Pt-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol

Marinkovic, Nebojsa S.; Li, Meng; Adzic, Radoslav R.

doi:10.1007/s41061-019-0236-5

Title: Pt-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol

Abstract

Despite its attractive features as a power source for direct alcohol fuel cells, utilization of ethanol is still hampered by both fundamental and technical challenges. The rationale behind the slow and incomplete ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) with low selectivity towards CO₂ on most Pt-based catalysts is still far from being understood, and a number of practical problems need to be addressed before an efficient and low-cost catalyst is designed. Some recent achievements towards solving these problems are presented. Pt film electrodes and Pt monolayer (Pt_ML) electrodes on various single crystal substrates showed that EOR follows the partial oxidation pathway without C–C bond cleavage, with acetic acid and acetaldehyde as the final products. The role of the substrate lattice on the catalytic properties of Pt_ML was proven by the choice of appropriate M(111) structure (M = Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru and Au) showing enhanced kinetics when PtML is under tensile strain on Au(111) electrode. Nanostructured electrocatalysts containing Pt–Rh solid solution on SnO₂ and Pt monolayer on non-noble metals are shown, optimized, and characterized by in situ methods. Electrochemical, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques highlighted the effect of Rh in facilitating C–C bond splitting inmore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Li, Meng ^[2]; Adzic, Radoslav R. ^[2]

Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1569547

Report Number(s):: BNL-212165-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2365-0869

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0012335

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Topics in Current Chemistry

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 377; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2365-0869

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Platinum-based catalysts; ethanol oxidation; in situ FTIR; in situ EXAFS

Citation Formats


                    Marinkovic, Nebojsa S., Li, Meng, and Adzic, Radoslav R. Pt-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/s41061-019-0236-5.

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                    Marinkovic, Nebojsa S., Li, Meng, & Adzic, Radoslav R. Pt-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0236-5

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                    Marinkovic, Nebojsa S., Li, Meng, and Adzic, Radoslav R. Thu .  
"Pt-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0236-5.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1569547.

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@article{osti_1569547,

  title        = {Pt-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol},

  author       = {Marinkovic, Nebojsa S. and Li, Meng and Adzic, Radoslav R.},

  abstractNote = {Despite its attractive features as a power source for direct alcohol fuel cells, utilization of ethanol is still hampered by both fundamental and technical challenges. The rationale behind the slow and incomplete ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) with low selectivity towards CO2 on most Pt-based catalysts is still far from being understood, and a number of practical problems need to be addressed before an efficient and low-cost catalyst is designed. Some recent achievements towards solving these problems are presented. Pt film electrodes and Pt monolayer (PtML) electrodes on various single crystal substrates showed that EOR follows the partial oxidation pathway without C–C bond cleavage, with acetic acid and acetaldehyde as the final products. The role of the substrate lattice on the catalytic properties of PtML was proven by the choice of appropriate M(111) structure (M = Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru and Au) showing enhanced kinetics when PtML is under tensile strain on Au(111) electrode. Nanostructured electrocatalysts containing Pt–Rh solid solution on SnO2 and Pt monolayer on non-noble metals are shown, optimized, and characterized by in situ methods. Electrochemical, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques highlighted the effect of Rh in facilitating C–C bond splitting in the ternary PtRh/SnO2 catalyst. In situ FTIR proved quantitatively the enhancement in the total oxidation pathway to CO2, and in situ XAS confirmed that Pt and Rh form a solid solution that remains in metallic form through a wide range of potentials due to the presence of SnO2. Combination of these findings with density functional theory calculations revealed the EOR reaction pathway and the role of each constituent of the ternary PtRh/SnO2 catalyst. The optimal Pt:Rh:Sn atomic ratio was found by the two in situ techniques. Attempts to replace Rh with cost-effective alternatives for commercially viable catalysts has shown that Ir can also split the C–C bond in ethanol, but the performance of optimized Pt–Rh–SnO2 is still higher than that of the Pt–Ir–SnO2 catalyst.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s41061-019-0236-5},

  journal      = {Topics in Current Chemistry},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 377,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Thu Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Advanced Catalytic Materials for Ethanol Oxidation in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells
journal, February 2020

Zheng, Yun; Wan, Xiaojuan; Cheng, Xin
Catalysts, Vol. 10, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3390/catal10020166

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Similar Records

Title: Pt-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol

Abstract

Citation Formats

ATHENA , ARTEMIS , HEPHAESTUS : data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT journal, June 2005

In Situ Characterization of Ternary Pt–Rh–SnO2/C Catalysts for Ethanol Electrooxidation journal, March 2012

Ethanol oxidation on the ternary Pt–Rh–SnO2/C electrocatalysts with varied Pt:Rh:Sn ratios journal, May 2010

Carbon-supported IrSn catalysts for a direct ethanol fuel cell journal, October 2007

Infrared absorption study of adsorbed species at metal/water interface by use of the Kretschmann configuration journal, July 1985

Recent advances in platinum monolayer electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: Scale-up synthesis, structure and activity of Pt shells on Pd cores journal, March 2010

Design of a reflection–absorption experiment for studying the ir spectrum of molecules adsorbed on a metal surface journal, November 1975

Molecular Orbital View of Chemisorbed Carbon Monoxide journal, October 1964

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of surface species: a comparison of Fourier transform and dispersion methods journal, February 1984

The Impact of Nanoscience on Heterogeneous Catalysis journal, March 2003

Ethanol oxidation on metal oxide-supported platinum catalysts journal, September 2009

Electromagnetic effect in enhanced infrared absorption of adsorbed molecules on thin metal films journal, October 1986

Electrooxidation of ethanol on a Pt electrode in acid solutions: in situ ATR-SEIRAS study journal, April 2005

An in Situ Infrared Study on the Effect of pH on Anion Adsorption at Pt(111) Electrodes from Acid Sulfate Solutions journal, January 1996

Ethanol electro-oxidation on carbon-supported Pt, PtRu and Pt3Sn catalysts: A quantitative DEMS study journal, March 2006

Electro-Oxidation of Ethanol on Pt, Rh, and PtRh Electrodes. A Study Using DEMS and in-Situ FTIR Techniques journal, September 2002

Eine neue Methode der Anregung nichtstrahlender Oberflächenplasmaschwingungen journal, January 1968

Infrared spectroscopic analysis of anions adsorbed from bisulfate-containing solutions on Pt(111) electrodes journal, May 1996

Fundamentals of XAFS journal, January 2014

Ethanol Reactions over the Surfaces of Noble Metal/Cerium Oxide Catalysts journal, July 2004

Reflection Method for Obtaining the Infrared Spectrum of a Thin Layer on a Metal Surface journal, March 1969

Ternary Pt/Rh/SnO2 electrocatalysts for oxidizing ethanol to CO2 journal, January 2009

Electro-oxidation of ethanol on Pt/C, Rh/C, and Pt/Rh/C-based electrocatalysts investigated by on-line DEMS journal, August 2012

In situ ATR-SEIRAS study of electrooxidation of dimethyl ether on a Pt electrode in acid solutions journal, May 2005

Monolayer-Level Ru- and NbO[sub 2]-Supported Platinum Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation journal, January 2008

Current Status of Hydrogen Production Techniques by Steam Reforming of Ethanol: A Review journal, September 2005

Determination of Single- and Multi-Component Nanoparticle Sizes by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy journal, January 2018

Temperature-Induced Deposition Method for Anchoring Metallic Nanoparticles onto Reflective Substrates for in Situ Electrochemical Infrared Spectroscopy journal, November 2004

Electrochemically modulated infrared spectroscopy (EMIRS) journal, January 1984

A Thin-Layer Electrochemical Cell for Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements of the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface journal, May 1985

Electrocatalytic Activity of Ordered Intermetallic Phases for Fuel Cell Applications journal, March 2004

Applications of the photoelastic modulator to polarization spectroscopy journal, March 1979

Synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation of carbon supported Pt, Pt–Rh, Pt–SnO2 and Pt–Rh–SnO2 nanoclusters journal, April 2009

The influence of PtRu atomic composition on the yields of ethanol oxidation: A study by in situ FTIR spectroscopy journal, November 2005

Ternary Electrocatalysts for Oxidizing Ethanol to Carbon Dioxide: Making Ir Capable of Splitting C–C Bond journal, December 2012

Metal crystallinity effects in electrocatalysis as probed by real-time FTIR spectroscopy: electrooxidation of formic acid, methanol, and ethanol on ordered low-index platinum surfaces journal, July 1990

Highly Active Iridium/Iridium–Tin/Tin Oxide Heterogeneous Nanoparticles as Alternative Electrocatalysts for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction journal, September 2011

Ternary PtSnRh–SnO2 nanoclusters: synthesis and electroactivity for ethanol oxidation fuel cell reaction journal, January 2011

Ethanol electrooxidation onto stepped surfaces modified by Ru deposition: electrochemical and spectroscopic studies journal, January 2008

Bimetallic Platinum–Rhodium Alloy Nanodendrites as Highly Active Electrocatalyst for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction journal, May 2018

Platinum–rhodium–tin/carbon electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in acid media: effect of the precursor addition order and the amount of tin journal, August 2015

Application of polarization-modulated Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy to the study of carbon monoxide adsorption and oxidation of a smooth platinum electrode journal, March 1984

Understanding of ethanol decomposition on Rh(111) from density functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations journal, May 2011

Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts for Anodic Oxidation of Alcohols journal, November 2012

The role of the steps in the cleavage of the C–C bond during ethanol oxidation on platinum electrodes journal, January 2009

Electrocatalysis by ad-atoms journal, April 1975

Mechanistic Study of Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid at Platinum in Acidic Solution by Time-Resolved Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy journal, August 2006

Ethanol Electrooxidation on a Carbon-Supported Pt Catalyst: Reaction Kinetics and Product Yields journal, December 2004

Elementary steps in the oxidation and dissociative chemisorption of ethanol on smooth and stepped surface planes of platinum electrodes journal, August 1996

ATR-IR spectroscopy at the metal–liquid interface: influence of film properties on anomalous band-shape journal, January 2001

Recent progress in the direct ethanol fuel cell: development of new platinum–tin electrocatalysts journal, September 2004

Theoretical means for searching bimetallic alloys as anode electrocatalysts for direct liquid-feed fuel cells journal, November 2007

On the role of Ru and Sn as promotors of methanol electro-oxidation over Pt journal, July 1995

Introduction to XAFS book, January 2010

Review: Direct ethanol fuel cells journal, July 2013

Design and Performance of a New Infrared Reflection Accessory for Spectroelectrochemical Studies journal, March 1996

The surface and materials science of tin oxide journal, January 2005

Electrooxidation of Ethanol at Room Temperature on Carbon-Supported Pt and Rh-Containing Catalysts: A DEMS Study journal, January 2014

In-situ FTIR study of the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol at iridium and rhodium electrodes journal, December 1994

Stabilization of Platinum Oxygen-Reduction Electrocatalysts Using Gold Clusters journal, January 2007

Investigation into the Competitive and Site-Specific Nature of Anion Adsorption on Pt Using In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy journal, October 2008

In situ infrared spectroscopy at electrochemical interfaces journal, August 1997

Infrared Study of Adsorbed Molecules on Metal Surfaces by Reflection Techniques journal, January 1966

Ethanol Electro-Oxidation on Ternary Platinum–Rhodium–Tin Nanocatalysts: Insights in the Atomic 3D Structure of the Active Catalytic Phase journal, April 2014

The use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for in situ recording of species in the electrode-electrolyte solution interphase journal, July 1983

Direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC): Electrical performances and reaction products distribution under operating conditions with different platinum-based anodes journal, July 2006

Sensitivity and Reproducibility in Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements at Single-Crystal Electrode Surfaces journal, September 1995

Electrocatalysis for the direct alcohol fuel cell journal, November 2006

Adsorption and oxidation of ethanol on colloid-based Pt/C, PtRu/C and Pt3Sn/C catalysts: In situ FTIR spectroscopy and on-line DEMS studies journal, January 2007

Vibrational spectroscopy of the electrode-solution interface. 2. Use of Fourier transform spectroscopy for recording infrared spectra of radical ion intermediates journal, April 1983

Electrooxidation pathways of simple alcohols at platinum in pure nonaqueous and concentrated aqueous environments as studied by real-time ftir spectroscopy journal, November 1989

Ethanol electrooxidation on novel carbon supported Pt/SnOx/C catalysts with varied Pt:Sn ratio journal, December 2007

Theory of the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure journal, October 1974

Enhancement of the Infrared Absorption from Molecular Monolayers with Thin Metal Overlayers journal, July 1980

Vibrational spectroscopy of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy journal, August 1981

A dems and FTir spectroscopic investigation of adsorbed ethanol on polycrystalline platinum journal, March 1994

Single potential-alteration surface infrared spectroscopy: examination of absorbed species involved in irreversible electrode reactions journal, September 1987

ATHENA , ARTEMIS , HEPHAESTUS : data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT
journal, June 2005

In Situ Characterization of Ternary Pt–Rh–SnO2/C Catalysts for Ethanol Electrooxidation
journal, March 2012

Ethanol oxidation on the ternary Pt–Rh–SnO2/C electrocatalysts with varied Pt:Rh:Sn ratios
journal, May 2010

Carbon-supported IrSn catalysts for a direct ethanol fuel cell
journal, October 2007

Infrared absorption study of adsorbed species at metal/water interface by use of the Kretschmann configuration
journal, July 1985

Recent advances in platinum monolayer electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: Scale-up synthesis, structure and activity of Pt shells on Pd cores
journal, March 2010

Design of a reflection–absorption experiment for studying the ir spectrum of molecules adsorbed on a metal surface
journal, November 1975

Molecular Orbital View of Chemisorbed Carbon Monoxide
journal, October 1964

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of surface species: a comparison of Fourier transform and dispersion methods
journal, February 1984

The Impact of Nanoscience on Heterogeneous Catalysis
journal, March 2003

Ethanol oxidation on metal oxide-supported platinum catalysts
journal, September 2009

Electromagnetic effect in enhanced infrared absorption of adsorbed molecules on thin metal films
journal, October 1986

Electrooxidation of ethanol on a Pt electrode in acid solutions: in situ ATR-SEIRAS study
journal, April 2005

An in Situ Infrared Study on the Effect of pH on Anion Adsorption at Pt(111) Electrodes from Acid Sulfate Solutions
journal, January 1996

Ethanol electro-oxidation on carbon-supported Pt, PtRu and Pt3Sn catalysts: A quantitative DEMS study
journal, March 2006

Electro-Oxidation of Ethanol on Pt, Rh, and PtRh Electrodes. A Study Using DEMS and in-Situ FTIR Techniques
journal, September 2002

Eine neue Methode der Anregung nichtstrahlender Oberflächenplasmaschwingungen
journal, January 1968

Infrared spectroscopic analysis of anions adsorbed from bisulfate-containing solutions on Pt(111) electrodes
journal, May 1996

Fundamentals of XAFS
journal, January 2014

Ethanol Reactions over the Surfaces of Noble Metal/Cerium Oxide Catalysts
journal, July 2004

Reflection Method for Obtaining the Infrared Spectrum of a Thin Layer on a Metal Surface
journal, March 1969

Ternary Pt/Rh/SnO₂ electrocatalysts for oxidizing ethanol to CO₂
journal, January 2009

Electro-oxidation of ethanol on Pt/C, Rh/C, and Pt/Rh/C-based electrocatalysts investigated by on-line DEMS
journal, August 2012

In situ ATR-SEIRAS study of electrooxidation of dimethyl ether on a Pt electrode in acid solutions
journal, May 2005

Monolayer-Level Ru- and NbO[sub 2]-Supported Platinum Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation
journal, January 2008

Current Status of Hydrogen Production Techniques by Steam Reforming of Ethanol: A Review
journal, September 2005

Determination of Single- and Multi-Component Nanoparticle Sizes by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
journal, January 2018

Temperature-Induced Deposition Method for Anchoring Metallic Nanoparticles onto Reflective Substrates for in Situ Electrochemical Infrared Spectroscopy
journal, November 2004

Electrochemically modulated infrared spectroscopy (EMIRS)
journal, January 1984

A Thin-Layer Electrochemical Cell for Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements of the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface
journal, May 1985

Electrocatalytic Activity of Ordered Intermetallic Phases for Fuel Cell Applications
journal, March 2004

Applications of the photoelastic modulator to polarization spectroscopy
journal, March 1979

Synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation of carbon supported Pt, Pt–Rh, Pt–SnO2 and Pt–Rh–SnO2 nanoclusters
journal, April 2009

The influence of PtRu atomic composition on the yields of ethanol oxidation: A study by in situ FTIR spectroscopy
journal, November 2005

Ternary Electrocatalysts for Oxidizing Ethanol to Carbon Dioxide: Making Ir Capable of Splitting C–C Bond
journal, December 2012

Metal crystallinity effects in electrocatalysis as probed by real-time FTIR spectroscopy: electrooxidation of formic acid, methanol, and ethanol on ordered low-index platinum surfaces
journal, July 1990

Highly Active Iridium/Iridium–Tin/Tin Oxide Heterogeneous Nanoparticles as Alternative Electrocatalysts for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
journal, September 2011

Ternary PtSnRh–SnO2 nanoclusters: synthesis and electroactivity for ethanol oxidation fuel cell reaction
journal, January 2011

Ethanol electrooxidation onto stepped surfaces modified by Ru deposition: electrochemical and spectroscopic studies
journal, January 2008

Bimetallic Platinum–Rhodium Alloy Nanodendrites as Highly Active Electrocatalyst for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
journal, May 2018

Platinum–rhodium–tin/carbon electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in acid media: effect of the precursor addition order and the amount of tin
journal, August 2015

Application of polarization-modulated Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy to the study of carbon monoxide adsorption and oxidation of a smooth platinum electrode
journal, March 1984

Understanding of ethanol decomposition on Rh(111) from density functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations
journal, May 2011

Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts for Anodic Oxidation of Alcohols
journal, November 2012

The role of the steps in the cleavage of the C–C bond during ethanol oxidation on platinum electrodes
journal, January 2009

Electrocatalysis by ad-atoms
journal, April 1975

Mechanistic Study of Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid at Platinum in Acidic Solution by Time-Resolved Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
journal, August 2006

Ethanol Electrooxidation on a Carbon-Supported Pt Catalyst: Reaction Kinetics and Product Yields
journal, December 2004

Elementary steps in the oxidation and dissociative chemisorption of ethanol on smooth and stepped surface planes of platinum electrodes
journal, August 1996

ATR-IR spectroscopy at the metal–liquid interface: influence of film properties on anomalous band-shape
journal, January 2001

Recent progress in the direct ethanol fuel cell: development of new platinum–tin electrocatalysts
journal, September 2004

Theoretical means for searching bimetallic alloys as anode electrocatalysts for direct liquid-feed fuel cells
journal, November 2007

On the role of Ru and Sn as promotors of methanol electro-oxidation over Pt
journal, July 1995

Introduction to XAFS
book, January 2010

Review: Direct ethanol fuel cells
journal, July 2013

Design and Performance of a New Infrared Reflection Accessory for Spectroelectrochemical Studies
journal, March 1996

The surface and materials science of tin oxide
journal, January 2005

Electrooxidation of Ethanol at Room Temperature on Carbon-Supported Pt and Rh-Containing Catalysts: A DEMS Study
journal, January 2014

In-situ FTIR study of the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol at iridium and rhodium electrodes
journal, December 1994

Stabilization of Platinum Oxygen-Reduction Electrocatalysts Using Gold Clusters
journal, January 2007

Investigation into the Competitive and Site-Specific Nature of Anion Adsorption on Pt Using In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
journal, October 2008

In situ infrared spectroscopy at electrochemical interfaces
journal, August 1997

Infrared Study of Adsorbed Molecules on Metal Surfaces by Reflection Techniques
journal, January 1966

Ethanol Electro-Oxidation on Ternary Platinum–Rhodium–Tin Nanocatalysts: Insights in the Atomic 3D Structure of the Active Catalytic Phase
journal, April 2014

The use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for in situ recording of species in the electrode-electrolyte solution interphase
journal, July 1983

Direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC): Electrical performances and reaction products distribution under operating conditions with different platinum-based anodes
journal, July 2006

Sensitivity and Reproducibility in Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements at Single-Crystal Electrode Surfaces
journal, September 1995

Electrocatalysis for the direct alcohol fuel cell
journal, November 2006

Adsorption and oxidation of ethanol on colloid-based Pt/C, PtRu/C and Pt3Sn/C catalysts: In situ FTIR spectroscopy and on-line DEMS studies
journal, January 2007

Vibrational spectroscopy of the electrode-solution interface. 2. Use of Fourier transform spectroscopy for recording infrared spectra of radical ion intermediates
journal, April 1983

Electrooxidation pathways of simple alcohols at platinum in pure nonaqueous and concentrated aqueous environments as studied by real-time ftir spectroscopy
journal, November 1989

Ethanol electrooxidation on novel carbon supported Pt/SnOx/C catalysts with varied Pt:Sn ratio
journal, December 2007

Theory of the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure
journal, October 1974

Enhancement of the Infrared Absorption from Molecular Monolayers with Thin Metal Overlayers
journal, July 1980

Vibrational spectroscopy of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
journal, August 1981

A dems and FTir spectroscopic investigation of adsorbed ethanol on polycrystalline platinum
journal, March 1994

Single potential-alteration surface infrared spectroscopy: examination of absorbed species involved in irreversible electrode reactions
journal, September 1987

Catalysis of ethanol electrooxidation by PtRu: the influence of catalyst composition
journal, August 2004

Platinum Monolayer Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts
journal, November 2007

Catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells
journal, June 2007