Utilizing the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory to Understand Particle Injections: Their Scale Sizes and Propagation Directions
Abstract
The injection region's formation, scale size, and propagation direction have been debated throughout the years, with new questions arising with increased plasma sheet observations by missions like Cluster and THEMIS. How do temporally and spatially smallscale injections relate to the larger injections historically observed at geosynchronous orbit? How to account for opposing propagation directions—earthward, tailward, and azimuthal—observed by different studies? To address these questions, we used a combination of multisatellite and ground–based observations to knit together a cohesive story explaining injection formation, propagation, and differing spatial scales and timescales. We used a case study to put statistics into context. First, fast earthward flows with embedded small–scale dipolarizing flux bundles transport both magnetic flux and energetic particles earthward, resulting in minutes–long injection signatures. Next, a large–scale injection propagates azimuthally and poleward/tailward, observed in situ as enhanced flux and on the ground in the riometer signal. The large–scale dipolarization propagates in a similar direction and speed as the large–scale electron injection. We suggest small–scale injections result from earthward–propagating, small–scale dipolarizing flux bundles, which rapidly contribute to the large–scale dipolarization. We suggest the large–scale dipolarization is the source of the large–scale electron injection region, such that as dipolarization expands, so does the injection.more »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[2];
[1];
[1];
[3];
[4];
[1];
- Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Boston Univ., MA (United States)
- The Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA (United States)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA
- Univ. of Calgary, Alberta (Canada)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1572321
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-18-25091
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380; TRN: US2001273
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 124; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Heliospheric and Magnetospheric Physics; injections; dipolarization; substorms; injection propagation; particle transport; magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling
Citation Formats
Gabrielse, Christine, Angelopoulos, Vassilis, Artemyev, Anton, Nishimura, Yukitoshi, Runov, Andrei, Lyons, Larry, Turner, Drew L., Reeves, Geoffrey D., McPherron, Robert, Donovan, Eric, and Spanswick, Emma. Utilizing the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory to Understand Particle Injections: Their Scale Sizes and Propagation Directions. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1029/2018JA025588.
Gabrielse, Christine, Angelopoulos, Vassilis, Artemyev, Anton, Nishimura, Yukitoshi, Runov, Andrei, Lyons, Larry, Turner, Drew L., Reeves, Geoffrey D., McPherron, Robert, Donovan, Eric, & Spanswick, Emma. Utilizing the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory to Understand Particle Injections: Their Scale Sizes and Propagation Directions. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025588
Gabrielse, Christine, Angelopoulos, Vassilis, Artemyev, Anton, Nishimura, Yukitoshi, Runov, Andrei, Lyons, Larry, Turner, Drew L., Reeves, Geoffrey D., McPherron, Robert, Donovan, Eric, and Spanswick, Emma. Sat .
"Utilizing the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory to Understand Particle Injections: Their Scale Sizes and Propagation Directions". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025588. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1572321.
@article{osti_1572321,
title = {Utilizing the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory to Understand Particle Injections: Their Scale Sizes and Propagation Directions},
author = {Gabrielse, Christine and Angelopoulos, Vassilis and Artemyev, Anton and Nishimura, Yukitoshi and Runov, Andrei and Lyons, Larry and Turner, Drew L. and Reeves, Geoffrey D. and McPherron, Robert and Donovan, Eric and Spanswick, Emma},
abstractNote = {The injection region's formation, scale size, and propagation direction have been debated throughout the years, with new questions arising with increased plasma sheet observations by missions like Cluster and THEMIS. How do temporally and spatially smallscale injections relate to the larger injections historically observed at geosynchronous orbit? How to account for opposing propagation directions—earthward, tailward, and azimuthal—observed by different studies? To address these questions, we used a combination of multisatellite and ground–based observations to knit together a cohesive story explaining injection formation, propagation, and differing spatial scales and timescales. We used a case study to put statistics into context. First, fast earthward flows with embedded small–scale dipolarizing flux bundles transport both magnetic flux and energetic particles earthward, resulting in minutes–long injection signatures. Next, a large–scale injection propagates azimuthally and poleward/tailward, observed in situ as enhanced flux and on the ground in the riometer signal. The large–scale dipolarization propagates in a similar direction and speed as the large–scale electron injection. We suggest small–scale injections result from earthward–propagating, small–scale dipolarizing flux bundles, which rapidly contribute to the large–scale dipolarization. We suggest the large–scale dipolarization is the source of the large–scale electron injection region, such that as dipolarization expands, so does the injection. Here, the >90–keV ion flux increased and decreased with the plasma flow, which died at the satellites as global dipolarization engulfed them. We suggest the ion injection region at these energies in the plasma sheet is better organized by the plasma flow.},
doi = {10.1029/2018JA025588},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics},
number = 7,
volume = 124,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jul 06 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Sat Jul 06 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Magnetotail dipolarization fronts and particle acceleration: A review
journal, December 2019
- Fu, Huishan; Grigorenko, Elena E.; Gabrielse, Christine
- Science China Earth Sciences, Vol. 63, Issue 2
Figures / Tables found in this record:
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.