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Title: Field-induced phase coexistence in an artificial spin ice

Journal Article · · Nature Physics
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [5]
  1. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States)
  2. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  4. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
  5. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Artificial spin-ice systems are magnetic metamaterials consisting of nanomagnet arrays that can be designed to study exotic magnetic states not found in natural materials. Typically, these arrays are modelled as interacting binary macrospins that can only be in an up or down state and are described by the Ising model. These materials have demonstrated ordering transitions, but only via a spontaneous symmetry-breaking mechanism. In this study, we have designed and studied a quadrupole artificial spin-ice system consisting of interacting plaquettes of coupled single-domain nanomagnets that can be interpreted as a composite, ternary variable. After annealing this system in an external magnetic field, we observe both a ferroquadrupolar and an antiferroquadrupolar phase, with an apparent first-order phase boundary and a coexistence regime. The phase diagram of this material is reminiscent of a model used to describe phase coexistence in the superfluid transition of 4He with 3He impurities. Finally, these results illustrate how composite magnetic objects realize exotic statistical physics models beyond the Ising model.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; AC52-06NA25396; SC0010778
OSTI ID:
1570636
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--18-29639
Journal Information:
Nature Physics, Journal Name: Nature Physics Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 15; ISSN 1745-2473
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (7)

Advances in artificial spin ice journal November 2019
Elevated effective dimension in tree-like nanomagnetic Cayley structures journal January 2020
Understanding thermal annealing of artificial spin ice journal November 2019
Magnetization dynamics in artificial spin ice journal October 2019
Dipolar Cairo lattice: Geometrical frustration and short-range correlations journal October 2019
Colloquium : Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond journal December 2019
Understanding Thermal Annealing of Artificial Spin Ice text January 2019

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