DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Recent Progress on Exciton Polaritons in Layered Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

Journal Article · · Advanced Optical Materials
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States); Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
  2. Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)

Exciton polaritons (EPs) are half-light, half-matter quasiparticles formed due to the coupling between photons and excitons in semiconductors. Their uniqueness lies at the strong light–matter interactions and long-distance transport, thus promising for many novel applications in photonics, information, and quantum technologies. Recently, EPs in group-VI transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted a lot of research interest due to their room-temperature stability, long-distance propagation, and controllability through electric gating, valley-selective optical pumping, and precise thickness control. Here, recent studies of EPs in TMDs are reviewed, highlighting their key properties and functionalities, and then discussing the potential directions for future research.

Research Organization:
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-07CH11358
OSTI ID:
1570448
Report Number(s):
IS-J--10032
Journal Information:
Advanced Optical Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Optical Materials Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 8; ISSN 2195-1071
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (152)

Cuprous iodide: A p-type transparent semiconductor, history, and novel applications: Cuprous iodide journal August 2013
Cuprous iodide - a p-type transparent semiconductor: history and novel applications (Phys. Status Solidi A 9∕2013) journal September 2013
Luminescence and photoconductivity of undoped p-GaSb journal July 1972
The optical properties of MoTe2 and WSe2 journal October 1972
Band parameters of CdS and CdSe single crystals determined from optical exciton spectra journal January 1979
Luminescence of copper halides excited by a high power laser journal January 1970
The exciton spectrum of zinc oxide journal August 1960
Exciton spectra in MoSe2 journal January 1980
Shallow impurity states and the free exciton binding energy in gallium phosphide journal June 1978
Exciton spectra in MoSe2 journal May 1980
ATR mode of surface magnon polaritons on YIG journal January 1983
Charge-separation energy in films of π-conjugated organic molecules journal September 2000
Measurement of high exciton binding energy in the monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides WS2 and WSe2 journal February 2015
Strong Exciton–Plasmon Coupling in MoS 2 Coupled with Plasmonic Lattice journal January 2016
Precise, Self-Limited Epitaxy of Ultrathin Organic Semiconductors and Heterojunctions Tailored by van der Waals Interactions journal May 2016
Coherent Coupling of WS 2 Monolayers with Metallic Photonic Nanostructures at Room Temperature journal June 2016
Manipulating Coherent Plasmon–Exciton Interaction in a Single Silver Nanorod on Monolayer WSe 2 journal May 2017
Room-Temperature Strong Light–Matter Interaction with Active Control in Single Plasmonic Nanorod Coupled with Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals journal July 2017
Electrical Tuning of Exciton–Plasmon Polariton Coupling in Monolayer MoS 2 Integrated with Plasmonic Nanoantenna Lattice journal June 2017
Observation of Tunable Charged Exciton Polaritons in Hybrid Monolayer WS 2 −Plasmonic Nanoantenna System journal January 2018
Strong Light–Matter Coupling between Plasmons in Individual Gold Bi-pyramids and Excitons in Mono- and Multilayer WSe 2 journal August 2018
Control of Strong Light–Matter Interaction in Monolayer WS 2 through Electric Field Gating journal August 2018
Collective Strong Light-Matter Coupling in Hierarchical Microcavity-Plasmon-Exciton Systems journal November 2018
Robust Excitons and Trions in Monolayer MoTe 2 journal May 2015
Understanding the Different Exciton–Plasmon Coupling Regimes in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors Coupled with Plasmonic Lattices: A Combined Experimental and Unified Equation of Motion Approach journal October 2017
Novel Nanostructures and Materials for Strong Light–Matter Interactions journal October 2017
Near-Field Surface Waves in Few-Layer MoS 2 journal May 2018
Rabi Splitting in a Plasmonic Nanocavity Coupled to a WS 2 Monolayer at Room Temperature journal September 2018
Self-Hybridized Exciton-Polaritons in Multilayers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Efficient Light Absorption journal November 2018
Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions journal August 2011
Tunable Photoluminescence of Monolayer MoS 2 via Chemical Doping journal November 2013
Dielectric Screening of Excitons and Trions in Single-Layer MoS 2 journal September 2014
Observation of Excitonic Rydberg States in Monolayer MoS 2 and WS 2 by Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy journal April 2015
Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS2 journal April 2010
Strong exciton–photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity journal September 1998
Valleytronics in 2D materials journal August 2016
2D transition metal dichalcogenides journal June 2017
Surface plasmon subwavelength optics journal August 2003
Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons journal September 2006
Collective fluid dynamics of a polariton condensate in a semiconductor microcavity journal January 2009
Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging journal June 2012
Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons journal June 2012
Probing excitonic dark states in single-layer tungsten disulphide journal August 2014
Room-temperature Tamm-plasmon exciton-polaritons with a WSe2 monolayer journal October 2016
Electrically tunable organic–inorganic hybrid polaritons with monolayer WS2 journal January 2017
Observation of long-lived interlayer excitons in monolayer MoSe2–WSe2 heterostructures journal February 2015
Exciton–polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures embedded in tunable microcavities journal October 2015
Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2 journal December 2012
Giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor journal August 2014
The road towards polaritonic devices journal July 2016
Physics and applications of exciton–polariton lasers journal September 2016
Polaritons in layered two-dimensional materials journal November 2016
Ultralow-loss polaritons in isotopically pure boron nitride journal December 2017
Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides journal November 2012
Highly anisotropic and robust excitons in monolayer black phosphorus journal April 2015
Strong light–matter coupling in two-dimensional atomic crystals journal December 2014
Optical control of room-temperature valley polaritons journal July 2017
Valley-addressable polaritons in atomically thin semiconductors journal July 2017
Imaging exciton–polariton transport in MoSe2 waveguides journal May 2017
Valley-polarized exciton–polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor journal June 2017
Superfluidity of polaritons in semiconductor microcavities journal September 2009
Vacuum Rabi splitting in semiconductors journal February 2006
Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides journal April 2014
Anomalous dispersion of microcavity trion-polaritons journal October 2017
Observation of hybrid Tamm-plasmon exciton- polaritons with GaAs quantum wells and a MoSe2 monolayer journal August 2017
Strong-coupling of WSe2 in ultra-compact plasmonic nanocavities at room temperature journal November 2017
Probing optical anisotropy of nanometer-thin van der waals microcrystals by near-field imaging journal November 2017
Photonic-crystal exciton-polaritons in monolayer semiconductors journal February 2018
Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling journal July 2018
Observation of bosonic condensation in a hybrid monolayer MoSe2-GaAs microcavity journal August 2018
Valley coherent exciton-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor journal November 2018
Room-temperature valley coherence in a polaritonic system journal April 2019
Interacting polariton fluids in a monolayer of tungsten disulfide journal August 2018
Fundamental limits to graphene plasmonics journal May 2018
Evidence for moiré excitons in van der Waals heterostructures journal February 2019
Production of phosphorene nanoribbons journal April 2019
Probing excitonic states in suspended two-dimensional semiconductors by photocurrent spectroscopy journal October 2014
Exciton Binding Energy of Monolayer WS2 journal March 2015
Room-temperature exciton-polaritons with two-dimensional WS2 journal September 2016
Sharp excitonic photoluminescence from epitaxial InAs journal February 1995
Polarized photoreflectance spectra of excitonic polaritons in a ZnO single crystal journal January 2003
Excitonic polaritons in quantum‐confined systems and applications to optoelectronic devices journal June 1994
Low‐temperature photoluminescence of epitaxial InAs journal December 1996
Photoluminescence properties of ZnS epilayers journal March 1997
Modeling the optical constants of hexagonal GaN, InN, and AlN journal March 1999
Strong coupling between Tamm plasmon polariton and two dimensional semiconductor excitons journal January 2017
Kramers-Kronig analysis of the reflectivity spectra of 2H-MoS 2 , 2H-MoSe 2 and 2H-MoTe 2 journal March 1979
The photoluminescence spectrum of bound excitons in indium phosphide and gallium arsenide journal July 1972
Transmission spectra of some transition metal dichalcogenides. II. Group VIA: trigonal prismatic coordination journal December 1972
Kramers-Kronig analysis of the reflectivity spectra of 3R-WS 2 and 2H-WSe 2 journal June 1976
Excitons in 2H-WSe 2 and 3R-WS 2 journal June 1976
Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review journal December 2014
Coherent exciton-polariton devices journal August 2017
Valley polarized relaxation and upconversion luminescence from Tamm-plasmon trion–polaritons with a MoSe 2 monolayer journal May 2017
Microcavities book January 2007
Theory of the Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals journal December 1958
Exciton Structure in Photoconductivity of CdS, CdSe, and CdS: Se Single Crystals journal December 1963
Exciton Absorption and Emission in InP journal November 1964
Exciton Spectrum of ZnO journal March 1966
Recombination Emission in InSb journal August 1966
Band Gap of Gallium Phosphide from 0 to 900°K and Light Emission from Diodes at High Temperatures journal July 1968
Nonequilibrium condensates and lasers without inversion: Exciton-polariton lasers journal June 1996
Fundamental energy gap of GaN from photoluminescence excitation spectra journal July 1974
Excitons in molybdenum disulphide journal January 1975
Free-exciton energy spectrum in GaAs journal January 1976
Valence-band parameters and g factors of cubic zinc selenide derived from free-exciton magnetoreflectance journal March 1979
Two-photon magnetoabsorption of ZnTe, CdTe, and GaAs journal January 1988
Quantum-well reflectivity and exciton-polariton dispersion journal March 1992
Resolved Free-Exciton Transitions in the Optical-Absorption Spectrum of GaAs journal November 1972
Tamm plasmon-polaritons: Possible electromagnetic states at the interface of a metal and a dielectric Bragg mirror journal October 2007
Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies journal December 2009
Infrared nanospectroscopy and imaging of collective superfluid excitations in anisotropic superconductors journal July 2014
Nano-optical imaging of WS e 2 waveguide modes revealing light-exciton interactions journal August 2016
Observation of macroscopic valley-polarized monolayer exciton-polaritons at room temperature journal December 2017
Atomically Thin MoS2 A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor journal September 2010
Tightly Bound Excitons in Monolayer WSe 2 journal July 2014
Exciton Binding Energy and Nonhydrogenic Rydberg Series in Monolayer WS 2 journal August 2014
Probing Carrier Transport and Structure-Property Relationship of Highly Ordered Organic Semiconductors at the Two-Dimensional Limit journal January 2016
Topological Exciton Bands in Moiré Heterojunctions journal April 2017
Control of Coherently Coupled Exciton Polaritons in Monolayer Tungsten Disulphide journal July 2017
Experimental Observation of Surface Exciton Polaritons journal March 1976
Nonlinear Optical Excitation of Surface Exciton Polaritons in ZnO journal May 1977
Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity journal December 1992
Angle-Resonant Stimulated Polariton Amplifier journal February 2000
Room-Temperature Polariton Lasing in Semiconductor Microcavities journal March 2007
Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation journal May 2010
Moiré excitons: From programmable quantum emitter arrays to spin-orbit–coupled artificial lattices journal November 2017
Transient exciton-polariton dynamics in WSe 2 by ultrafast near-field imaging journal February 2019
Condensation of Semiconductor Microcavity Exciton Polaritons journal October 2002
Tunable Phonon Polaritons in Atomically Thin van der Waals Crystals of Boron Nitride journal March 2014
Polaritons in van der Waals materials journal October 2016
Surface Exciton Polariton in ZnO journal September 1982
Prism and grating coupling to long-range coupled-surface exciton–polaritons journal January 1991
Direct observation of strong light-exciton coupling in thin WS_2 flakes journal January 2016
Interacting Polariton Fluids in a Monolayer of Tungsten Disulfide conference January 2018
Low-loss, infrared and terahertz nanophotonics using surface phonon polaritons journal January 2015
What is a good conductor for metamaterials or plasmonics journal January 2015
On the existence and physical meaning of the Zenneck wave journal July 2009
On the existence and physical meaning of the Zenneck wave [O sushchestvovanii i fizicheskom smysle volny Tsenneka] journal January 2009
Plasmonics in graphene at infra-red frequencies text January 2009
Graphene plasmonics: A platform for strong light-matter interaction text January 2011
Probing Excitonic Dark States in Single-layer Tungsten Disulfide text January 2014
Highly Anisotropic and Robust Excitons in Monolayer Black Phosphorus preprint January 2014
Coherent Coupling of WS_2 Monolayers with Metallic Photonic Nanostructures at Room Temperature text January 2016
Electrical tuning of exciton-plasmon polariton coupling in monolayer MoS2 integrated with plasmonic nanoantenna lattice text January 2016
Observation of tunable charged exciton polaritons in hybrid monolayer WS2 $-$ plasmonic nanoantenna system text January 2017
Observation of hybrid Tamm-plasmon exciton-polaritons with GaAs quantum wells and a MoSe2 monolayer text January 2017
Observation of macroscopic valley-polarized monolayer exciton-polaritons at room temperature text January 2017
Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling text January 2018
Valley coherent exciton-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor text January 2018
Observation of bosonic condensation in a hybrid monolayer MoSe2-GaAs microcavity text January 2018
Observation of macroscopic valley-polarized monolayer exciton-polaritons at room temperature text January 2017