Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO x using DC glow discharge in air

Pei, Xuekai; Gidon, Dogan; Graves, David B.

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab5095

Title: Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO _x using DC glow discharge in air

Abstract

Abstract We report on factors influencing the specific energy costs of producing NO _x from pin-to-pin DC glow discharges in air at atmospheric pressure. Discharge current, gap distance, gas flowrate, exterior tube wall temperature and the presence and position of activated Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst powder were examined. The presence of heated catalyst adjacent to the plasma zone improved energy efficiency by as much as 20% at low flows, but the most energy efficient conditions were found at the highest flowrates that allowed a stable discharge (about 10–15 l min ⁻¹ ). Under these conditions, the catalyst had no effect on efficiency in the present study. The lowest specific energy cost was observed to be between about 200–250 GJ/tN. The transport of active chemical species and energy are likely key factors controlling the specific energy costs of NO _x production in the presence of a catalyst. Air plasma device design and operating conditions must ensure that plasma-generated active intermediate chemical species transport is optimally coupled with catalytically active surfaces.

Authors:

;

Publication Date:: Mon Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2019

Research Org.:: Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1573854

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1801513

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001934

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Journal Volume: 53 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3727

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats


                    Pei, Xuekai, Gidon, Dogan, and Graves, David B. Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO x using DC glow discharge in air.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab5095.

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                    Pei, Xuekai, Gidon, Dogan, & Graves, David B. Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO x using DC glow discharge in air.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab5095

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                    Pei, Xuekai, Gidon, Dogan, and Graves, David B. Mon .  
"Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO x using DC glow discharge in air".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab5095.

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@article{osti_1573854,

  title        = {Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO x using DC glow discharge in air},

  author       = {Pei, Xuekai and Gidon, Dogan and Graves, David B.},

  abstractNote = {Abstract We report on factors influencing the specific energy costs of producing NO x from pin-to-pin DC glow discharges in air at atmospheric pressure. Discharge current, gap distance, gas flowrate, exterior tube wall temperature and the presence and position of activated Al 2 O 3 catalyst powder were examined. The presence of heated catalyst adjacent to the plasma zone improved energy efficiency by as much as 20% at low flows, but the most energy efficient conditions were found at the highest flowrates that allowed a stable discharge (about 10–15 l min −1 ). Under these conditions, the catalyst had no effect on efficiency in the present study. The lowest specific energy cost was observed to be between about 200–250 GJ/tN. The transport of active chemical species and energy are likely key factors controlling the specific energy costs of NO x production in the presence of a catalyst. Air plasma device design and operating conditions must ensure that plasma-generated active intermediate chemical species transport is optimally coupled with catalytically active surfaces.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6463/ab5095},

  journal      = {Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 53,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {Mon Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2019},

  month        = {Mon Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2019}

}

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Title: Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO x using DC glow discharge in air

Abstract

Citation Formats

Optical diagnostics of atmospheric pressure air plasmas journal, February 2003

Nitric oxide production by simulated lightning: Dependence on current, energy, and pressure journal, August 1998

Ambient Temperature Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x Using Atmospheric Pressure Nonthermal Plasma Activation of a Ag/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst journal, December 2013

Processus catalytiques dans un réacteur à plasma hors d'équilibre II. Fixation de l'azote dans le système N2-O2 journal, January 1980

Ammonia Synthesis by Radio Frequency Plasma Catalysis: Revealing the Underlying Mechanisms journal, August 2018

Heterogeneous catalysis in low-pressure plasmas journal, November 1986

Ammonia Synthesis on Wool-Like Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, or Cu Electrode Catalysts in Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma of N 2 and H 2 journal, September 2017

A review of the existing and alternative methods for greener nitrogen fixation journal, April 2015

Direct-current glow discharges in atmospheric pressure air plasmas journal, March 2002

DC Glow Discharges in Atmospheric Pressure Air journal, January 2004

Biologically Active NO x Production By Nano-Second Pin-Plate Discharge In Air journal, February 2018

Propeller arc: design and basic characteristics journal, December 2018

Reactive Nitrogen and The World: 200 Years of Change journal, March 2002

Active stabilization of low-current arc discharges in atmospheric-pressure air journal, December 2006

Improving the Efficiency of Organic Fertilizer and Nitrogen Use via Air Plasma and Distributed Renewable Energy journal, January 2015

Production of nitric oxide using a pulsed arc discharge journal, October 2002

Emission spectroscopy of atmospheric pressure plasmas for bio-medical and environmental applications journal, June 2007

Low temperature plasma-catalytic NO x synthesis in a packed DBD reactor: Effect of support materials and supported active metal oxides journal, October 2016

Plasma Activated Organic Fertilizer journal, November 2018

Reducing energy cost of NO production in air plasmas journal, April 2019

Kinetics of excited states and radicals in a nanosecond pulse discharge and afterglow in nitrogen and air journal, August 2014

Nitric Oxide Generation with an Air Operated Non-Thermal Plasma Jet and Associated Microbial Inactivation Mechanisms: NO Generation with an Air Operated Non-Thermal Plasma Jet … journal, August 2014

Analysis of the power budget and stability of high-pressure nonequilibrium air plasmas conference, February 2013

Nitric Oxide Generator Based on Pulsed Arc Discharge journal, June 2009

Lightning: Estimates of the rates of energy dissipation and nitrogen fixation journal, January 1984

How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world journal, September 2008

The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source journal, January 2007

Low-Current Plasmatron as a Source of Nitrogen Oxide Molecules journal, November 2012

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling journal, April 2017

Developing more sustainable processes for ammonia synthesis journal, September 2013

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Temperature and Nitric Oxide Generation in a Pulsed Arc Discharge Plasma journal, December 2007

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Energy cost improvement of the nitrogen oxides synthesis in a low pressure plasma journal, January 1984

Quenching of air plasma effluents journal, December 1982

Transcutaneous plasma stress: From soft-matter models to living tissues journal, October 2019

NO x Production in Lightning journal, January 1977

Title: Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as NO _x using DC glow discharge in air

Optical diagnostics of atmospheric pressure air plasmas
journal, February 2003

Nitric oxide production by simulated lightning: Dependence on current, energy, and pressure
journal, August 1998

Ambient Temperature Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO _x Using Atmospheric Pressure Nonthermal Plasma Activation of a Ag/Al ₂ O ₃ Catalyst
journal, December 2013

Processus catalytiques dans un réacteur à plasma hors d'équilibre II. Fixation de l'azote dans le système N2-O2
journal, January 1980

Ammonia Synthesis by Radio Frequency Plasma Catalysis: Revealing the Underlying Mechanisms
journal, August 2018

Heterogeneous catalysis in low-pressure plasmas
journal, November 1986

Ammonia Synthesis on Wool-Like Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, or Cu Electrode Catalysts in Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma of N ₂ and H ₂
journal, September 2017

A review of the existing and alternative methods for greener nitrogen fixation
journal, April 2015

Direct-current glow discharges in atmospheric pressure air plasmas
journal, March 2002

DC Glow Discharges in Atmospheric Pressure Air
journal, January 2004

Biologically Active NO x Production By Nano-Second Pin-Plate Discharge In Air
journal, February 2018

Propeller arc: design and basic characteristics
journal, December 2018

Reactive Nitrogen and The World: 200 Years of Change
journal, March 2002

Active stabilization of low-current arc discharges in atmospheric-pressure air
journal, December 2006

Improving the Efficiency of Organic Fertilizer and Nitrogen Use via Air Plasma and Distributed Renewable Energy
journal, January 2015

Production of nitric oxide using a pulsed arc discharge
journal, October 2002

Emission spectroscopy of atmospheric pressure plasmas for bio-medical and environmental applications
journal, June 2007

Low temperature plasma-catalytic NO x synthesis in a packed DBD reactor: Effect of support materials and supported active metal oxides
journal, October 2016

Plasma Activated Organic Fertilizer
journal, November 2018

Reducing energy cost of NO production in air plasmas
journal, April 2019

Kinetics of excited states and radicals in a nanosecond pulse discharge and afterglow in nitrogen and air
journal, August 2014

Nitric Oxide Generation with an Air Operated Non-Thermal Plasma Jet and Associated Microbial Inactivation Mechanisms: NO Generation with an Air Operated Non-Thermal Plasma Jet …
journal, August 2014

Analysis of the power budget and stability of high-pressure nonequilibrium air plasmas
conference, February 2013

Nitric Oxide Generator Based on Pulsed Arc Discharge
journal, June 2009

Lightning: Estimates of the rates of energy dissipation and nitrogen fixation
journal, January 1984

How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world
journal, September 2008

The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source
journal, January 2007

Low-Current Plasmatron as a Source of Nitrogen Oxide Molecules
journal, November 2012

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling
journal, April 2017

Developing more sustainable processes for ammonia synthesis
journal, September 2013

Plasma Nitrogen Oxides Synthesis in a Milli-Scale Gliding Arc Reactor: Investigating the Electrical and Process Parameters
journal, October 2015

Temperature and Nitric Oxide Generation in a Pulsed Arc Discharge Plasma
journal, December 2007

Generation of Antimicrobial NOx by Atmospheric Air Transient Spark Discharge
journal, January 2016

Nitric Oxide Production by High Voltage Electrical Discharges for Medical Uses: A Review
journal, March 2016

Beyond fossil fuel–driven nitrogen transformations
journal, May 2018

Mitigation of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane emissions from manure management chains: a meta-analysis and integrated assessment
journal, December 2014

Energy cost improvement of the nitrogen oxides synthesis in a low pressure plasma
journal, January 1984

Quenching of air plasma effluents
journal, December 1982

Transcutaneous plasma stress: From soft-matter models to living tissues
journal, October 2019

NO _x Production in Lightning
journal, January 1977