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Title: Transforming the carbon economy: challenges and opportunities in the convergence of low-cost electricity and reductive CO2 utilization

Abstract

The increasing availability of renewable electricity at costs competitive with, and even lower than, electricity from fossil sources along with growing interest and recent technological advancements in reducing carbon emissions through CO2 capture is challenging the status quo in the way that we produce and consume energy and products. Renewable electricity can be leveraged to produce fuels and chemicals from CO2, offering sustainable routes to reduce the carbon intensity of our energy and products-driven economy. A number of approaches have been developed for the electron-driven reduction of CO2 to products, including both direct and indirect (via an energy carrier such as H2) pathways and spanning from electrochemical to biological to thermocatalytic conversion. While these approaches are at various stages of development, there are technical barriers related to each core conversion technology that need to be addressed in order to accelerate commercialization and drive the transition towards a circular carbon economy. In this perspective, we assess and characterize the top technical barriers for utilizing renewable electricity for CO2 reduction across five different conversion approaches (direct electrochemical, direct bioelectrochemical, direct non-thermal plasma, indirect bioelectrochemical, and indirect thermochemical) under state-of-technology conditions, outline the R&D needs to overcome each barrier, and identify the mostmore » promising C1–C3 hydrocarbons and oxygenates based on their relative ease of formation, economic viability, CO2 utilization potential, and energy storage capacity. Our analysis suggests, based on current reported states of technology, that indirect pathways paired with the formation of C1 products offer the most technically feasible approach for electron driven CO2 reduction in the near term. However, as we strive for longer carbon chain molecules, and as technologies continue to advance, there are a multitude of advantages and limitations to be considered for all five approaches.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
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  1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)
OSTI Identifier:
1578256
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1576021
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5100-74207
Journal ID: ISSN 1754-5692; EESNBY
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC36-08GO28308
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Energy & Environmental Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1754-5692
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY; CO2 utilization; electricity; electrocatalysis; circular carbon economy

Citation Formats

Grim, Robert, Huang, Zhe, Guarnieri, Michael T, Ferrell, Jack R, Tao, Ling, and Schaidle, Joshua A. Transforming the carbon economy: challenges and opportunities in the convergence of low-cost electricity and reductive CO2 utilization. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1039/C9EE02410G.
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Grim, Robert, Huang, Zhe, Guarnieri, Michael T, Ferrell, Jack R, Tao, Ling, & Schaidle, Joshua A. Transforming the carbon economy: challenges and opportunities in the convergence of low-cost electricity and reductive CO2 utilization. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE02410G
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Grim, Robert, Huang, Zhe, Guarnieri, Michael T, Ferrell, Jack R, Tao, Ling, and Schaidle, Joshua A. Fri . "Transforming the carbon economy: challenges and opportunities in the convergence of low-cost electricity and reductive CO2 utilization". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE02410G. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1578256.
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@article{osti_1578256,
title = {Transforming the carbon economy: challenges and opportunities in the convergence of low-cost electricity and reductive CO2 utilization},
author = {Grim, Robert and Huang, Zhe and Guarnieri, Michael T and Ferrell, Jack R and Tao, Ling and Schaidle, Joshua A},
abstractNote = {The increasing availability of renewable electricity at costs competitive with, and even lower than, electricity from fossil sources along with growing interest and recent technological advancements in reducing carbon emissions through CO2 capture is challenging the status quo in the way that we produce and consume energy and products. Renewable electricity can be leveraged to produce fuels and chemicals from CO2, offering sustainable routes to reduce the carbon intensity of our energy and products-driven economy. A number of approaches have been developed for the electron-driven reduction of CO2 to products, including both direct and indirect (via an energy carrier such as H2) pathways and spanning from electrochemical to biological to thermocatalytic conversion. While these approaches are at various stages of development, there are technical barriers related to each core conversion technology that need to be addressed in order to accelerate commercialization and drive the transition towards a circular carbon economy. In this perspective, we assess and characterize the top technical barriers for utilizing renewable electricity for CO2 reduction across five different conversion approaches (direct electrochemical, direct bioelectrochemical, direct non-thermal plasma, indirect bioelectrochemical, and indirect thermochemical) under state-of-technology conditions, outline the R&D needs to overcome each barrier, and identify the most promising C1–C3 hydrocarbons and oxygenates based on their relative ease of formation, economic viability, CO2 utilization potential, and energy storage capacity. Our analysis suggests, based on current reported states of technology, that indirect pathways paired with the formation of C1 products offer the most technically feasible approach for electron driven CO2 reduction in the near term. However, as we strive for longer carbon chain molecules, and as technologies continue to advance, there are a multitude of advantages and limitations to be considered for all five approaches.},
doi = {10.1039/C9EE02410G},
journal = {Energy & Environmental Science},
number = 2,
volume = 13,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Fri Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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Towards full one-pass conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol and methanol-derived products
journal, January 2014

Long-term Operation of Microbial Electrosynthesis Systems Improves Acetate Production by Autotrophic Microbiomes
journal, May 2013

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Effect of manganese on an iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst prepared from ferrous sulfate
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Progress and Perspective of Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction for Renewable Carbonaceous Fuels and Chemicals
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Carbon nanotube containing Ag catalyst layers for efficient and selective reduction of carbon dioxide
journal, January 2016

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Direct and selective hydrogenation of CO 2 to ethylene and propene by bifunctional catalysts
journal, January 2017

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Recent advances in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide
journal, January 2011

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Plasma methane conversion using dielectric-barrier discharges with zeolite A
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Oxidative Coupling and Reforming of Methane with Carbon Dioxide Using a High-Frequency Pulsed Plasma †
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Integrated Electromicrobial Conversion of CO2 to Higher Alcohols
journal, March 2012

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New and revisited insights into the promotion of methanol synthesis catalysts by CO2
journal, January 2013

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Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid utilizing Sustainion™ membranes
journal, July 2017

Continuous long-term electricity-driven bioproduction of carboxylates and isopropanol from CO 2 with a mixed microbial community
journal, July 2017

General Techno-Economic Analysis of CO 2 Electrolysis Systems
journal, February 2018

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Highly Dense Cu Nanowires for Low-Overpotential CO2 Reduction
journal, September 2015

CH4–CO2 reforming by plasma – challenges and opportunities
journal, April 2011

The Quest for Value-Added Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Chemical Kinetics Study
journal, November 2016

Current trends in enzymatic electrosynthesis for CO2 reduction
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Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on a Co/Al2O3 catalyst with CO2 containing syngas
journal, February 2009

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CO 2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface
journal, May 2018

Calculation for the cathode surface concentrations in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in KHCO3 solutions
journal, October 2005

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Selective Enrichment Establishes a Stable Performing Community for Microbial Electrosynthesis of Acetate from CO 2
journal, June 2015

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Microbial Electrosynthesis: Feeding Microbes Electricity To Convert Carbon Dioxide and Water to Multicarbon Extracellular Organic Compounds
journal, May 2010

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Enhancing CO2 electrolysis through synergistic control of non-stoichiometry and doping to tune cathode surface structures
journal, March 2017

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Towards membrane-electrode assembly systems for CO 2 reduction: a modeling study
journal, January 2019

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Routes to increase the conversion and the energy efficiency in the splitting of CO 2 by a dielectric barrier discharge
journal, January 2017

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CO 2 reduction on gas-diffusion electrodes and why catalytic performance must be assessed at commercially-relevant conditions
journal, January 2019

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Biological conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into liquid fuels and industrial chemicals
journal, June 2013

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Electrolytic CO 2 Reduction in a Flow Cell
journal, March 2018

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Electro-biocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to alcohols using gas diffusion electrode
journal, October 2018

A review of the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into value-added hydrocarbons
journal, January 2017

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Carbon Dioxide Conversion by Reverse Water–Gas Shift Chemical Looping on Perovskite-Type Oxides
journal, March 2014

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Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO 2 reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis
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Methane Conversion to Higher Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide Using Dielectric-Barrier Discharge Plasmas
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A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis
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CO2 reforming of methane by the combination of dielectric-barrier discharges and catalysis
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The Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water at Low Pressure
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Introduction to Plasma Physics
journal, October 1976

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  • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review
text, January 2016

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