Quantum-Hall to Insulator Transition in Ultra-Low-Carrier-Density Topological Insulator Films and a Hidden Phase of the Zeroth Landau Level
Abstract
A key feature of the topological surface state under a magnetic field is the presence of the zeroth Landau level at the zero energy. Nonetheless, it is challenging to probe the zeroth Landau level due to large electron-hole puddles smearing its energy landscape. Furthermore, by developing ultra-low-carrier density topological insulator Sb2Te3 films, an extreme quantum limit of the topological surface state is reached and a hidden phase at the zeroth Landau level is uncovered. First, an unexpected quantum-Hall-to-insulator-transition near the zeroth Landau level is discovered. Then, through a detailed scaling analysis, it is found that this quantum-Hall-to-insulator-transition belongs to a new universality class, implying that the insulating phase discovered here has a fundamentally different origin from those in nontopological systems.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[4];
[1];
[5];
[1]
- Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ (United States)
- Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
- Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1566877
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1530473
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-212137-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704; AC02−98CH10886; AC02‐76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 31; Journal Issue: 36; Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; quantum Hall effect; quantum Hall to insulator transition; scaling analysis; topological insulator thin‐films; zeroth Landau level
Citation Formats
Salehi, Maryam, Shapourian, Hassan, Rosen, Ilan Thomas, Han, Myung‐Geun, Moon, Jisoo, Shibayev, Pavel, Jain, Deepti, Goldhaber‐Gordon, David, and Oh, Seongshik. Quantum-Hall to Insulator Transition in Ultra-Low-Carrier-Density Topological Insulator Films and a Hidden Phase of the Zeroth Landau Level. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1002/adma.201901091.
Salehi, Maryam, Shapourian, Hassan, Rosen, Ilan Thomas, Han, Myung‐Geun, Moon, Jisoo, Shibayev, Pavel, Jain, Deepti, Goldhaber‐Gordon, David, & Oh, Seongshik. Quantum-Hall to Insulator Transition in Ultra-Low-Carrier-Density Topological Insulator Films and a Hidden Phase of the Zeroth Landau Level. United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901091
Salehi, Maryam, Shapourian, Hassan, Rosen, Ilan Thomas, Han, Myung‐Geun, Moon, Jisoo, Shibayev, Pavel, Jain, Deepti, Goldhaber‐Gordon, David, and Oh, Seongshik. Mon .
"Quantum-Hall to Insulator Transition in Ultra-Low-Carrier-Density Topological Insulator Films and a Hidden Phase of the Zeroth Landau Level". United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901091. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1566877.
@article{osti_1566877,
title = {Quantum-Hall to Insulator Transition in Ultra-Low-Carrier-Density Topological Insulator Films and a Hidden Phase of the Zeroth Landau Level},
author = {Salehi, Maryam and Shapourian, Hassan and Rosen, Ilan Thomas and Han, Myung‐Geun and Moon, Jisoo and Shibayev, Pavel and Jain, Deepti and Goldhaber‐Gordon, David and Oh, Seongshik},
abstractNote = {A key feature of the topological surface state under a magnetic field is the presence of the zeroth Landau level at the zero energy. Nonetheless, it is challenging to probe the zeroth Landau level due to large electron-hole puddles smearing its energy landscape. Furthermore, by developing ultra-low-carrier density topological insulator Sb2Te3 films, an extreme quantum limit of the topological surface state is reached and a hidden phase at the zeroth Landau level is uncovered. First, an unexpected quantum-Hall-to-insulator-transition near the zeroth Landau level is discovered. Then, through a detailed scaling analysis, it is found that this quantum-Hall-to-insulator-transition belongs to a new universality class, implying that the insulating phase discovered here has a fundamentally different origin from those in nontopological systems.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201901091},
journal = {Advanced Materials},
number = 36,
volume = 31,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {7}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 7 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Current scaling in the integer quantum Hall effect
journal, November 1994
- Wei, H. P.; Engel, L. W.; Tsui, D. C.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 50, Issue 19
Quantum Hall liquid-to-insulator transition in As/InPt heterostructures
journal, June 1997
- Pan, W.; Shahar, D.; Tsui, D. C.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 55, Issue 23
Optical Properties of Titanium-Doped Sb2Te3 Single Crystals
journal, October 1995
- Drašar, Č.; Lošťák, P.; Navrátil, J.
- physica status solidi (b), Vol. 191, Issue 2
Integer Quantum Hall Effect of Interacting Electrons: Dynamical Scaling and Critical Conductivity
journal, June 1999
- Huckestein, Bodo; Backhaus, Michael
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 25
Landau Quantization and the Thickness Limit of Topological Insulator Thin Films of
journal, January 2012
- Jiang, Yeping; Wang, Yilin; Chen, Mu
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 1
Quantum critical behaviour of the plateau-insulator transition in the quantum Hall regime
journal, November 2006
- Visser, A. de; Ponomarenko, L. A.; Galistu, G.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 51
Quantized Faraday and Kerr rotation and axion electrodynamics of a 3D topological insulator
journal, December 2016
- Wu, L.; Salehi, M.; Koirala, N.
- Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6316
Influence of Ti doping on galvanomagnetic properties and valence band energy spectrum of Sb 2- x Ti x Te 3 single crystals
journal, January 1999
- Kulbachinskii, V. A.; Miura, N.; Nakagawa, H.
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 11, Issue 27
Transport coefficients of titanium-doped Sb2Te3 single crystals
journal, April 2005
- Drašar, Č.; Steinhart, M.; Lošťák, P.
- Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 178, Issue 4
Chiral Majorana fermion modes in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator–superconductor structure
journal, July 2017
- He, Qing Lin; Pan, Lei; Stern, Alexander L.
- Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6348
Scaling in Plateau-to-Plateau Transition: A Direct Connection of Quantum Hall Systems with the Anderson Localization Model
journal, May 2009
- Li, Wanli; Vicente, C. L.; Xia, J. S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 21
Metal-to-insulator switching in quantum anomalous Hall states
journal, October 2015
- Kou, Xufeng; Pan, Lei; Wang, Jing
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
A magnetic heterostructure of topological insulators as a candidate for an axion insulator
journal, February 2017
- Mogi, M.; Kawamura, M.; Yoshimi, R.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 5
Solution to the Hole-Doping Problem and Tunable Quantum Hall Effect in Bi 2 Se 3 Thin Films
journal, January 2018
- Moon, Jisoo; Koirala, Nikesh; Salehi, Maryam
- Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Probing the Plateau-Insulator Quantum Phase Transition in the Quantum Hall Regime
journal, February 2000
- van Schaijk, R. T. F.; de Visser, A.; Olsthoorn, S. M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 7
Quantum Hall Superfluids in Topological Insulator Thin Films
journal, December 2011
- Tilahun, Dagim; Lee, Byounghak; Hankiewicz, E. M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 24
Quantum Hall effect on top and bottom surface states of topological insulator (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 films
journal, April 2015
- Yoshimi, R.; Tsukazaki, A.; Kozuka, Y.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Observation of topological surface state quantum Hall effect in an intrinsic three-dimensional topological insulator
journal, November 2014
- Xu, Yang; Miotkowski, Ireneusz; Liu, Chang
- Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 12
Experimental evidence for a two-dimensional quantized Hall insulator
journal, October 1998
- Hilke, M.; Shahar, D.; Song, S. H.
- Nature, Vol. 395, Issue 6703
Scaling of the quantum Hall plateau-plateau transition in graphene
journal, December 2009
- Giesbers, A. J. M.; Zeitler, U.; Ponomarenko, L. A.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 24
Universal Conductivity at the Quantum Hall Liquid to Insulator Transition
journal, May 1995
- Shahar, D.; Tsui, D. C.; Shayegan, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 74, Issue 22
Universal Singularities in the Integral Quantum Hall Effect
journal, September 1988
- Pruisken, A. M. M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 61, Issue 11
Landau Quantization of Topological Surface States in
journal, August 2010
- Cheng, Peng; Song, Canli; Zhang, Tong
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 7
Model Hamiltonian for topological insulators
journal, July 2010
- Liu, Chao-Xing; Qi, Xiao-Liang; Zhang, HaiJun
- Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 4
Colloquium: Topological insulators
journal, November 2010
- Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4, p. 3045-3067
Momentum-resolved Landau-level spectroscopy of Dirac surface state in
journal, August 2010
- Hanaguri, T.; Igarashi, K.; Kawamura, M.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 8
Record Surface State Mobility and Quantum Hall Effect in Topological Insulator Thin Films via Interface Engineering
journal, November 2015
- Koirala, Nikesh; Brahlek, Matthew; Salehi, Maryam
- Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 12
Topological Insulator Materials
journal, October 2013
- Ando, Yoichi
- Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 82, Issue 10, Article No. 102001
Large bulk resistivity and surface quantum oscillations in the topological insulator
journal, December 2010
- Ren, Zhi; Taskin, A. A.; Sasaki, Satoshi
- Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 24
Observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator to Anderson Insulator Quantum Phase Transition and its Scaling Behavior
journal, September 2016
- Chang, Cui-Zu; Zhao, Weiwei; Li, Jian
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 12
Scaling theory of the integer quantum Hall effect
journal, April 1995
- Huckestein, Bodo
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 67, Issue 2
Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator
journal, March 2008
- Fu, Liang; Kane, C. L.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 9
Band structure engineering in (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 ternary topological insulators
journal, September 2011
- Zhang, Jinsong; Chang, Cui-Zu; Zhang, Zuocheng
- Nature Communications, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Effects of Electron-Electron Interactions on the Integer Quantum Hall Transitions
journal, May 1996
- Lee, Dung-Hai; Wang, Ziqiang
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 76, Issue 21
Two-dimensional surface state in the quantum limit of a topological insulator
journal, November 2010
- Analytis, James G.; McDonald, Ross D.; Riggs, Scott C.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 12
Quantum transport of two-species Dirac fermions in dual-gated three-dimensional topological insulators
journal, May 2016
- Xu, Yang; Miotkowski, Ireneusz; Chen, Yong P.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Global phase diagram in the quantum Hall effect
journal, July 1992
- Kivelson, Steven; Lee, Dung-Hai; Zhang, Shou-Cheng
- Physical Review B, Vol. 46, Issue 4
Observation of Zeeman effect in topological surface state with distinct material dependence
journal, February 2016
- Fu, Ying-Shuang; Hanaguri, T.; Igarashi, K.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Finite-Size and Composition-Driven Topological Phase Transition in (Bi 1– x In x ) 2 Se 3 Thin Films
journal, August 2016
- Salehi, Maryam; Shapourian, Hassan; Koirala, Nikesh
- Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 9
Works referencing / citing this record:
Finite-Size and Composition-Driven Topological Phase Transition in (Bi 1– x In x ) 2 Se 3 Thin Films
journal, August 2016
- Salehi, Maryam; Shapourian, Hassan; Koirala, Nikesh
- Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 9
Quantum transport of two-species Dirac fermions in dual-gated three-dimensional topological insulators
journal, May 2016
- Xu, Yang; Miotkowski, Ireneusz; Chen, Yong P.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Solution to the Hole-Doping Problem and Tunable Quantum Hall Effect in Bi 2 Se 3 Thin Films
journal, January 2018
- Moon, Jisoo; Koirala, Nikesh; Salehi, Maryam
- Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Metal-to-insulator switching in quantum anomalous Hall states
journal, October 2015
- Kou, Xufeng; Pan, Lei; Wang, Jing
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Two-dimensional surface state in the quantum limit of a topological insulator
journal, November 2010
- Analytis, James G.; McDonald, Ross D.; Riggs, Scott C.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 12
Experimental evidence for a two-dimensional quantized Hall insulator
journal, October 1998
- Hilke, M.; Shahar, D.; Song, S. H.
- Nature, Vol. 395, Issue 6703
Band structure engineering in (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 ternary topological insulators
journal, September 2011
- Zhang, Jinsong; Chang, Cui-Zu; Zhang, Zuocheng
- Nature Communications, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Observation of Zeeman effect in topological surface state with distinct material dependence
journal, February 2016
- Fu, Ying-Shuang; Hanaguri, T.; Igarashi, K.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Optical Properties of Titanium-Doped Sb2Te3 Single Crystals
journal, October 1995
- Drašar, Č.; Lošťák, P.; Navrátil, J.
- physica status solidi (b), Vol. 191, Issue 2
Colloquium: Topological insulators
journal, November 2010
- Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4, p. 3045-3067
A magnetic heterostructure of topological insulators as a candidate for an axion insulator
journal, February 2017
- Mogi, M.; Kawamura, M.; Yoshimi, R.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 5
Observation of topological surface state quantum Hall effect in an intrinsic three-dimensional topological insulator
journal, November 2014
- Xu, Yang; Miotkowski, Ireneusz; Liu, Chang
- Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 12
Record Surface State Mobility and Quantum Hall Effect in Topological Insulator Thin Films via Interface Engineering
journal, November 2015
- Koirala, Nikesh; Brahlek, Matthew; Salehi, Maryam
- Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 12
Chiral Majorana fermion modes in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator–superconductor structure
journal, July 2017
- He, Qing Lin; Pan, Lei; Stern, Alexander L.
- Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6348
Quantum Hall effect on top and bottom surface states of topological insulator (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 films
journal, April 2015
- Yoshimi, R.; Tsukazaki, A.; Kozuka, Y.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Transport coefficients of titanium-doped Sb2Te3 single crystals
journal, April 2005
- Drašar, Č.; Steinhart, M.; Lošťák, P.
- Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 178, Issue 4
Quantized Faraday and Kerr rotation and axion electrodynamics of a 3D topological insulator
journal, December 2016
- Wu, L.; Salehi, M.; Koirala, N.
- Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6316
The Material Efforts for Quantized Hall Devices Based on Topological Insulators
journal, December 2019
- Fei, Fucong; Zhang, Shuai; Zhang, Minhao
- Advanced Materials
Synthesis and resistivity of topological metal MoP nanostructures
journal, January 2020
- Han, Hyeuk Jin; Hynek, David; Wu, Zishan
- APL Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 1