?
Abstract
Abstract This commentary summarizes the publication history of Global Change Biology for works on experimental manipulations over the past 25 years and highlights a number of key publications. The retrospective summary is then followed by some thoughts on the future of experimental work as it relates to mechanistic understanding and methodological needs. Experiments for elevated CO 2 atmospheres and anticipated warming scenarios which take us beyond historical analogs are suggested as future priorities. Disturbance is also highlighted as a key agent of global change. Because experiments are demanding of both personnel effort and limited fiscal resources, the allocation of experimental investments across Earth's biomes should be done in ecosystems of key importance. Uncertainty analysis and broad community consultation should be used to identify research questions and target biomes that will yield substantial gains in predictive confidence and societal relevance. A full range of methodological approaches covering small to large spatial scales will continue to be justified as a source of mechanistic understanding. Nevertheless, experiments operating at larger spatial scales encompassing organismal, edaphic, and environmental diversity of target ecosystems are favored, as they allow for the assessment of long‐term biogeochemical feedbacks enabling a full range of questions to be addressed. Such studiesmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1]
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1576645
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1576646
- Grant/Contract Number:
- DE‐AC05‐1008 00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Global Change Biology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Global Change Biology Journal Volume: 26 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1354-1013
- Publisher:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Hanson, Paul J., and Walker, Anthony P. Advancing global change biology through experimental manipulations: Where have we been and where might we go?. United Kingdom: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1111/gcb.14894.
Hanson, Paul J., & Walker, Anthony P. Advancing global change biology through experimental manipulations: Where have we been and where might we go?. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14894
Hanson, Paul J., and Walker, Anthony P. Fri .
"Advancing global change biology through experimental manipulations: Where have we been and where might we go?". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14894.
@article{osti_1576645,
title = {Advancing global change biology through experimental manipulations: Where have we been and where might we go?},
author = {Hanson, Paul J. and Walker, Anthony P.},
abstractNote = {Abstract This commentary summarizes the publication history of Global Change Biology for works on experimental manipulations over the past 25 years and highlights a number of key publications. The retrospective summary is then followed by some thoughts on the future of experimental work as it relates to mechanistic understanding and methodological needs. Experiments for elevated CO 2 atmospheres and anticipated warming scenarios which take us beyond historical analogs are suggested as future priorities. Disturbance is also highlighted as a key agent of global change. Because experiments are demanding of both personnel effort and limited fiscal resources, the allocation of experimental investments across Earth's biomes should be done in ecosystems of key importance. Uncertainty analysis and broad community consultation should be used to identify research questions and target biomes that will yield substantial gains in predictive confidence and societal relevance. A full range of methodological approaches covering small to large spatial scales will continue to be justified as a source of mechanistic understanding. Nevertheless, experiments operating at larger spatial scales encompassing organismal, edaphic, and environmental diversity of target ecosystems are favored, as they allow for the assessment of long‐term biogeochemical feedbacks enabling a full range of questions to be addressed. Such studies must also include adequate investment in measurements of key interacting variables (e.g., water and nutrient availability and budgets) to enable mechanistic understanding of responses and to interpret context dependency. Integration of ecosystem‐scale manipulations with focused process‐based manipulations, networks, and large‐scale observations will aid more complete understanding of ecosystem responses, context dependence, and the extrapolation of results. From the outset, these studies must be informed by and integrated with ecosystem models that provide quantitative predictions from their embedded mechanistic hypotheses. A true two‐way interaction between experiments and models will simultaneously increase the rate and robustness of Global Change research.},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.14894},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
number = 1,
volume = 26,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Fri Nov 29 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Fri Nov 29 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14894
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14894
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 24 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Annual temperature variation as a time machine to understand the effects of long-term climate change on a poleward range shift
journal, May 2018
- Crickenberger, Sam; Wethey, David S.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 8
The next frontier of plant-soil feedback research: unraveling context dependence across biotic and abiotic gradients
journal, March 2017
- Smith-Ramesh, Lauren M.; Reynolds, Heather L.
- Journal of Vegetation Science, Vol. 28, Issue 3
The hot and the cold: unravelling the variable response of plant respiration to temperature
journal, January 2005
- Atkin, Owen K.; Bruhn, Dan; Hurry, Vaughan M.
- Functional Plant Biology, Vol. 32, Issue 2
Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated CO 2 : a model-data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest FACE sites
journal, March 2013
- De Kauwe, Martin G.; Medlyn, Belinda E.; Zaehle, Sönke
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 6
Optimizing the statistical estimation of the parameters of the Farquhar–von Caemmerer–Berry model of photosynthesis
journal, October 2007
- Dubois, Jean-Jacques B.; Fiscus, Edwin L.; Booker, Fitzgerald L.
- New Phytologist, Vol. 176, Issue 2
Changing the way we think about global change research: scaling up in experimental ecosystem science
journal, April 2004
- Osmond, Barry; Ananyev, Gennady; Berry, Joseph
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Impacts of precipitation variability on plant species and community water stress in a temperate deciduous forest in the central US
journal, February 2016
- Gu, Lianhong; Pallardy, Stephen G.; Hosman, Kevin P.
- Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 217
Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO2 across four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert
journal, December 2004
- Ellsworth, David S.; Reich, Peter B.; Naumburg, Elke S.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 10, Issue 12
Attaining whole-ecosystem warming using air and deep-soil heating methods with an elevated CO 2 atmosphere
journal, January 2017
- Hanson, Paul J.; Riggs, Jeffery S.; Nettles, W. Robert
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Using ecosystem experiments to improve vegetation models
journal, May 2015
- Medlyn, Belinda E.; Zaehle, Sönke; De Kauwe, Martin G.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, Issue 6
Introduction to the invited issue on carbon allocation of trees and forests
journal, June 2012
- Epron, D.; Nouvellon, Y.; Ryan, M. G.
- Tree Physiology, Vol. 32, Issue 6
Recovery from disturbance requires resynchronization of ecosystem nutrient cycles
journal, April 2013
- Rastetter, E. B.; Yanai, R. D.; Thomas, R. Q.
- Ecological Applications, Vol. 23, Issue 3
Elevated CO2 does not increase eucalypt forest productivity on a low-phosphorus soil
journal, March 2017
- Ellsworth, David S.; Anderson, Ian C.; Crous, Kristine Y.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Response of plant species richness and primary productivity in shrublands along a north–south gradient in Europe to seven years of experimental warming and drought: reductions in primary productivity in the heat and drought year of 2003
journal, December 2007
- PeÑUelas, Josep; Prieto, Patricia; Beier, Claus
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 13, Issue 12
A general mathematical framework for representing soil organic matter dynamics
journal, November 2015
- Sierra, Carlos A.; Müller, Markus
- Ecological Monographs, Vol. 85, Issue 4
Comprehensive ecosystem model-data synthesis using multiple data sets at two temperate forest free-air CO 2 enrichment experiments: Model performance at ambient CO 2 concentration : FACE MODEL-DATA SYNTHESIS
journal, May 2014
- Walker, Anthony P.; Hanson, Paul J.; De Kauwe, Martin G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 119, Issue 5
Responses of terrestrial ecosystems to temperature and precipitation change: a meta-analysis of experimental manipulation: META-ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION
journal, January 2011
- Wu, Zhuoting; Dijkstra, Paul; Koch, George W.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, Issue 2
The response of an Eastern Amazonian rain forest to drought stress: results and modelling analyses from a throughfall exclusion experiment
journal, November 2007
- Fisher, R. A.; Williams, M.; da COSTA, A. Lola
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 13, Issue 11
Seasonal variation in pathways of CH4 production and in CH4 oxidation in rice fields determined by stable carbon isotopes and specific inhibitors
journal, March 2002
- Kruger, Martin; Eller, Gundula; Conrad, Ralf
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 8, Issue 3
Transpiration of trees and forest stands: short and long-term monitoring using sapflow methods
journal, June 1996
- Granier, A.; Biron, P.; Breda, N.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Coupled Photosynthesis-Stomatal Conductance Model for Leaves of C4 Plants
journal, January 1992
- Collatz, Gj; Ribas-Carbo, M.; Berry, Ja
- Functional Plant Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 5
The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed for climate models
journal, January 2003
- Pitman, A. J.
- International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 23, Issue 5
Long‐term measurements of boreal forest carbon balance reveal large temperature sensitivity
journal, April 1998
- Lindroth, Anders; Grelle, Achim; Morén, Ann‐Sofie
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 4, Issue 4
Experiments to confront the environmental extremes of climate change
journal, May 2015
- Kayler, Zachary E.; De Boeck, Hans J.; Fatichi, Simone
- Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 13, Issue 4
How to Integrate Experimental Research Approaches in Ecological and Environmental Studies: AnaEE France as an Example
journal, April 2018
- Clobert, Jean; Chanzy, André; Le Galliard, Jean-François
- Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 6
To replicate, or not to replicate - that is the question: how to tackle nonlinear responses in ecological experiments
journal, August 2018
- Kreyling, Juergen; Schweiger, Andreas H.; Bahn, Michael
- Ecology Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 11
Biotic validation of small open-top chambers in a tundra ecosystem
journal, October 2000
- Hollister, Robert D.; Webber, Patrick J.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 6, Issue 7
Decadal biomass increment in early secondary succession woody ecosystems is increased by CO2 enrichment
journal, February 2019
- Walker, Anthony P.; De Kauwe, Martin G.; Medlyn, Belinda E.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Scaling of respiration to nitrogen in leaves, stems and roots of higher land plants
journal, August 2008
- Reich, Peter B.; Tjoelker, Mark G.; Pregitzer, Kurt S.
- Ecology Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Knowing when to draw the line: designing more informative ecological experiments
journal, April 2005
- Cottingham, Kathryn L.; Lennon, Jay T.; Brown, Bryan L.
- Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Scaling Contagious Disturbance: A Spatially-Implicit Dynamic Model
journal, March 2019
- McCabe, Tempest D.; Dietze, Michael C.
- Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 7
What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2: Tansley review
journal, November 2004
- Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Long, Stephen P.
- New Phytologist, Vol. 165, Issue 2
Methane emissions from wetlands and their relationship with vascular plants: an Arctic example
journal, December 2001
- Joabsson, Anna; Christensen, Torben Røjle
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 7, Issue 8
Understanding ecosystems of the future will require more than realistic climate change experiments – A response to Korell et al.
journal, October 2019
- De Boeck, Hans J.; Bloor, Juliette M. G.; Aerts, Rien
- Global Change Biology
Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere
journal, May 2001
- Oren, Ram; Ellsworth, David S.; Johnsen, Kurt H.
- Nature, Vol. 411, Issue 6836
Altered dynamics of forest recovery under a changing climate
journal, April 2013
- Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Miller, Adam D.; Mohan, Jacqueline E.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 7
Loss of forb diversity in relation to nitrogen deposition in the UK: regional trends and potential controls
journal, October 2006
- Stevens, Carly J.; Dise, Nancy B.; Gowing, David J. G.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 12, Issue 10
New stomatal flux-based critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation
journal, September 2011
- Mills, Gina; Pleijel, Håkan; Braun, Sabine
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, Issue 28
A free-air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO2
journal, March 1999
- Hendrey, George R.; Ellsworth, David S.; Lewin, Keith F.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 5, Issue 3
A global Fine-Root Ecology Database to address below-ground challenges in plant ecology
journal, February 2017
- Iversen, Colleen M.; McCormack, M. Luke; Powell, A. Shafer
- New Phytologist, Vol. 215, Issue 1, p. 15-26
Root structural and functional dynamics in terrestrial biosphere models - evaluation and recommendations
journal, September 2014
- Warren, Jeffrey M.; Hanson, Paul J.; Iversen, Colleen M.
- New Phytologist, Vol. 205, Issue 1
Experimental droughts with rainout shelters: a methodological review
journal, January 2018
- Hoover, David L.; Wilcox, Kevin R.; Young, Kristina E.
- Ecosphere, Vol. 9, Issue 1
The Dual Arrhenius and Michaelis-Menten kinetics model for decomposition of soil organic matter at hourly to seasonal time scales
journal, October 2011
- Davidson, Eric A.; Samanta, Sudeep; Caramori, Samantha S.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 1
The multi-assumption architecture and testbed (MAAT v1.0): R code for generating ensembles with dynamic model structure and analysis of epistemic uncertainty from multiple sources
journal, January 2018
- Walker, Anthony P.; Ye, Ming; Lu, Dan
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Vegetation demographics in Earth System Models: A review of progress and priorities
journal, October 2017
- Fisher, Rosie A.; Koven, Charles D.; Anderegg, William R. L.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 1
How do climate change experiments alter plot-scale climate?
journal, January 2019
- Ettinger, A. K.; Chuine, I.; Cook, B. I.
- Ecology Letters, Vol. 22, Issue 4
Elevated CO2 effects on plant carbon, nitrogen, and water relations: six important lessons from FACE
journal, April 2009
- Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Bernacchi, Carl J.
- Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 60, Issue 10
Net mineralization of N at deeper soil depths as a potential mechanism for sustained forest production under elevated [CO2]: N MINERALIZATION AT DEPTH IN THE SOIL
journal, January 2011
- Iversen, C. M.; Hooker, T. D.; Classen, A. T.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, Issue 2
Rice production in a changing climate: a meta-analysis of responses to elevated carbon dioxide and elevated ozone concentration
journal, July 2008
- Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 7
Boreal forest CO 2 exchange and evapotranspiration predicted by nine ecosystem process models: Intermodel comparisons and relationships to field measurements
journal, December 2001
- Amthor, J. S.; Chen, J. M.; Clein, J. S.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 106, Issue D24
Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments
journal, October 2018
- Langley, J. Adam; Chapman, Samantha K.; La Pierre, Kimberly J.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 12
Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration: scaling from leaves to canopies
journal, October 1995
- Leuning, R.; Kelliher, F. M.; Pury, D. G. G.
- Plant, Cell and Environment, Vol. 18, Issue 10
Importance of changing CO2, temperature, precipitation, and ozone on carbon and water cycles of an upland-oak forest: incorporating experimental results into model simulations
journal, September 2005
- Hanson, Paul J.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Norby, Richard J.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 11, Issue 9
Microbial dormancy improves development and experimental validation of ecosystem model
journal, July 2014
- Wang, Gangsheng; Jagadamma, Sindhu; Mayes, Melanie A.
- The ISME Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer
journal, April 1991
- Collatz, G. James; Ball, J. Timothy; Grivet, Cyril
- Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 54, Issue 2-4
Microenvironment and functional-trait context dependence predict alpine plant community dynamics
journal, June 2018
- Blonder, Benjamin; Kapas, Rozalia E.; Dalton, Rebecca M.
- Journal of Ecology, Vol. 106, Issue 4
Infrared heater arrays for warming ecosystem field plots: INFRARED HEATER ARRAYS
journal, November 2007
- Kimball, Bruce A.; Conley, Matthew M.; Wang, Shiping
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 2
Enhancing global change experiments through integration of remote‐sensing techniques
journal, April 2019
- Shiklomanov, Alexey N.; Bradley, Bethany A.; Dahlin, Kyla M.
- Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 17, Issue 4
Long-term patterns of mass loss during the decomposition of leaf and fine root litter: an intersite comparison
journal, May 2009
- Harmon, Mark E.; Silver, Whendee L.; Fasth, Becky
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 15, Issue 5
The Effects of Tropospheric Ozone on Net Primary Productivity and Implications for Climate Change
journal, June 2012
- Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Yendrek, Craig R.; Sitch, Stephen
- Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 63, Issue 1
A meta-analysis of elevated [CO2] effects on soybean (Glycine max) physiology, growth and yield
journal, August 2002
- Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Davey, Phillip A.; Bernacchi, Carl J.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 8, Issue 8
Evaluation of 11 terrestrial carbon-nitrogen cycle models against observations from two temperate Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment studies
journal, January 2014
- Zaehle, Sönke; Medlyn, Belinda E.; De Kauwe, Martin G.
- New Phytologist, Vol. 202, Issue 3
Evolution of natural and social science interactions in global change research programs
journal, January 2013
- Mooney, H. A.; Duraiappah, A.; Larigauderie, A.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue Supplement_1
Interactions between plant growth and soil nutrient cycling under elevated CO 2 : a meta-analysis
journal, November 2006
- de GRAAFF, Marie-Anne; van GROENIGEN, Kees-Jan; Six, Johan
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 12, Issue 11
Tree responses to rising CO 2 in field experiments: implications for the future forest
journal, June 1999
- Norby, R. J.; Wullschleger, S. D.; Gunderson, C. A.
- Plant, Cell and Environment, Vol. 22, Issue 6
NEON terrestrial field observations: designing continental-scale, standardized sampling
journal, December 2012
- Kao, Rebecca Hufft; Gibson, Cara M.; Gallery, Rachel E.
- Ecosphere, Vol. 3, Issue 12
A meta-analysis of leaf gas exchange and nitrogen in trees grown under elevated carbon dioxide
journal, February 1996
- Curtis, P. S.
- Plant, Cell and Environment, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Drought-influenced mortality of tree species with different predawn leaf water dynamics in a decade-long study of a central US forest
journal, January 2015
- Gu, L.; Pallardy, S. G.; Hosman, K. P.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 12, Issue 10
Modeling for Understanding v. Modeling for Numbers
journal, November 2016
- Rastetter, Edward B.
- Ecosystems, Vol. 20, Issue 2
Meta-analysis: the past, present and future
journal, December 2007
- Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Rosenberg, Michael S.; Wang, Xianzhong
- New Phytologist, Vol. 176, Issue 4
Temperature‐controlled open‐top chambers for global change research
journal, June 1997
- Norby, Richard; Edwards, Nelson; Riggs, Jeffery
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Re-assessment of plant carbon dynamics at the Duke free-air CO2 enrichment site: interactions of atmospheric [CO2] with nitrogen and water availability over stand development
journal, November 2009
- McCarthy, Heather R.; Oren, Ram; Johnsen, Kurt H.
- New Phytologist, Vol. 185, Issue 2
We need more realistic climate change experiments for understanding ecosystems of the future
journal, September 2019
- Korell, Lotte; Auge, Harald; Chase, Jonathan M.
- Global Change Biology
Using models to guide field experiments: a priori predictions for the CO 2 response of a nutrient- and water-limited native Eucalypt woodland
journal, May 2016
- Medlyn, Belinda E.; De Kauwe, Martin G.; Zaehle, Sönke
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 22, Issue 8
Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming
journal, April 2013
- Kroeker, Kristy J.; Kordas, Rebecca L.; Crim, Ryan
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 6
Accurate forest projections require long‐term wood decay experiments because plant trait effects change through time
journal, November 2019
- Oberle, Brad; Lee, Marissa R.; Myers, Jonathan A.
- Global Change Biology
Models of Photosynthesis
journal, January 2001
- Farquhar, Graham D.; von Caemmerer, Susanne; Berry, Joseph A.
- Plant Physiology, Vol. 125, Issue 1
Embracing interactions in ocean acidification research: confronting multiple stressor scenarios and context dependence
journal, March 2017
- Kroeker, Kristy J.; Kordas, Rebecca L.; Harley, Christopher D. G.
- Biology Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 3
Evidence of widespread effects of ozone on crops and (semi-)natural vegetation in Europe (1990-2006) in relation to AOT40- and flux-based risk maps: OZONE EFFECTS ON VEGETATION IN EUROPE
journal, December 2010
- Mills, Gina; Hayes, Felicity; Simpson, David
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Oak Forest Carbon and Water Simulations: Model Intercomparisons and Evaluations Against Independent data
journal, August 2004
- Hanson, P. J.; Amthor, J. S.; Wullschleger, S. D.
- Ecological Monographs, Vol. 74, Issue 3
FLUXNET: A New Tool to Study the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Ecosystem–Scale Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Energy Flux Densities
journal, November 2001
- Baldocchi, Dennis; Falge, Eva; Gu, Lianhong
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 82, Issue 11
A zero-power warming chamber for investigating plant responses to rising temperature
journal, January 2017
- Lewin, Keith F.; McMahon, Andrew M.; Ely, Kim S.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 18
Response of Mediterranean coralline algae to ocean acidification and elevated temperature
journal, August 2009
- Martin, Sophie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 15, Issue 8
Short-interval severe fire erodes the resilience of subalpine lodgepole pine forests
journal, May 2019
- Turner, Monica G.; Braziunas, Kristin H.; Hansen, Winslow D.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 23
Soil respiration under prolonged soil warming: are rate reductions caused by acclimation or substrate loss?
journal, November 2004
- Kirschbaum, Miko U. F.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 10, Issue 11
The importance of drought–pathogen interactions in driving oak mortality events in the Ozark Border Region
journal, December 2017
- Wood, Jeffrey D.; Knapp, Benjamin O.; Muzika, Rose-Marie
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 1
Coordinated distributed experiments: an emerging tool for testing global hypotheses in ecology and environmental science
journal, April 2013
- Fraser, Lauchlan H.; Henry, Hugh AL; Carlyle, Cameron N.
- Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 11, Issue 3
To replicate, or not to replicate – that should not be a question
journal, May 2019
- Chalcraft, David R.
- Ecology Letters, Vol. 22, Issue 7
On the need to consider wood formation processes in global vegetation models and a suggested approach
journal, April 2019
- Friend, Andrew D.; Eckes-Shephard, Annemarie H.; Fonti, Patrick
- Annals of Forest Science, Vol. 76, Issue 2