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Title: ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Properties of the 2018 Sample

Abstract

Early-time observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are essential to constrain the properties of their progenitors. In this paper, we present high-quality light curves of 127 SNe Ia discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) in 2018. We describe our method to perform forced point-spread function photometry, which can be applied to other types of extragalactic transients. With a planned cadence of six observations per night (three g + three r), all of the 127 SNe Ia are detected in both g and r bands more than 10 days (in the rest frame) prior to the epoch of g-band maximum light. The redshifts of these objects range from z = 0.0181 to 0.165; the median redshift is 0.074. Among the 127 SNe, 50 are detected at least 14 days prior to maximum light (in the rest frame), with a subset of nine objects being detected more than 17 days before g-band peak. This is the largest sample of young SNe Ia collected to date; it can be used to study the shape and color evolution of the rising light curves in unprecedented detail. We discuss six peculiar events in this sample: one 02cx-like event ZTF18abclfee (SN 2018crl), one Ia-CSMmore » SN ZTF18aaykjei (SN 2018cxk), and four objects with possible super-Chandrasekhar mass progenitors: ZTF18abhpgje (SN 2018eul), ZTF18abdpvnd (SN 2018dvf), ZTF18aawpcel (SN 2018cir), and ZTF18abddmrf (SN 2018dsx).« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [5];  [1]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [3];  [8]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [1];  [3]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [1] more »; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [13]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [14]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [15]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [16]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [17]; ORCiD logo [16];  [18]; ORCiD logo [1] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Cahill Center for Astrophysics
  2. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA); Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL (United States)
  3. Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre
  4. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)
  5. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  6. Radboud Univ., Nijmegen (The Netherlands)
  7. Univ. Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand (France). Lab. de Physique de Clermont
  8. Humboldt-Univ. zu Berlin, Berlin (Germany). Inst. of Physics
  9. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). DIRAC Inst.
  10. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Joint Space-Science Inst.
  11. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  12. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  13. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
  14. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
  15. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Theoretical Physics
  16. Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United States). Astrophysics Research Inst.
  17. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics
  18. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Cahill Center for Astrophysics, and Caltech Optical Observatories
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
Contributing Org.:
National Science Foundation (NSF); Swedish Research Council; European Research Council (ERC)
OSTI Identifier:
1574356
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; 1545949; 759194-USNAC; DGE1144469; 1106171; AST-1440341
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 886; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Yao, Yuhan, Miller, Adam A., Kulkarni, S. R., Bulla, Mattia, Masci, Frank J., Goldstein, Daniel A., Goobar, Ariel, Nugent, Peter, Dugas, Alison, Blagorodnova, Nadia, Neill, James D., Rigault, Mickael, Sollerman, Jesper, Nordin, J., Bellm, Eric C., Cenko, S. Bradley, De, Kishalay, Dhawan, Suhail, Feindt, Ulrich, Fremling, C., Gatkine, Pradip, Graham, Matthew J., Graham, Melissa L., Ho, Anna Y. Q., Hung, T., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Kupfer, Thomas, Laher, Russ R., Perley, Daniel A., Rusholme, Ben, Shupe, David L., Soumagnac, Maayane T., Taggart, K., Walters, Richard, and Yan, Lin. ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Properties of the 2018 Sample. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4cf5.
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Yao, Yuhan, Miller, Adam A., Kulkarni, S. R., Bulla, Mattia, Masci, Frank J., Goldstein, Daniel A., Goobar, Ariel, Nugent, Peter, Dugas, Alison, Blagorodnova, Nadia, Neill, James D., Rigault, Mickael, Sollerman, Jesper, Nordin, J., Bellm, Eric C., Cenko, S. Bradley, De, Kishalay, Dhawan, Suhail, Feindt, Ulrich, Fremling, C., Gatkine, Pradip, Graham, Matthew J., Graham, Melissa L., Ho, Anna Y. Q., Hung, T., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Kupfer, Thomas, Laher, Russ R., Perley, Daniel A., Rusholme, Ben, Shupe, David L., Soumagnac, Maayane T., Taggart, K., Walters, Richard, & Yan, Lin. ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Properties of the 2018 Sample. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4cf5
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Yao, Yuhan, Miller, Adam A., Kulkarni, S. R., Bulla, Mattia, Masci, Frank J., Goldstein, Daniel A., Goobar, Ariel, Nugent, Peter, Dugas, Alison, Blagorodnova, Nadia, Neill, James D., Rigault, Mickael, Sollerman, Jesper, Nordin, J., Bellm, Eric C., Cenko, S. Bradley, De, Kishalay, Dhawan, Suhail, Feindt, Ulrich, Fremling, C., Gatkine, Pradip, Graham, Matthew J., Graham, Melissa L., Ho, Anna Y. Q., Hung, T., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Kupfer, Thomas, Laher, Russ R., Perley, Daniel A., Rusholme, Ben, Shupe, David L., Soumagnac, Maayane T., Taggart, K., Walters, Richard, and Yan, Lin. Tue . "ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Properties of the 2018 Sample". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4cf5. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574356.
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@article{osti_1574356,
title = {ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Properties of the 2018 Sample},
author = {Yao, Yuhan and Miller, Adam A. and Kulkarni, S. R. and Bulla, Mattia and Masci, Frank J. and Goldstein, Daniel A. and Goobar, Ariel and Nugent, Peter and Dugas, Alison and Blagorodnova, Nadia and Neill, James D. and Rigault, Mickael and Sollerman, Jesper and Nordin, J. and Bellm, Eric C. and Cenko, S. Bradley and De, Kishalay and Dhawan, Suhail and Feindt, Ulrich and Fremling, C. and Gatkine, Pradip and Graham, Matthew J. and Graham, Melissa L. and Ho, Anna Y. Q. and Hung, T. and Kasliwal, Mansi M. and Kupfer, Thomas and Laher, Russ R. and Perley, Daniel A. and Rusholme, Ben and Shupe, David L. and Soumagnac, Maayane T. and Taggart, K. and Walters, Richard and Yan, Lin},
abstractNote = {Early-time observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are essential to constrain the properties of their progenitors. In this paper, we present high-quality light curves of 127 SNe Ia discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) in 2018. We describe our method to perform forced point-spread function photometry, which can be applied to other types of extragalactic transients. With a planned cadence of six observations per night (three g + three r), all of the 127 SNe Ia are detected in both g and r bands more than 10 days (in the rest frame) prior to the epoch of g-band maximum light. The redshifts of these objects range from z = 0.0181 to 0.165; the median redshift is 0.074. Among the 127 SNe, 50 are detected at least 14 days prior to maximum light (in the rest frame), with a subset of nine objects being detected more than 17 days before g-band peak. This is the largest sample of young SNe Ia collected to date; it can be used to study the shape and color evolution of the rising light curves in unprecedented detail. We discuss six peculiar events in this sample: one 02cx-like event ZTF18abclfee (SN 2018crl), one Ia-CSM SN ZTF18aaykjei (SN 2018cxk), and four objects with possible super-Chandrasekhar mass progenitors: ZTF18abhpgje (SN 2018eul), ZTF18abdpvnd (SN 2018dvf), ZTF18aawpcel (SN 2018cir), and ZTF18abddmrf (SN 2018dsx).},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab4cf5},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 886,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 03 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Tue Dec 03 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011

SALT2: using distant supernovae to improve the use of type Ia supernovae as distance indicators
journal, February 2007

Supernova SN 2011fe from an exploding carbon–oxygen white dwarf star
journal, December 2011

  • Nugent, Peter E.; Sullivan, Mark; Cenko, S. Bradley
  • Nature, Vol. 480, Issue 7377
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Binaries and Supernovae of Type I
journal, December 1973

  • Whelan, John; Iben, Icko, Jr.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 186
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Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
journal, September 2007

  • Blondin, Stephane; Tonry, John L.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 666, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/520494

The Zwicky Transient Facility Camera
conference, August 2016

  • Dekany, Richard; Smith, Roger M.; Belicki, Justin
  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
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CfA3: 185 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA LIGHT CURVES FROM THE CfA
journal, July 2009

CONSTRAINTS ON SHALLOW 56 Ni FROM THE EARLY LIGHT CURVES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
journal, March 2014

THE CARNEGIE SUPERNOVA PROJECT: SECOND PHOTOMETRY DATA RELEASE OF LOW-REDSHIFT TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
journal, October 2011

  • Stritzinger, Maximilian D.; Phillips, M. M.; Boldt, Luis N.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 142, Issue 5
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A review of type Ia supernova spectra
journal, February 2014

  • Parrent, J.; Friesen, B.; Parthasarathy, M.
  • Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 351, Issue 1
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Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Bayesian Data Analysis in Astronomy
journal, August 2017

Fully automated integral field spectrograph pipeline for the SEDMachine: pysedm
journal, July 2019

Early light curves for Type Ia supernova explosion models
journal, August 2017

  • Noebauer, U. M.; Kromer, M.; Taubenberger, S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 472, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx2093

Carnegie Supernova Project-II: Extending the Near-infrared Hubble Diagram for Type Ia Supernovae to z ∼ 0.1
journal, November 2018

  • Phillips, M. M.; Contreras, Carlos; Hsiao, E. Y.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 995
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Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples
journal, August 2014

CfA3: 185 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA LIGHT CURVES FROM THE CfA
text, January 2009

  • Mark, Everett,; Kyle, Smalley,; Diab, Jerius,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
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NTT and NOT spectroscopy of SDSS-II supernovae
journal, December 2010

The Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey
journal, May 2018

  • Sako, Masao; Bassett, Bruce; Becker, Andrew C.
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The type Ia supernova SNLS-03D3bb from a super-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf star
journal, September 2006

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  • Nature, Vol. 443, Issue 7109
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The Zwicky Transient Facility Alert Distribution System
journal, November 2018

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The Zwicky Transient Facility: Surveys and Scheduler
journal, April 2019

  • Bellm, Eric C.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Barlow, Tom
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 1000
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The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
journal, December 2018

  • Bellm, Eric C.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Graham, Matthew J.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 995
  • DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/aaecbe

K2 Observations of SN 2018oh Reveal a Two-component Rising Light Curve for a Type Ia Supernova
journal, December 2018

Progenitors of type Ia supernovae
journal, June 2012

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Technical Summary
text, January 2007

Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
text, January 2007

Early phase observations of extremely luminous Type Ia Supernova 2009dc
text, January 2009

The Carnegie Supernova Project: First Photometry Data Release of Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
text, January 2009

The Carnegie Supernova Project: Second Photometry Data Release of Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
text, January 2011

A Compact Degenerate Primary-Star Progenitor of SN 2011fe
text, January 2011

The Low-Velocity, Rapidly Fading Type Ia Supernova 2002es
text, January 2012

The Spectroscopic Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae
text, January 2012

CfA4: Light Curves for 94 Type Ia Supernovae
text, January 2012

PTF11kx: A Type-Ia Supernova with a Symbiotic Nova Progenitor
text, January 2012

Type Iax Supernovae: A New Class of Stellar Explosion
text, January 2012

Constraints on the explosion mechanism and progenitors of type Ia supernovae
text, January 2013

Observational clues to the progenitors of Type-Ia supernovae
text, January 2013

The Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey
text, January 2014

The rise of SN2014J in the nearby galaxy M82
text, January 2014

Slow-Speed Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Two Channels
text, January 2014

Constraints on the origin of the first light from SN2014J
text, January 2014

The Rising Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae
text, January 2014

Strong Ultraviolet Pulse From a Newborn Type Ia Supernova
text, January 2015

Exploring the Potential Diversity of Early Type Ia Supernova Light Curves
text, January 2015

Proper image subtraction - optimal transient detection, photometry and hypothesis testing
text, January 2016

A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant
text, January 2016

Progenitors of type Ia supernovae
text, January 2016

Early Blue Excess from the Type Ia Supernova 2017cbv and Implications for Its Progenitor
text, January 2017

The Foundation Supernova Survey: Motivation, Design, Implementation, and First Data Release
text, January 2017

Type Ia Supernovae in the First Few Days: Signatures of Helium Detonation versus Interaction
text, January 2018

The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive
text, January 2019

The GROWTH Marshal: A Dynamic Science Portal for Time-Domain Astronomy
text, January 2019

The Zwicky Transient Facility Alert Distribution System
text, January 2019

A Fully Automated Integral Field Spectrograph Pipeline for the SEDMachine: pysedm
text, January 2019

A High Intrinsic Peculiarity Rate Among Type Ia Supernovae
text, January 2000

Nearby Supernova Factory Observations of SN 2005gj: Another Type Ia Supernova in a Massive Circumstellar Envelope
text, January 2006

The type Ia supernova SNLS-03D3bb from a super-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf star
text, January 2006

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