Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in NO2

Bhattacharyya, Souryadeep; Han, Rebecca; Joshi, Jayraj N.; Zhu, Guanghui; Lively, Ryan P.; Walton, Krista S.; Sholl, David S.; Nair, Sankar

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11377

Title: Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in NO₂

Abstract

The use of nanoporous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) in separation processes is promising, but the presence of acid gases such as SO_x or NO_x in process streams can have detrimental results. Although we have recently developed a mechanistic picture of SO_x–ZIF interactions, here we describe the remarkably different effects of NO₂ on ZIFs. ZIFs with a representative range of SO_x stabilities are all unstable—as defined by loss of crystallinity and porosity—in dry and humid NO₂, whereas most ZIFs are stable in dry SO_x and some even in humid SO_x. A detailed mechanism is developed based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. H-abstraction by free radical NO₂ and subsequent acidic species formation are the major degradation pathways, while adsorbed HNO₃ formation in humid conditions is an additional pathway in hydrophilic ZIFs. These findings strongly suggest that new strategies to stabilize ZIFs/metal–organic frameworks toward NO₂ attack are required.

Authors:

Bhattacharyya, Souryadeep ^[1]; Han, Rebecca ^[1]; Joshi, Jayraj N. ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2019

Research Org.:: Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC); Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1566526

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012577

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; catalysis (heterogeneous); defects; membrane; carbon capture; materials and chemistry by design; synthesis (novel materials); synthesis (self-assembly); synthesis (scalable processing)

Citation Formats


                    Bhattacharyya, Souryadeep, Han, Rebecca, Joshi, Jayraj N., Zhu, Guanghui, Lively, Ryan P., Walton, Krista S., Sholl, David S., and Nair, Sankar. Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in NO2.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11377.

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                    Bhattacharyya, Souryadeep, Han, Rebecca, Joshi, Jayraj N., Zhu, Guanghui, Lively, Ryan P., Walton, Krista S., Sholl, David S., & Nair, Sankar. Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in NO2.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11377

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                    Bhattacharyya, Souryadeep, Han, Rebecca, Joshi, Jayraj N., Zhu, Guanghui, Lively, Ryan P., Walton, Krista S., Sholl, David S., and Nair, Sankar. Fri .  
"Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in NO2".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11377.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1566526.

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@article{osti_1566526,

  title        = {Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in NO2},

  author       = {Bhattacharyya, Souryadeep and Han, Rebecca and Joshi, Jayraj N. and Zhu, Guanghui and Lively, Ryan P. and Walton, Krista S. and Sholl, David S. and Nair, Sankar},

  abstractNote = {The use of nanoporous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) in separation processes is promising, but the presence of acid gases such as SOx or NOx in process streams can have detrimental results. Although we have recently developed a mechanistic picture of SOx–ZIF interactions, here we describe the remarkably different effects of NO2 on ZIFs. ZIFs with a representative range of SOx stabilities are all unstable—as defined by loss of crystallinity and porosity—in dry and humid NO2, whereas most ZIFs are stable in dry SOx and some even in humid SOx. A detailed mechanism is developed based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. H-abstraction by free radical NO2 and subsequent acidic species formation are the major degradation pathways, while adsorbed HNO3 formation in humid conditions is an additional pathway in hydrophilic ZIFs. These findings strongly suggest that new strategies to stabilize ZIFs/metal–organic frameworks toward NO2 attack are required.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11377},

  journal      = {Journal of Physical Chemistry. C},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 123,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2019},

  month        = {Fri Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2019}

}

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DOI: 10.1039/b402195a

Works referencing / citing this record:

Transistor‐Based Work‐Function Measurement of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Ultra‐Low‐Power, Rationally Designed Chemical Sensors
journal, September 2019

Gardner, David W.; Gao, Xiang; Fahad, Hossain M.
Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 57
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902483

Structure and electronic properties of rare earth DOBDC metal–organic-frameworks
journal, January 2019

Vogel, Dayton J.; Sava Gallis, Dorina F.; Nenoff, Tina M.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 41
DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04038b

A Simple Step toward Enhancing Hydrothermal Stability of ZIF-8
journal, November 2019

Tanaka, Shunsuke; Tanaka, Yasuhito
ACS Omega, Vol. 4, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02812

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Here, acid gases such as SO₂ and CO₂ are present in many environments in which the use of nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is envisaged. Among metal-organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have been extensively explored as membranes or adsorbents. However, there is little systematic knowledge of the effects of acid gas exposure on the structure of ZIFs, in particular the mechanistic aspects of ZIF degradation by acid gases as well as the effects of ZIF crystal topology and linker composition on their stability. Here we present a generalized and quantitative investigation of the kinetic and thermodynamic acid gas stability ofmore »« less
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Title: Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in NO2

Abstract

Citation Formats

Reactive Adsorption of NO 2 on Copper-Based Metal−Organic Framework and Graphite Oxide/Metal−Organic Framework Composites journal, November 2010

SO x /NO x Removal from Flue Gas Streams by Solid Adsorbents: A Review of Current Challenges and Future Directions journal, August 2015

Carbon Dioxide Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks journal, September 2011

Control of Pore Size and Functionality in Isoreticular Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and their Carbon Dioxide Selective Capture Properties journal, March 2009

Synthesis, Structure, and Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks journal, January 2010

Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Next-Generation Materials for Energy-Efficient Gas Separations journal, October 2014

Research Challenges in Avoiding “Showstoppers” in Developing Materials for Large-Scale Energy Applications journal, October 2017

Acid Gas Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Generalized Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characteristics journal, May 2018

Heat-Treatment of Defective UiO-66 from Modulated Synthesis: Adsorption and Stability Studies journal, October 2017

Synergistic Effects of Water and SO 2 on Degradation of MIL-125 in the Presence of Acid Gases journal, November 2016

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Air Purification of Toxic Chemicals journal, April 2014

Reactive adsorption of acidic gases on MOF/graphite oxide composites journal, May 2012

A UiO-66 analogue with uncoordinated carboxylic acids for the broad-spectrum removal of toxic chemicals journal, January 2015

Effect of amine modification on the properties of zirconium–carboxylic acid based materials and their applications as NO2 adsorbents at ambient conditions journal, April 2014

Interactions of NO 2 with Zr-Based MOF: Effects of the Size of Organic Linkers on NO 2 Adsorption at Ambient Conditions journal, December 2012

Extraordinary NO 2 Removal by the Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66-NH 2 journal, April 2016

High-Throughput Screening of Metal–Organic Frameworks for CO 2 Separation journal, March 2012

Water Stability and Adsorption in Metal–Organic Frameworks journal, September 2014

Revisiting isoreticular MOFs of alkaline earth metals: a comprehensive study on phase stability, electronic structure, chemical bonding, and optical properties of A–IRMOF-1 (A = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) journal, January 2011

Ten new predicted covalent organic frameworks with strong optical response in the visible and near infrared journal, June 2015

Computation-Ready, Experimental Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Tool To Enable High-Throughput Screening of Nanoporous Crystals journal, October 2014

A Comprehensive Set of High-Quality Point Charges for Simulations of Metal–Organic Frameworks journal, January 2016

Adsorption and Diffusion of Small Alcohols in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-90 journal, February 2013

Alcohol and water adsorption in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks journal, January 2013

Applicability of the BET Method for Determining Surface Areas of Microporous Metal−Organic Frameworks journal, July 2007

A new method of generation of gases at parts per million levels for preparation of standard gases journal, April 1980

Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks journal, June 2006

High-Throughput Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and Application to CO2 Capture journal, February 2008

Crystals as Molecules Postsynthesis Covalent Functionalization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks journal, September 2008

MOFomics: Computational pore characterization of metal–organic frameworks journal, January 2013

Interactions of SO 2 -Containing Acid Gases with ZIF-8: Structural Changes and Mechanistic Investigations journal, November 2016

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-71 nanocrystals and a novel SOD-type polymorph: solution mediated phase transformations, phase selection via coordination modulation and a density functional theory derived energy landscape journal, January 2014

H 2 O-Functionalized Zeolitic Zn(2-methylimidazole) 2 Framework (ZIF-8) for H 2 Storage journal, September 2014

In situ high pressure study of ZIF-8 by FTIR spectroscopy journal, January 2011

Reaction of hexane soot with nitrogen dioxide/nitrogen oxide (N2O4) journal, October 1984

Heterogeneous Reaction of NO 2 on Hexane Soot: A Knudsen Cell and FT-IR Study journal, December 2000

Nature and thermal stability of adsorbed intermediates formed during the reaction of diesel soot with nitrogen dioxide journal, December 2006

Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Metronidazole and Tinidazole journal, January 2015

Raman and i.r. spectra of zinc, cadmium and calcium nitrate: A study of the low temperature phase transitions in calcium nitrate journal, January 1976

Control Preparation of Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate Nanocrystals and Examination of the Chemical and Structural Stability journal, April 2012

Low temperature synthesis and characterization of rosette-like nanostructures of ZnO using solution process journal, February 2009

Synthesis, Characterization and Effect of pH Variation on Zinc Oxide Nanostructures journal, January 2009

FTIR Spectroscopic Investigation of the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Heterogeneous Reactions of NO 2 and HNO 3 with Soot journal, October 2000

Heterogeneous reactions of NO2 and NO–O2 on the surface of carbons journal, February 2003

Vibrational spectrum, torsional potential, and bonding of gaseous N 2 O 4 journal, August 1974

Infrared absorption intensities of nitrous acid (HONO) fundamental bands journal, July 1983

Protonic Conductivity of Nanocrystalline Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 8 journal, January 2015

Hydrophobic-ZIF-71 filled PEBA mixed matrix membranes for recovery of biobutanol via pervaporation journal, November 2013

Nanocrystals and nanomaterials of isoreticular zeolitic imidazolate frameworks journal, November 2015

Highly permeable zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-71 nano-particles enhanced polyimide membranes for gas separation journal, October 2014

A superhydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-90) with high steam stability for efficient recovery of bioalcohols journal, January 2016

Room-temperature synthesis of ZIF-90 nanocrystals and the derived nano-composite membranes for hydrogen separation journal, January 2013

The Reactivity And Structure Of Nitrogen Dioxide journal, December 1955

Reaction of NO 2 with Selected Conjugated Alkenes journal, December 2013

Gas/Solid Reactions with Nitrogen Dioxide journal, September 1995

Reaction of nitrogen dioxide with alkenes and polyunsaturated fatty acids: addition and hydrogen-abstraction mechanisms journal, December 1982

Rates and mechanisms of reactions of nitrogen dioxide with alkenes in solution journal, November 1987

Interaction of NO 2 with Hydrocarbon Soot: Focus on HONO Yield, Surface Modification, and Mechanism journal, July 2007

Features of mechanism of free radical initiation in polymers under exposure to nitrogen oxides journal, January 2008

Adsorption and reduction of NO2 over activated carbon at low temperature journal, January 2011

Interaction mechanism of NO2 with carbon black: effect of surface oxygen complexes journal, August 2004

Reaction of NO 2 with Activated Carbon at Ambient Temperature journal, June 2008

The Structure of Hexane Soot II: Extraction Studies journal, January 1985

Production of molecular iodine from the heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide with solid potassium iodide journal, January 2011

The chemistry of nitroso-compounds. Part 11. Nitrosation of amines by the two-phase interaction of amines in solution with gaseous oxides of nitrogen journal, January 1979

Nitrous Acid And Nitrosation journal, June 1959

N -Nitrosation of Amines by NO 2 and NO: A Theoretical Study journal, March 2007

Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants. 6. Nitrosamines: Dialkyl Nitrosamines and Nitrosomorpholine journal, March 1991

Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surface of NaCl particles journal, August 2006

A Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopic Study of the Surface Reaction of NaCl with Gaseous NO2 and HNO3 journal, April 1994

Storage of NO2 on BaO/TiO2 and the influence of NO journal, July 2003

Role of Nitrate Species in the “NO2-SCR” Mechanism over a Commercial Fe-zeolite Catalyst for SCR Mobile Applications journal, March 2009

Reaction of NO 2 with Zn and ZnO: Photoemission, XANES, and Density Functional Studies on the Formation of NO 3 journal, January 2000

Surface reactions of NO2 with machined Zn, Cd, Cu and Ag surfaces studied by He I/II photoelectron spectroscopy journal, December 1993

Insights into the Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in Humid Acidic Environments from First-Principles Calculations journal, February 2018

Computational Characterization of Defects in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Spontaneous and Water-Induced Point Defects in ZIF-8 journal, January 2016

Prediction and experimental evidence for high air concentration of nitrous acid in indoor environments journal, January 1991

Title: Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in NO₂

Reactive Adsorption of NO ₂ on Copper-Based Metal−Organic Framework and Graphite Oxide/Metal−Organic Framework Composites
journal, November 2010

SO _x /NO _x Removal from Flue Gas Streams by Solid Adsorbents: A Review of Current Challenges and Future Directions
journal, August 2015

Carbon Dioxide Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks
journal, September 2011

Control of Pore Size and Functionality in Isoreticular Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and their Carbon Dioxide Selective Capture Properties
journal, March 2009

Synthesis, Structure, and Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
journal, January 2010

Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Next-Generation Materials for Energy-Efficient Gas Separations
journal, October 2014

Research Challenges in Avoiding “Showstoppers” in Developing Materials for Large-Scale Energy Applications
journal, October 2017

Acid Gas Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Generalized Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characteristics
journal, May 2018

Heat-Treatment of Defective UiO-66 from Modulated Synthesis: Adsorption and Stability Studies
journal, October 2017

Synergistic Effects of Water and SO ₂ on Degradation of MIL-125 in the Presence of Acid Gases
journal, November 2016

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Air Purification of Toxic Chemicals
journal, April 2014

Reactive adsorption of acidic gases on MOF/graphite oxide composites
journal, May 2012

A UiO-66 analogue with uncoordinated carboxylic acids for the broad-spectrum removal of toxic chemicals
journal, January 2015

Effect of amine modification on the properties of zirconium–carboxylic acid based materials and their applications as NO2 adsorbents at ambient conditions
journal, April 2014

Interactions of NO ₂ with Zr-Based MOF: Effects of the Size of Organic Linkers on NO ₂ Adsorption at Ambient Conditions
journal, December 2012

Extraordinary NO ₂ Removal by the Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66-NH ₂
journal, April 2016

High-Throughput Screening of Metal–Organic Frameworks for CO ₂ Separation
journal, March 2012

Water Stability and Adsorption in Metal–Organic Frameworks
journal, September 2014

Revisiting isoreticular MOFs of alkaline earth metals: a comprehensive study on phase stability, electronic structure, chemical bonding, and optical properties of A–IRMOF-1 (A = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
journal, January 2011

Ten new predicted covalent organic frameworks with strong optical response in the visible and near infrared
journal, June 2015

Computation-Ready, Experimental Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Tool To Enable High-Throughput Screening of Nanoporous Crystals
journal, October 2014

A Comprehensive Set of High-Quality Point Charges for Simulations of Metal–Organic Frameworks
journal, January 2016

Adsorption and Diffusion of Small Alcohols in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-90
journal, February 2013

Alcohol and water adsorption in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
journal, January 2013

Applicability of the BET Method for Determining Surface Areas of Microporous Metal−Organic Frameworks
journal, July 2007

A new method of generation of gases at parts per million levels for preparation of standard gases
journal, April 1980

Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
journal, June 2006

High-Throughput Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and Application to CO₂ Capture
journal, February 2008

Crystals as Molecules Postsynthesis Covalent Functionalization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
journal, September 2008

MOFomics: Computational pore characterization of metal–organic frameworks
journal, January 2013

Interactions of SO ₂ -Containing Acid Gases with ZIF-8: Structural Changes and Mechanistic Investigations
journal, November 2016

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-71 nanocrystals and a novel SOD-type polymorph: solution mediated phase transformations, phase selection via coordination modulation and a density functional theory derived energy landscape
journal, January 2014

H ₂ O-Functionalized Zeolitic Zn(2-methylimidazole) ₂ Framework (ZIF-8) for H ₂ Storage
journal, September 2014

In situ high pressure study of ZIF-8 by FTIR spectroscopy
journal, January 2011

Reaction of hexane soot with nitrogen dioxide/nitrogen oxide (N2O4)
journal, October 1984

Heterogeneous Reaction of NO ₂ on Hexane Soot: A Knudsen Cell and FT-IR Study
journal, December 2000

Nature and thermal stability of adsorbed intermediates formed during the reaction of diesel soot with nitrogen dioxide
journal, December 2006

Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Metronidazole and Tinidazole
journal, January 2015

Raman and i.r. spectra of zinc, cadmium and calcium nitrate: A study of the low temperature phase transitions in calcium nitrate
journal, January 1976

Control Preparation of Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate Nanocrystals and Examination of the Chemical and Structural Stability
journal, April 2012

Low temperature synthesis and characterization of rosette-like nanostructures of ZnO using solution process
journal, February 2009

Synthesis, Characterization and Effect of pH Variation on Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
journal, January 2009

FTIR Spectroscopic Investigation of the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Heterogeneous Reactions of NO ₂ and HNO ₃ with Soot
journal, October 2000

Heterogeneous reactions of NO2 and NO–O2 on the surface of carbons
journal, February 2003

Vibrational spectrum, torsional potential, and bonding of gaseous N ₂ O ₄
journal, August 1974

Infrared absorption intensities of nitrous acid (HONO) fundamental bands
journal, July 1983

Protonic Conductivity of Nanocrystalline Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 8
journal, January 2015

Hydrophobic-ZIF-71 filled PEBA mixed matrix membranes for recovery of biobutanol via pervaporation
journal, November 2013

Nanocrystals and nanomaterials of isoreticular zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
journal, November 2015

Highly permeable zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-71 nano-particles enhanced polyimide membranes for gas separation
journal, October 2014

A superhydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-90) with high steam stability for efficient recovery of bioalcohols
journal, January 2016

Room-temperature synthesis of ZIF-90 nanocrystals and the derived nano-composite membranes for hydrogen separation
journal, January 2013

The Reactivity And Structure Of Nitrogen Dioxide
journal, December 1955

Reaction of NO ₂ with Selected Conjugated Alkenes
journal, December 2013

Gas/Solid Reactions with Nitrogen Dioxide
journal, September 1995

Reaction of nitrogen dioxide with alkenes and polyunsaturated fatty acids: addition and hydrogen-abstraction mechanisms
journal, December 1982

Rates and mechanisms of reactions of nitrogen dioxide with alkenes in solution
journal, November 1987

Interaction of NO ₂ with Hydrocarbon Soot: Focus on HONO Yield, Surface Modification, and Mechanism
journal, July 2007

Features of mechanism of free radical initiation in polymers under exposure to nitrogen oxides
journal, January 2008

Adsorption and reduction of NO2 over activated carbon at low temperature
journal, January 2011

Interaction mechanism of NO2 with carbon black: effect of surface oxygen complexes
journal, August 2004

Reaction of NO ₂ with Activated Carbon at Ambient Temperature
journal, June 2008

The Structure of Hexane Soot II: Extraction Studies
journal, January 1985

Production of molecular iodine from the heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide with solid potassium iodide
journal, January 2011

The chemistry of nitroso-compounds. Part 11. Nitrosation of amines by the two-phase interaction of amines in solution with gaseous oxides of nitrogen
journal, January 1979

Nitrous Acid And Nitrosation
journal, June 1959

N -Nitrosation of Amines by NO ₂ and NO: A Theoretical Study
journal, March 2007

Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants. 6. Nitrosamines: Dialkyl Nitrosamines and Nitrosomorpholine
journal, March 1991

Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surface of NaCl particles
journal, August 2006

A Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopic Study of the Surface Reaction of NaCl with Gaseous NO2 and HNO3
journal, April 1994

Storage of NO₂ on BaO/TiO₂ and the influence of NO
journal, July 2003

Role of Nitrate Species in the “NO2-SCR” Mechanism over a Commercial Fe-zeolite Catalyst for SCR Mobile Applications
journal, March 2009

Reaction of NO ₂ with Zn and ZnO: Photoemission, XANES, and Density Functional Studies on the Formation of NO ₃
journal, January 2000

Surface reactions of NO2 with machined Zn, Cd, Cu and Ag surfaces studied by He I/II photoelectron spectroscopy
journal, December 1993

Insights into the Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in Humid Acidic Environments from First-Principles Calculations
journal, February 2018

Computational Characterization of Defects in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Spontaneous and Water-Induced Point Defects in ZIF-8
journal, January 2016

Prediction and experimental evidence for high air concentration of nitrous acid in indoor environments
journal, January 1991

Heterogeneous NO2 conversion processes on acid surfaces
journal, August 1998

Formation of nitrous acid and nitric oxide in the heterogeneous dark reaction of nitrogen dioxide and water vapor in a smog chamber
journal, October 1983