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Title: Detection of CMB-Cluster Lensing using Polarization Data from SPTpol

Abstract

Here, we report the first detection of gravitational lensing due to galaxy clusters using only the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The lensing signal is obtained using a new estimator that extracts the lensing dipole signature from stacked images formed by rotating the cluster-centered Stokes QU map cutouts along the direction of the locally measured background CMB polarization gradient. Using data from the SPTpol 500 deg2 survey at the locations of roughly 18 000 clusters with richness λ ≥ 10 from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year-3 full galaxy cluster catalog, we detect lensing at 4.8σ. The mean stacked mass of the selected sample is found to be (1.43 ± 0.40) × 1014M⊙ which is in good agreement with optical weak lensing based estimates using DES data and CMB-lensing based estimates using SPTpol temperature data. This measurement is a key first step for cluster cosmology with future low-noise CMB surveys, like CMB-S4, for which CMB polarization will be the primary channel for cluster lensing measurements.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
Contributing Org.:
SPTpol and DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1568875
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1572585; OSTI ID: 1595188; OSTI ID: 1596990; OSTI ID: 1607463; OSTI ID: 1659595; OSTI ID: 1685040; OSTI ID: 1737583
Report Number(s):
arXiv:1907.08605; FERMILAB-PUB-19-429-AE; DES-2018-0395
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; oai:inspirehep.net:1744661; TRN: US2100181
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; SC0015640; AC02-76SF00515; AST-1716965; CSSI-1835865; PLR-1248097; PHY-1125897; AST-1138766; AST-1536171; DP150103208; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-05CH11231; GBMF 947; 465376/2014-2; AYA2015-71825; ESP2015-66861; FPA2015-68048; SEV-2016-0588; SEV-2016-0597; MDM-2015-0509; FP7/2007-2013; 240672; 291329; 306478; CE110001020; AC05-00OR22725; SC0019193
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Gravitation and Astrophysics

Citation Formats

Raghunathan, S., Patil, S., Baxter, E., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Crawford, T. M., Holder, G. P., McClintock, T., Reichardt, C. L., Varga, T. N., Whitehorn, N., Ade, P. A. R., Allam, S., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avila, S., Avva, J. S., Bacon, D., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Bianchini, F., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Citron, R., Costanzi, M., Crites, A. T., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dobbs, M. A., Doel, P., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Feng, C., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gallicchio, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., George, E. M., Giannantonio, T., Gilbert, A., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., de Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Jeltema, T., Kind, M. Carrasco, Knox, L., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lima, M., Lowitz, A., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., McMahon, J. J., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Miquel, R., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Montgomery, J., Moran, C. Corbett, Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Ogando, R. L. C., Padin, S., Plazas, A. A., Pryke, C., Rapetti, D., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Rozo, E., Ruhl, J. E., Rykoff, E. S., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sanchez, E., Sayre, J. T., Scarpine, V., Schaffer, K. K., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Veach, T., De Vicente, J., Vieira, J. D., Vikram, V., Wang, G., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., and Zhang, Y. Detection of CMB-Cluster Lensing using Polarization Data from SPTpol. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.181301.
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Raghunathan, S., Patil, S., Baxter, E., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Crawford, T. M., Holder, G. P., McClintock, T., Reichardt, C. L., Varga, T. N., Whitehorn, N., Ade, P. A. R., Allam, S., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avila, S., Avva, J. S., Bacon, D., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Bianchini, F., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Citron, R., Costanzi, M., Crites, A. T., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dobbs, M. A., Doel, P., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Feng, C., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gallicchio, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., George, E. M., Giannantonio, T., Gilbert, A., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., de Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Jeltema, T., Kind, M. Carrasco, Knox, L., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lima, M., Lowitz, A., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., McMahon, J. J., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Miquel, R., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Montgomery, J., Moran, C. Corbett, Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Ogando, R. L. C., Padin, S., Plazas, A. A., Pryke, C., Rapetti, D., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Rozo, E., Ruhl, J. E., Rykoff, E. S., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sanchez, E., Sayre, J. T., Scarpine, V., Schaffer, K. K., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Veach, T., De Vicente, J., Vieira, J. D., Vikram, V., Wang, G., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., & Zhang, Y. Detection of CMB-Cluster Lensing using Polarization Data from SPTpol. United States. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.181301.
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Raghunathan, S., Patil, S., Baxter, E., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Crawford, T. M., Holder, G. P., McClintock, T., Reichardt, C. L., Varga, T. N., Whitehorn, N., Ade, P. A. R., Allam, S., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avila, S., Avva, J. S., Bacon, D., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Bianchini, F., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Citron, R., Costanzi, M., Crites, A. T., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dobbs, M. A., Doel, P., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Feng, C., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gallicchio, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., George, E. M., Giannantonio, T., Gilbert, A., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., de Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Jeltema, T., Kind, M. Carrasco, Knox, L., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lima, M., Lowitz, A., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., McMahon, J. J., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Miquel, R., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Montgomery, J., Moran, C. Corbett, Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Ogando, R. L. C., Padin, S., Plazas, A. A., Pryke, C., Rapetti, D., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Rozo, E., Ruhl, J. E., Rykoff, E. S., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sanchez, E., Sayre, J. T., Scarpine, V., Schaffer, K. K., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Veach, T., De Vicente, J., Vieira, J. D., Vikram, V., Wang, G., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., and Zhang, Y. Thu . "Detection of CMB-Cluster Lensing using Polarization Data from SPTpol". United States. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.181301. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1568875.
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@article{osti_1568875,
title = {Detection of CMB-Cluster Lensing using Polarization Data from SPTpol},
author = {Raghunathan, S. and Patil, S. and Baxter, E. and Benson, B. A. and Bleem, L. E. and Crawford, T. M. and Holder, G. P. and McClintock, T. and Reichardt, C. L. and Varga, T. N. and Whitehorn, N. and Ade, P. A. R. and Allam, S. and Anderson, A. J. and Austermann, J. E. and Avila, S. and Avva, J. S. and Bacon, D. and Beall, J. A. and Bender, A. N. and Bianchini, F. and Bocquet, S. and Brooks, D. and Burke, D. L. and Carlstrom, J. E. and Carretero, J. and Castander, F. J. and Chang, C. L. and Chiang, H. C. and Citron, R. and Costanzi, M. and Crites, A. T. and da Costa, L. N. and Desai, S. and Diehl, H. T. and Dietrich, J. P. and Dobbs, M. A. and Doel, P. and Everett, S. and Evrard, A. E. and Feng, C. and Flaugher, B. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and Gallicchio, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and George, E. M. and Giannantonio, T. and Gilbert, A. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gupta, N. and Gutierrez, G. and de Haan, T. and Halverson, N. W. and Harrington, N. and Henning, J. W. and Hilton, G. C. and Hollowood, D. L. and Holzapfel, W. L. and Honscheid, K. and Hrubes, J. D. and Huang, N. and Hubmayr, J. and Irwin, K. D. and Jeltema, T. and Kind, M. Carrasco and Knox, L. and Kuropatkin, N. and Lahav, O. and Lee, A. T. and Li, D. and Lima, M. and Lowitz, A. and Maia, M. A. G. and Marshall, J. L. and McMahon, J. J. and Melchior, P. and Menanteau, F. and Meyer, S. S. and Miquel, R. and Mocanu, L. M. and Mohr, J. J. and Montgomery, J. and Moran, C. Corbett and Nadolski, A. and Natoli, T. and Nibarger, J. P. and Noble, G. and Novosad, V. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Padin, S. and Plazas, A. A. and Pryke, C. and Rapetti, D. and Romer, A. K. and Roodman, A. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Rozo, E. and Ruhl, J. E. and Rykoff, E. S. and Saliwanchik, B. R. and Sanchez, E. and Sayre, J. T. and Scarpine, V. and Schaffer, K. K. and Schubnell, M. and Serrano, S. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Sievers, C. and Smecher, G. and Smith, M. and Soares-Santos, M. and Stark, A. A. and Story, K. T. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. E. C. and Tarle, G. and Tucker, C. and Vanderlinde, K. and Veach, T. and De Vicente, J. and Vieira, J. D. and Vikram, V. and Wang, G. and Wu, W. L. K. and Yefremenko, V. and Zhang, Y.},
abstractNote = {Here, we report the first detection of gravitational lensing due to galaxy clusters using only the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The lensing signal is obtained using a new estimator that extracts the lensing dipole signature from stacked images formed by rotating the cluster-centered Stokes QU map cutouts along the direction of the locally measured background CMB polarization gradient. Using data from the SPTpol 500 deg2 survey at the locations of roughly 18 000 clusters with richness λ ≥ 10 from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year-3 full galaxy cluster catalog, we detect lensing at 4.8σ. The mean stacked mass of the selected sample is found to be (1.43 ± 0.40) × 1014M⊙ which is in good agreement with optical weak lensing based estimates using DES data and CMB-lensing based estimates using SPTpol temperature data. This measurement is a key first step for cluster cosmology with future low-noise CMB surveys, like CMB-S4, for which CMB polarization will be the primary channel for cluster lensing measurements.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.181301},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 18,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {10}
}
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