Terpene Synthases as Metabolic Gatekeepers in the Evolution of Plant Terpenoid Chemical Diversity
Abstract
Terpenoids comprise tens of thousands of small molecule natural products that are widely distributed across all domains of life. Plants produce by far the largest array of terpenoids with various roles in development and chemical ecology. Driven by selective pressure to adapt to their specific ecological niche, individual species form only a fraction of the myriad plant terpenoids, typically representing unique metabolite blends. Terpene synthase (TPS) enzymes are the gatekeepers in generating terpenoid diversity by catalyzing complex carbocation-driven cyclization, rearrangement, and elimination reactions that enable the transformation of a few acyclic prenyl diphosphate substrates into a vast chemical library of hydrocarbon and, for a few enzymes, oxygenated terpene scaffolds. The seven currently defined clades (a-h) forming the plant TPS family evolved from ancestral triterpene synthase- and prenyl transferase-type enzymes through repeated events of gene duplication and subsequent loss, gain, or fusion of protein domains and further functional diversification. Lineage-specific expansion of these TPS clades led to variable family sizes that may range from a single TPS gene to families of more than 100 members that may further function as part of modular metabolic networks to maximize the number of possible products. Accompanying gene family expansion, the TPS family shows amore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1567897
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1633652
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0019178
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Frontiers in Plant Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Frontiers in Plant Science Journal Volume: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1664-462X
- Publisher:
- Frontiers Research Foundation
- Country of Publication:
- Switzerland
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; terpenoids; terpene synthases; plant specialized metabolism; plant chemical diversity; terpenoid biosynthesis; natural products
Citation Formats
Karunanithi, Prema S., and Zerbe, Philipp. Terpene Synthases as Metabolic Gatekeepers in the Evolution of Plant Terpenoid Chemical Diversity. Switzerland: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01166.
Karunanithi, Prema S., & Zerbe, Philipp. Terpene Synthases as Metabolic Gatekeepers in the Evolution of Plant Terpenoid Chemical Diversity. Switzerland. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01166.
Karunanithi, Prema S., and Zerbe, Philipp. Tue .
"Terpene Synthases as Metabolic Gatekeepers in the Evolution of Plant Terpenoid Chemical Diversity". Switzerland. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01166.
@article{osti_1567897,
title = {Terpene Synthases as Metabolic Gatekeepers in the Evolution of Plant Terpenoid Chemical Diversity},
author = {Karunanithi, Prema S. and Zerbe, Philipp},
abstractNote = {Terpenoids comprise tens of thousands of small molecule natural products that are widely distributed across all domains of life. Plants produce by far the largest array of terpenoids with various roles in development and chemical ecology. Driven by selective pressure to adapt to their specific ecological niche, individual species form only a fraction of the myriad plant terpenoids, typically representing unique metabolite blends. Terpene synthase (TPS) enzymes are the gatekeepers in generating terpenoid diversity by catalyzing complex carbocation-driven cyclization, rearrangement, and elimination reactions that enable the transformation of a few acyclic prenyl diphosphate substrates into a vast chemical library of hydrocarbon and, for a few enzymes, oxygenated terpene scaffolds. The seven currently defined clades (a-h) forming the plant TPS family evolved from ancestral triterpene synthase- and prenyl transferase-type enzymes through repeated events of gene duplication and subsequent loss, gain, or fusion of protein domains and further functional diversification. Lineage-specific expansion of these TPS clades led to variable family sizes that may range from a single TPS gene to families of more than 100 members that may further function as part of modular metabolic networks to maximize the number of possible products. Accompanying gene family expansion, the TPS family shows a profound functional plasticity, where minor active site alterations can dramatically impact product outcome, thus enabling the emergence of new functions with minimal investment in evolving new enzymes. This article reviews current knowledge on the functional diversity and molecular evolution of the plant TPS family that underlies the chemical diversity of bioactive terpenoids across the plant kingdom.},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.01166},
journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
number = ,
volume = 10,
place = {Switzerland},
year = {2019},
month = {10}
}
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DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01166
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01166
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