Chemical Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace of Algal Cultures as Early Biomarkers of Algal Pond Crashes
Abstract
Algae ponds used in industrial biomass production are susceptible to pathogen or grazer infestation, resulting in pond crashes with high economic costs. Current methods to monitor and mitigate unhealthy ponds are hindered by a lack of early indicators that precede culture crash. We used solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify volatiles emitted from healthy and rotifer infested cultures of Microchloropsis salina. After 48 hours of algal growth, marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, were added to the algae cultures and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were sampled from the headspace using SPME fibers. A GC-MS approach was used in an untargeted analysis of VOCs, followed by preliminary identification. The addition of B. plicatilis to healthy cultures of M. salina resulted in decreased algal cell numbers, relative to uninfected controls, and generated trans-β-ionone and β-cyclocitral, which were attributed to carotenoid degradation. The abundances of the carotenoid-derived VOCs increased with rotifer consumption of algae. Our results indicate that specific VOCs released by infected algae cultures may be early indicators for impending pond crashes, providing a useful tool to monitor algal biomass production and pond crash prevention.
- Authors:
-
[4];
[5];
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1570268
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1614967
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2019-10839J; LLNL-JRNL-775406
Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322; 679369
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Reese, Kristen L., Fisher, Carolyn L., Lane, Pamela D., Jaryenneh, James D., Moorman, Matthew W., Jones, A. Daniel, Frank, Matthias, and Lane, Todd W. Chemical Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace of Algal Cultures as Early Biomarkers of Algal Pond Crashes. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50125-z.
Reese, Kristen L., Fisher, Carolyn L., Lane, Pamela D., Jaryenneh, James D., Moorman, Matthew W., Jones, A. Daniel, Frank, Matthias, & Lane, Todd W. Chemical Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace of Algal Cultures as Early Biomarkers of Algal Pond Crashes. United States. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50125-z.
Reese, Kristen L., Fisher, Carolyn L., Lane, Pamela D., Jaryenneh, James D., Moorman, Matthew W., Jones, A. Daniel, Frank, Matthias, and Lane, Todd W. Wed .
"Chemical Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace of Algal Cultures as Early Biomarkers of Algal Pond Crashes". United States. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50125-z. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1570268.
@article{osti_1570268,
title = {Chemical Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace of Algal Cultures as Early Biomarkers of Algal Pond Crashes},
author = {Reese, Kristen L. and Fisher, Carolyn L. and Lane, Pamela D. and Jaryenneh, James D. and Moorman, Matthew W. and Jones, A. Daniel and Frank, Matthias and Lane, Todd W.},
abstractNote = {Algae ponds used in industrial biomass production are susceptible to pathogen or grazer infestation, resulting in pond crashes with high economic costs. Current methods to monitor and mitigate unhealthy ponds are hindered by a lack of early indicators that precede culture crash. We used solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify volatiles emitted from healthy and rotifer infested cultures of Microchloropsis salina. After 48 hours of algal growth, marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, were added to the algae cultures and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were sampled from the headspace using SPME fibers. A GC-MS approach was used in an untargeted analysis of VOCs, followed by preliminary identification. The addition of B. plicatilis to healthy cultures of M. salina resulted in decreased algal cell numbers, relative to uninfected controls, and generated trans-β-ionone and β-cyclocitral, which were attributed to carotenoid degradation. The abundances of the carotenoid-derived VOCs increased with rotifer consumption of algae. Our results indicate that specific VOCs released by infected algae cultures may be early indicators for impending pond crashes, providing a useful tool to monitor algal biomass production and pond crash prevention.},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-50125-z},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = 1,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {9}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: (A) 15 L algal mass cultures (analgous to production ponds) with a healthy algal culture on the left compared with a crashed algal culture on the right. (B) Brachionus plicatilis (average length 160 μm), marine rotifer, in a field of microalgae, Microchloropsis salina.
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