Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Ethers for Use as Fuels and Lubricants

Rorrer, Julie E.; Bell, Alexis T.; Toste, F. Dean

doi:10.1002/cssc.201900535

Title: Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Ethers for Use as Fuels and Lubricants

Journal Article · 24 June 2019 · ChemSusChem

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900535 · OSTI ID:1572024

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Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Chemical Sciences Division
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Chemical Sciences Division

Abstract Ethers synthesized from biomass‐derived compounds have exceptional properties as fuels, lubricants, and specialty chemicals and can serve as replacements for petroleum‐derived products. Recent efforts have identified heterogeneous catalysts for the selective synthesis of ethers from alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, furans, esters, olefins, carboxylic acids, and other molecules derived from biomass. This Review highlights the scope of etherification reactions and provides insights into the choice of catalysts and reaction conditions best suited for producing targeted ethers from the available starting materials. First, the properties of ethers for specific applications and the methods by which synthons for ether synthesis can be obtained from biomass are discussed. Then the progress that has been made on the synthesis of ethers via the following methods is summarized: direct etherification of alcohols; reductive etherification of alcohols with aldehydes or ketones; etherification of furanic compounds, esters, and carboxylic acids; and the addition of alcohols to olefins. Next, the mechanisms of these reactions and catalyst properties required to promote them are discussed, with the goal of understanding how reaction conditions can be tuned to optimize catalyst activity and selectivity towards desired ethers. The Review closes by examining the tradeoffs between catalyst selectivity, activity, stability, and reaction conditions required to achieve the most economically and environmentally favorable routes to biomass‐derived ethers.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1572024

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1529415

Journal Information:: ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 13; ISSN 1864-5631

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc EuropeCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 46 works

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