Dynamic Tuning of Gap Plasmon Resonances Using a Solid-State Electrochromic Device

Li, Yiyang; van de Groep, Jorik; Talin, A. Alec; Brongersma, Mark L.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03143

Title: Dynamic Tuning of Gap Plasmon Resonances Using a Solid-State Electrochromic Device

Journal Article · 27 September 2019 · Nano Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03143 · OSTI ID:1570265

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[2]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Geballe Lab. for Advanced Materials
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Plasmonic antennas and metasurfaces can effectively control light–matter interactions, and this facilitates a deterministic design of optical materials properties, including structural color. However, these optical properties are generally fixed after synthesis and fabrication, while many modern-day optics applications require active, low-power, and nonvolatile tuning. These needs have spurred broad research activities aimed at identifying materials and resonant structures capable of achieving large, dynamic changes in optical properties, especially in the challenging visible spectral range. In this work, we demonstrate dynamic tuning of polarization-dependent gap plasmon resonators that contain the electrochromic oxide WO₃. Its refractive index in the visible changes continuously from n = 2.1 to 1.9 upon electrochemical lithium insertion and removal in a solid-state device. By incorporating WO₃ into a gap plasmon resonator, the resonant wavelength can be shifted continuously and reversibly by up to 58 nm with less than 2 V electrochemical bias voltage. Lastly, the resonator can remain in a tuned state for tens of minutes under open circuit conditions.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES); Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

OSTI ID:: 1570265

Report Number(s):: SAND--2019-11177J; 679791

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Journal Name: Nano Letters Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 19; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (51)

Metasurface Reconfiguration through Lithium-Ion Intercalation in a Transition Metal Oxide Zanotto, Simone; Blancato, Alessandra; Buchheit, Annika Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201600732	journal	November 2016
Refractive index–molecular weight relationships for poly(ethylene oxide) Ingham, John D.; Lawson, D. David Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030728	journal	July 1965
Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium Tauc, J.; Grigorovici, R.; Vancu, A. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.19660150224	journal	January 1966
Electrochromic oxides: a bandstructure approach Granqvist, C. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90100-7	journal	April 1994
Optical indices of lithiated electrochromic oxides Rubin, M.; von Rottkay, K.; Wen, S. -J Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 54, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0248(97)00222-5	journal	July 1998
Electrochromic tungsten oxide films: Review of progress 1993–1998 Granqvist, C. G. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 60, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00088-4	journal	January 2000
Patternable, Solution-Processed Ionogels for Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Electrolytes Ashby, David S.; DeBlock, Ryan H.; Lai, Chun-Han Joule, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.012	journal	October 2017
Recent advances in electrochromic polymers Abidin, Taufik; Zhang, Qiang; Wang, Kun-Li Polymer, Vol. 55, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.046	journal	October 2014
Active Plasmonics: Principles, Structures, and Applications Jiang, Nina; Zhuo, Xiaolu; Wang, Jianfang Chemical Reviews, Vol. 118, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00252	journal	September 2017
Gate-Tunable Conducting Oxide Metasurfaces Huang, Yao-Wei; Lee, Ho Wai Howard; Sokhoyan, Ruzan Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00555	journal	August 2016
Dynamic Reflection Phase and Polarization Control in Metasurfaces Park, Junghyun; Kang, Ju-Hyung; Kim, Soo Jin Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04378	journal	December 2016
Giant Gating Tunability of Optical Refractive Index in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers Yu, Yiling; Yu, Yifei; Huang, Lujun Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00768	journal	May 2017
Switchable Plasmonic Metasurfaces with High Chromaticity Containing Only Abundant Metals Xiong, Kunli; Tordera, Daniel; Emilsson, Gustav Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03665	journal	October 2017
Operando Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals Mechanics of Structural Water Driven Battery-to-Pseudocapacitor Transition Wang, Ruocun; Mitchell, James B.; Gao, Qiang ACS Nano, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b02273	journal	May 2018
Electrochromic-Tuned Plasmonics for Photothermal Sterile Window Xu, Jingwen; Zhang, Yong; Zhai, Ting-Ting ACS Nano, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b02292	journal	June 2018
Giant Plasmon Resonance Shift Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrochemical Switching Stockhausen, Verena; Martin, Pascal; Ghilane, Jalal Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja103337d	journal	August 2010
Dynamically Modulating the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals Garcia, Guillermo; Buonsanti, Raffaella; Runnerstrom, Evan L. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 10, p. 4415-4420 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl202597n	journal	October 2011
Plasmonic Color Filters for CMOS Image Sensor Applications Yokogawa, Sozo; Burgos, Stanley P.; Atwater, Harry A. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl302110z	journal	July 2012
Subwavelength Plasmonic Color Printing Protected for Ambient Use Roberts, Alexander S.; Pors, Anders; Albrektsen, Ole Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404129n	journal	January 2014
Resonant Germanium Nanoantenna Photodetectors Cao, Linyou; Park, Joon-Shik; Fan, Pengyu Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl9037278	journal	April 2010
Electrically Tunable Plasmonic Behavior of Nanocube–Polymer Nanomaterials Induced by a Redox-Active Electrochromic Polymer König, Tobias A. F.; Ledin, Petr A.; Kerszulis, Justin ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn501601e	journal	May 2014
Reversible Optical Switching of Infrared Antenna Resonances with Ultrathin Phase-Change Layers Using Femtosecond Laser Pulses Michel, Ann-Katrin U.; Zalden, Peter; Chigrin, Dmitry N. ACS Photonics, Vol. 1, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ph500121d	journal	September 2014
Plasmonic colour generation Kristensen, Anders; Yang, Joel K. W.; Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I. Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.88	journal	November 2016
An optoelectronic framework enabled by low-dimensional phase-change films Hosseini, Peiman; Wright, C. David; Bhaskaran, Harish Nature, Vol. 511, Issue 7508 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13487	journal	July 2014
High-contrast and fast electrochromic switching enabled by plasmonics Xu, Ting; Walter, Erich C.; Agrawal, Amit Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10479	journal	January 2016
Probing the electrical switching of a memristive optical antenna by STEM EELS Schoen, David T.; Holsteen, Aaron L.; Brongersma, Mark L. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12162	journal	July 2016
Dynamic plasmonic colour display Duan, Xiaoyang; Kamin, Simon; Liu, Na Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14606	journal	February 2017
Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor Ross, Jason S.; Wu, Sanfeng; Yu, Hongyi Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2498	journal	February 2013
Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors Anker, Jeffrey N.; Hall, W. Paige; Lyandres, Olga Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2162	journal	June 2008
Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation Schuller, Jon A.; Barnard, Edward S.; Cai, Wenshan Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2630	journal	February 2010
From metamaterials to metadevices Zheludev, Nikolay I.; Kivshar, Yuri S. Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3431	journal	October 2012
Nanoscale mapping of ion diffusion in a lithium-ion battery cathode Balke, N.; Jesse, S.; Morozovska, A. N. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.174	journal	August 2010
Electrical tuning of a quantum plasmonic resonance Liu, Xiaoge; Kang, Ju-Hyung; Yuan, Hongtao Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.103	journal	June 2017
All-optical spiking neurosynaptic networks with self-learning capabilities Feldmann, J.; Youngblood, N.; Wright, C. D. Nature, Vol. 569, Issue 7755 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1157-8	journal	May 2019
Electrically Tunable Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) Metafilm Absorbers Park, Junghyun; Kang, Ju-Hyung; Liu, Xiaoge Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15754	journal	November 2015
Electrochromics for smart windows: thin films of tungsten oxide and nickel oxide, and devices based on these Niklasson, Gunnar A.; Granqvist, Claes G. Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 17, Issue 2, p. 127-156 https://doi.org/10.1039/B612174H	journal	January 2007
Nanostructured electrochromic smart windows: traditional materials and NIR-selective plasmonic nanocrystals Runnerstrom, Evan L.; Llordés, Anna; Lounis, Sebastien D. Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 73 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC03109A	journal	January 2014
Gap and channeled plasmons in tapered grooves: a review Smith, C. L. C.; Stenger, N.; Kristensen, A. Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR01282A	journal	January 2015
Tunable electrochromic photonic crystals Kuai, Su-Lan; Bader, Georges; Ashrit, P. V. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1929079	journal	May 2005
Doping tunable resonance: Toward electrically tunable mid-infrared metamaterials Miao, Xiaoyu; Passmore, Brandon; Gin, Aaron Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3309707	journal	March 2010
Nanoscale spatial limitations of large-area substrate conformal imprint lithography Verschuuren, M. A.; Knight, M. W.; Megens, M. Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab1c86	journal	June 2019
Optical Indices of Refraction of W O 3 Sawada, S.; Danielson, G. C. Physical Review, Vol. 113, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.113.1008	journal	February 1959
Lithium intercalation into WO 3 and the phase diagram of Li x WO 3 Zhong, Q.; Dahn, J. R.; Colbow, K. Physical Review B, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.46.2554	journal	July 1992
Light modulation with nanopatterned diffractive microelectromechanical system pixels Skinner, Jack L.; Talin, A. Alec; Horsley, David A. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2998725	journal	November 2008
Scalable electrochromic nanopixels using plasmonics Peng, Jialong; Jeong, Hyeon-Ho; Lin, Qianqi Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw2205	journal	May 2019
Purcell effect for active tuning of light scattering from semiconductor optical antennas Holsteen, Aaron L.; Raza, Søren; Fan, Pengyu Science, Vol. 358, Issue 6369 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao5371	journal	December 2017
Switchable Materials for Smart Windows Wang, Yang; Runnerstrom, Evan L.; Milliron, Delia J. Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-034647	journal	June 2016
Electrochemical and Chemical Insertion for Energy Transformation and Switching Li, Yiyang; Chueh, William C. Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070317-124525	journal	July 2018
Optical Antennas Bharadwaj, Palash; Deutsch, Bradley; Novotny, Lukas Advances in Optics and Photonics, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.1.000438	journal	January 2009
Frequency tunable near-infrared metamaterials based on VO₂ phase transition Dicken, Matthew J.; Aydin, Koray; Pryce, Imogen M. Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 20, p. 18330-18339 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.018330	journal	January 2009
Continuous layer gap plasmon resonators Nielsen, Michael G.; Gramotnev, Dmitri K.; Pors, Anders Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.019310	journal	January 2011

Cited By (1)

Simultaneously enabling dynamic transparency control and electrical energy storage via electrochromism Li, Haizeng; Elezzabi, Abdulhakem Y. Nanoscale Horizons, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nh00751b	journal	January 2020

Similar Records

Broad electrical tuning of plasmonic nanoantennas at visible frequencies

Journal Article · 2016 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:22591680

Hoang, Thang B.

Dual-Band Electrochromism in Hydrous Tungsten Oxide

Journal Article · 2023 · ACS Photonics · OSTI ID:2340923

Fortunato, Jenelle; Zydlewski, Benjamin Z.; Lei, Ming; +7 more

Nanostructured electrochromic smart windows: traditional materials and NIR-selective plasmonic nanocrystals

Journal Article · 2014 · ChemComm · OSTI ID:1211267

Runnerstrom, EL; Llordes, A; Lounis, SD; +1 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Electrochromic
dynamic tuning
gap plasmon
nanophotonics
optical properties

Title: Dynamic Tuning of Gap Plasmon Resonances Using a Solid-State Electrochromic Device

Citation Formats

References (51)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects