Title: Detection of Organohalide-Respiring Enzyme Biomarkers at a Bioaugmented TCE-Contaminated Field Site

Abstract

RNA-based biomarkers have been successfully detected at field sites undergoing in situ bioremediation, but the detection of expressed enzymes is a more direct way to prove activity for a particular biocatalytic process of interest since they provide evidence of potential in situ activity rather than simply confirming presence and abundance of genes in a given population by measurement of DNA copies using qPCR. Here we successfully applied shotgun proteomics to field samples from a trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated industrial site in southern Ontario, Canada that had been bioaugmented with the commercially available KB-1^TM microbial culture. The KB-1^TM culture contains multiple strains of Dehalococcoides mccartyi (D. mccartyi) as well as an organohalide respiring Geobacter species. The relative abundances of specific enzymatic proteins were subsequently compared to corresponding qPCR-derived levels of DNA and RNA biomarkers in the same samples. Samples were obtained from two wells with high hydraulic connectivity to the KB-1^TM-bioaugemented enhanced in situ bioremediation system, and two control wells that showed evidence of low levels of native organohalide respiring bacteria (OHRB), Dehalococcoides and Geobacter. Enzymes involved in organohalide respiration were detected in the metaproteomes of all four field samples, as were chaperonins of D. mccartyi, chemotaxis proteins, and ATPases. The most highlymore » expressed RDase in the bioaugmentation culture (VcrA) was the most highly detected enzyme overall in the bioaugmented groundwater samples. In one background groundwater well, we found high expression of the Geobacter pceA RDase. The DNA and RNA biomarkers detected using qPCR-based assays were a set of orthologs of Dehalococcoides reductive dehalogenases (VcrA, TceA, BvcA, dehalogenase “DET1545”), and the Ni-Fe uptake hydrogenase, HupL. Within a sample, RNA levels for key enzymes correlated with relative protein abundance. These results indicate that laboratory observations of TCE-bioremediation biomarker protein expression are recapitulated in field environmental systems and that both RNA and protein biomarker monitoring hold promise for activity monitoring of in situ populations of OHRB.« less

Authors:

Heavner, Gretchen L. ^[1]; Mansfeldt, Cresten B. ^[1]; Wilkins, Michael J. ^[2]; Nicora, Carrie D.  ^[2];

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Debs, Garrett E. ^[1]; Edwards, Elizabeth A. ^[3]; Richardson, Ruth E. ^[1]

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
2. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Biological Sciences Division
3. Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada). Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry

Publication Date:

2019-06-27

Research Org.:

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE

OSTI Identifier:

1567199

Report Number(s):

PNNL-SA-147432
Journal ID: ISSN 1664-302X

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Frontiers in Microbiology

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1664-302X

Publisher:

Frontiers Research Foundation

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; reductive dehalogenase, organohalide respiration, Dehalococcoides, Trichloroethene, biomarkers, Geobacter, proteomics, KB-1