This content will become publicly available on October 9, 2020
Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a multiwavelength study of the flat-spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017. We use radio-to-optical data obtained by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope, 15 GHz data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, 91 and 103 GHz data from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, near-infrared data from the Rapid Eye Monitor telescope, as well as data from the Swift (optical-UV and X-rays) and Fermi (γ-rays) satellites to study flux and spectral variability and the correlation between flux changes at different wavelengths. Unprecedented γ-ray flaring activity was observed during 2016 November–2017 February, with four major outbursts. A peak flux of (2158 ± 63) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1, corresponding to a luminosity of (2.2 ± 0.1) × 1050 erg s−1, was reached on 2016 December 28. These four γ-ray outbursts have corresponding events in the near-infrared, optical, and UV bands, with the peaks observed at the same time. A general agreement between X-ray and γ-ray activity is found. The γ-ray flux variations show a general, strong correlation with the optical ones with no time lag between the two bands and a comparable variability amplitude. This γ-ray/optical relationship is in agreement with the geometrical model that has successfully explained the low-energy flux and spectral behaviour, suggesting that the long-term fluxmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[8];
[7];
more »
- INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via P. Torinese, I- Torino, Italy
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain, Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny 298409, Russia
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain, Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain, INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, E-38712 La Palma, Spain
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Astronomy, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Osservatorio Astronomico della Regione Autonoma Valle d’Aosta, I-11020 Nus, Italy
- INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, E-38712 La Palma, Spain, EPT Observatories, Tijarafe, E-38780 La Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D–53121 Bonn, Germany
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
- Astronomical Observatory, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Maidanak Observatory, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies, Ireland
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia, Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia
- NNLOT, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan, Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia, Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory, Kazan Federal University, 422526 Tatarstan, Russia, Landessternwarte, Zentrum fr Astronomie der Universitt Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany, Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland, Aalto University Dept of Electronics and Nanoengineering, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St. Petersburg, Russia, Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
- UCD School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Michael Adrian Observatorium, Astronomie Stiftung Trebur, D-65468 Trebur, Germany, University of Applied Sciences, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, D-61169 Friedberg, Germany
- Command Module Observatory, Tempe AZ, USA
- Nordic Optical Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Osservatorio Astronomico Sirio, I-70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
- Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 85751, USA
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
- Instituto de Radio Astronomía Milimétrica, E-18012 Granada, Spain
- (
- Finnish Center for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland, Aalto University Metshovi Radio Observatory, Metshovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
- Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Departamento de Astronoma, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420044, Russia
- Special Astrophysical Observatory of RAS, Nizhnij Arkhyz 369167, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420044, Russia, Special Astrophysical Observatory of RAS, Nizhnij Arkhyz 369167, Russia
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1576016
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 490 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
D’Ammando, F., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Agudo, I., Arkharov, A. A., Bachev, R., Baida, G. V., Benítez, E., Borman, G. A., Boschin, W., Bozhilov, V., Butuzova, M. S., Calcidese, P., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Castro-Segura, N., Chen, W-P, Damljanovic, G., Di Paola, A., Echevarría, J., Efimova, N. V., Ehgamberdiev, Sh A., Espinosa, C., Fuentes, A., Giunta, A., Gómez, J. L., Grishina, T. S., Gurwell, M. A., Hiriart, D., Jermak, H., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kuratov, K., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Lázaro, C., Lin, C. S., Malmrose, M. P., Marscher, A. P., Matsumoto, K., McBreen, B., Michel, R., Mihov, B., Minev, M., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Molina, S. N., Moody, J. W., Morozova, D. A., Nazarov, S. V., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ohlert, J. M., Okhmat, N., Ovcharov, E., Pinna, F., Polakis, T. A., Protasio, C., Pursimo, T., Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J., Rizzi, N., Rodriguez-Coira, G., Sadakane, K., Sadun, A. C., Samal, M. R., Savchenko, S. S., Semkov, E., Sigua, L., Skiff, B. A., Slavcheva-Mihova, L., Smith, P. S., Steele, I. A., Strigachev, A., Tammi, J., Thum, C., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Yu V., Troitsky, I. S., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., the WEBT Collaboration), Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Pearson, T. J., the OVRO Team), Mufakharov, T., Sotnikova, Yu V., and Mingaliev, M. G. Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017. United Kingdom: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2792.
D’Ammando, F., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Agudo, I., Arkharov, A. A., Bachev, R., Baida, G. V., Benítez, E., Borman, G. A., Boschin, W., Bozhilov, V., Butuzova, M. S., Calcidese, P., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Castro-Segura, N., Chen, W-P, Damljanovic, G., Di Paola, A., Echevarría, J., Efimova, N. V., Ehgamberdiev, Sh A., Espinosa, C., Fuentes, A., Giunta, A., Gómez, J. L., Grishina, T. S., Gurwell, M. A., Hiriart, D., Jermak, H., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kuratov, K., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Lázaro, C., Lin, C. S., Malmrose, M. P., Marscher, A. P., Matsumoto, K., McBreen, B., Michel, R., Mihov, B., Minev, M., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Molina, S. N., Moody, J. W., Morozova, D. A., Nazarov, S. V., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ohlert, J. M., Okhmat, N., Ovcharov, E., Pinna, F., Polakis, T. A., Protasio, C., Pursimo, T., Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J., Rizzi, N., Rodriguez-Coira, G., Sadakane, K., Sadun, A. C., Samal, M. R., Savchenko, S. S., Semkov, E., Sigua, L., Skiff, B. A., Slavcheva-Mihova, L., Smith, P. S., Steele, I. A., Strigachev, A., Tammi, J., Thum, C., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Yu V., Troitsky, I. S., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., the WEBT Collaboration), Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Pearson, T. J., the OVRO Team), Mufakharov, T., Sotnikova, Yu V., & Mingaliev, M. G. Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017. United Kingdom. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2792.
D’Ammando, F., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Agudo, I., Arkharov, A. A., Bachev, R., Baida, G. V., Benítez, E., Borman, G. A., Boschin, W., Bozhilov, V., Butuzova, M. S., Calcidese, P., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Castro-Segura, N., Chen, W-P, Damljanovic, G., Di Paola, A., Echevarría, J., Efimova, N. V., Ehgamberdiev, Sh A., Espinosa, C., Fuentes, A., Giunta, A., Gómez, J. L., Grishina, T. S., Gurwell, M. A., Hiriart, D., Jermak, H., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kuratov, K., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Lázaro, C., Lin, C. S., Malmrose, M. P., Marscher, A. P., Matsumoto, K., McBreen, B., Michel, R., Mihov, B., Minev, M., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Molina, S. N., Moody, J. W., Morozova, D. A., Nazarov, S. V., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ohlert, J. M., Okhmat, N., Ovcharov, E., Pinna, F., Polakis, T. A., Protasio, C., Pursimo, T., Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J., Rizzi, N., Rodriguez-Coira, G., Sadakane, K., Sadun, A. C., Samal, M. R., Savchenko, S. S., Semkov, E., Sigua, L., Skiff, B. A., Slavcheva-Mihova, L., Smith, P. S., Steele, I. A., Strigachev, A., Tammi, J., Thum, C., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Yu V., Troitsky, I. S., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., the WEBT Collaboration), Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Pearson, T. J., the OVRO Team), Mufakharov, T., Sotnikova, Yu V., and Mingaliev, M. G. Wed .
"Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017". United Kingdom. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2792.
@article{osti_1576016,
title = {Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017},
author = {D’Ammando, F. and Raiteri, C. M. and Villata, M. and Acosta-Pulido, J. A. and Agudo, I. and Arkharov, A. A. and Bachev, R. and Baida, G. V. and Benítez, E. and Borman, G. A. and Boschin, W. and Bozhilov, V. and Butuzova, M. S. and Calcidese, P. and Carnerero, M. I. and Carosati, D. and Casadio, C. and Castro-Segura, N. and Chen, W-P and Damljanovic, G. and Di Paola, A. and Echevarría, J. and Efimova, N. V. and Ehgamberdiev, Sh A. and Espinosa, C. and Fuentes, A. and Giunta, A. and Gómez, J. L. and Grishina, T. S. and Gurwell, M. A. and Hiriart, D. and Jermak, H. and Jordan, B. and Jorstad, S. G. and Joshi, M. and Kimeridze, G. N. and Kopatskaya, E. N. and Kuratov, K. and Kurtanidze, O. M. and Kurtanidze, S. O. and Lähteenmäki, A. and Larionov, V. M. and Larionova, E. G. and Larionova, L. V. and Lázaro, C. and Lin, C. S. and Malmrose, M. P. and Marscher, A. P. and Matsumoto, K. and McBreen, B. and Michel, R. and Mihov, B. and Minev, M. and Mirzaqulov, D. O. and Molina, S. N. and Moody, J. W. and Morozova, D. A. and Nazarov, S. V. and Nikiforova, A. A. and Nikolashvili, M. G. and Ohlert, J. M. and Okhmat, N. and Ovcharov, E. and Pinna, F. and Polakis, T. A. and Protasio, C. and Pursimo, T. and Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J. and Rizzi, N. and Rodriguez-Coira, G. and Sadakane, K. and Sadun, A. C. and Samal, M. R. and Savchenko, S. S. and Semkov, E. and Sigua, L. and Skiff, B. A. and Slavcheva-Mihova, L. and Smith, P. S. and Steele, I. A. and Strigachev, A. and Tammi, J. and Thum, C. and Tornikoski, M. and Troitskaya, Yu V. and Troitsky, I. S. and Vasilyev, A. A. and Vince, O. and the WEBT Collaboration) and Hovatta, T. and Kiehlmann, S. and Max-Moerbeck, W. and Readhead, A. C. S. and Reeves, R. and Pearson, T. J. and the OVRO Team) and Mufakharov, T. and Sotnikova, Yu V. and Mingaliev, M. G.},
abstractNote = {ABSTRACT We present a multiwavelength study of the flat-spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017. We use radio-to-optical data obtained by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope, 15 GHz data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, 91 and 103 GHz data from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, near-infrared data from the Rapid Eye Monitor telescope, as well as data from the Swift (optical-UV and X-rays) and Fermi (γ-rays) satellites to study flux and spectral variability and the correlation between flux changes at different wavelengths. Unprecedented γ-ray flaring activity was observed during 2016 November–2017 February, with four major outbursts. A peak flux of (2158 ± 63) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1, corresponding to a luminosity of (2.2 ± 0.1) × 1050 erg s−1, was reached on 2016 December 28. These four γ-ray outbursts have corresponding events in the near-infrared, optical, and UV bands, with the peaks observed at the same time. A general agreement between X-ray and γ-ray activity is found. The γ-ray flux variations show a general, strong correlation with the optical ones with no time lag between the two bands and a comparable variability amplitude. This γ-ray/optical relationship is in agreement with the geometrical model that has successfully explained the low-energy flux and spectral behaviour, suggesting that the long-term flux variations are mainly due to changes in the Doppler factor produced by variations of the viewing angle of the emitting regions. The difference in behaviour between radio and higher energy emission would be ascribed to different viewing angles of the jet regions producing their emission.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz2792},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 490,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {2019},
month = {10}
}
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