Shape memory alloy engine for high efficiency low-temperature gradient thermal to electrical conversion

Kumar, Prashant; Kishore, Ravi Anant; Maurya, Deepam; Stewart, Colin J.; Mirzaeifar, Reza; Quandt, Eckhard; Priya, Shashank

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.080

Title: Shape memory alloy engine for high efficiency low-temperature gradient thermal to electrical conversion

Journal Article · 01 October 2019 · Applied Energy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.080 · OSTI ID:1570186

Kumar, Prashant ^[1]; Kishore, Ravi Anant ^[2];

^[3]; Stewart, Colin J. ^[1];

^[4]; Quandt, Eckhard ^[5]; Priya, Shashank ^[6]

Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS)
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS); Intel Corporation, Chandler, AZ (United States)
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Kiel Univ., Kiel (Germany). Inst. for Materials Science
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS). Penn States, University Park, PA (United States). Materials Research Inst.

More than half of the energy generated worldwide is lost as unused thermal energy because of the lack of efficient methodology for harnessing the low-grade heat. In this paper, we demonstrate that shape-memory alloy can be an effective mechanism for recovering low-grade heat. Shape memory alloys exhibit thermally induced martensite to austenite phase transformation and super-elasticity (stress-induced martensitic transformation). Employing these two characteristics, we demonstrate a thermal engine for harnessing waste energy through all modes of heat transfer: convection, conduction, and radiation. In this work, we performed material and heat transfer analysis for achieving high frequency, sustainable and efficient operation of our engine. An optimized shape memory alloy engine generated 36 W per kilogram or 234 kW of electricity per cubic meter of active material. A continuous three-day operation of several SMA engines could generate 7.2 kWh of electricity when installed on a 500 m long hot pipe network. This generated power can potentially reduce the carbon footprint by 5.1 kg of CO₂ illustrating the promise of this technology for addressing climate change.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1570186

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1564585

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5500-75098

Journal Information:: Applied Energy, Vol. 251, Issue C; ISSN 0306-2619

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 18 works

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Linear thermomagnetic energy harvester for low-grade thermal energy harvesting Kishore, Ravi Anant; Singh, Deepa; Sriramdas, Rammohan Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5124312	journal	January 2020

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47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)
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Title: Shape memory alloy engine for high efficiency low-temperature gradient thermal to electrical conversion

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