High-Resolution Modeling of Typhoon Morakot (2009): Vortex Rossby Waves and Their Role in Extreme Precipitation over Taiwan
Abstract
A high-resolution nonhydrostatic numerical model, the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), was utilized to simulate Typhoon Morakot (2009) as it made landfall over Taiwan, producing record rainfall totals. In particular, the mesoscale structure of the typhoon was investigated, emphasizing its associated deep convection, the development of inner rainbands near the center, and the resultant intense rainfall over western Taiwan. Simulations at 15- and 3-km grid spacing revealed that, following the decay of the initial inner eyewall, a new, much larger eyewall developed as the typhoon made landfall over Taiwan. Relatively large-amplitude wave structures developed in the outer eyewall and are identified as vortex Rossby waves (VRWs), due to the wave characteristics and their similarity to VRWs identified in previous studies. Moderate to strong vertical shear over the typhoon system produced a persistent wavenumber-1 (WN1) asymmetric structure during the landfall period, with upward motion and deep convection in the downshear and downshear-left sides, consistent with earlier studies. This strong asymmetry masks the effects of WN1 VRWs. WN2 and WN3 VRWs apparently are associated with the development of deep convective bands in Morakot’s southwestern quadrant. This happens as the waves move cyclonically into the downshear side of the cyclone. Although the typhoonmore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, Norman, OK (United States)
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1565083
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 70; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-4928
- Publisher:
- American Meteorological Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Hurricanes; Waves, atmospheric; Cloud resolving models; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting
Citation Formats
Hall, Jonathan D., Xue, Ming, Ran, Lingkun, and Leslie, Lance M. High-Resolution Modeling of Typhoon Morakot (2009): Vortex Rossby Waves and Their Role in Extreme Precipitation over Taiwan. United States: N. p., 2013.
Web. doi:10.1175/jas-d-11-0338.1.
Hall, Jonathan D., Xue, Ming, Ran, Lingkun, & Leslie, Lance M. High-Resolution Modeling of Typhoon Morakot (2009): Vortex Rossby Waves and Their Role in Extreme Precipitation over Taiwan. United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0338.1
Hall, Jonathan D., Xue, Ming, Ran, Lingkun, and Leslie, Lance M. Mon .
"High-Resolution Modeling of Typhoon Morakot (2009): Vortex Rossby Waves and Their Role in Extreme Precipitation over Taiwan". United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0338.1. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565083.
@article{osti_1565083,
title = {High-Resolution Modeling of Typhoon Morakot (2009): Vortex Rossby Waves and Their Role in Extreme Precipitation over Taiwan},
author = {Hall, Jonathan D. and Xue, Ming and Ran, Lingkun and Leslie, Lance M.},
abstractNote = {A high-resolution nonhydrostatic numerical model, the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), was utilized to simulate Typhoon Morakot (2009) as it made landfall over Taiwan, producing record rainfall totals. In particular, the mesoscale structure of the typhoon was investigated, emphasizing its associated deep convection, the development of inner rainbands near the center, and the resultant intense rainfall over western Taiwan. Simulations at 15- and 3-km grid spacing revealed that, following the decay of the initial inner eyewall, a new, much larger eyewall developed as the typhoon made landfall over Taiwan. Relatively large-amplitude wave structures developed in the outer eyewall and are identified as vortex Rossby waves (VRWs), due to the wave characteristics and their similarity to VRWs identified in previous studies. Moderate to strong vertical shear over the typhoon system produced a persistent wavenumber-1 (WN1) asymmetric structure during the landfall period, with upward motion and deep convection in the downshear and downshear-left sides, consistent with earlier studies. This strong asymmetry masks the effects of WN1 VRWs. WN2 and WN3 VRWs apparently are associated with the development of deep convective bands in Morakot’s southwestern quadrant. This happens as the waves move cyclonically into the downshear side of the cyclone. Although the typhoon track and topographic enhancement contribute most to the record-breaking rainfall totals, the location of the convective bands, and their interaction with the mountainous terrain of Taiwan, also affect the rainfall distribution. Quantitatively, the 3-km ARPS rainfall forecasts are superior to those obtained from coarser-resolution models.},
doi = {10.1175/jas-d-11-0338.1},
journal = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
number = 1,
volume = 70,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 07 00:00:00 EST 2013},
month = {Mon Jan 07 00:00:00 EST 2013}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 19 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
The Extratropical Transition and Precipitation Distribution of Hurricane Floyd (1999)
journal, June 2003
- Atallah, Eyad H.; Bosart, Lance F.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 131, Issue 6
A Numerical Study of Hurricane Erin (2001). Part II: Shear and the Organization of Eyewall Vertical Motion
journal, April 2007
- Braun, Scott A.; Wu, Liguang
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 135, Issue 4
High-Resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Part I: The Organization of Eyewall Vertical Motion
journal, January 2006
- Braun, Scott A.; Montgomery, Michael T.; Pu, Zhaoxia
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 63, Issue 1
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall Near the Centers of Two Tropical Cyclones
journal, October 1989
- Burpee, Robert W.; Black, Michael L.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 117, Issue 10
Spiral Bands in a Simulated Hurricane. Part I: Vortex Rossby Wave Verification
journal, August 2001
- Chen, Yongsheng; Yau, M. K.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 58, Issue 15
Spiral Bands in a Simulated Hurricane. Part II: Wave Activity Diagnostics
journal, May 2003
- Chen, Yongsheng; Brunet, Gilbert; Yau, M. K.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 60, Issue 10
Numerical Modeling of an Orographically Enhanced Precipitation Event Associated with Tropical Storm Rachel over Taiwan
journal, April 2003
- Chiao, Sen; Lin, Yuh-Lang
- Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Heavy Rainfall and Southwesterly Flow after the Leaving of Typhoon Mindulle (2004) from Taiwan
journal, January 2008
- Chien, Fang-Ching; Liu, Yi-Chin; Lee, Cheng-Shang
- Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, Vol. 86, Issue 1
The Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Elena (1985). Part II: Convective Asymmetries and Evidence for Vortex Rossby Waves
journal, November 2006
- Corbosiero, Kristen L.; Molinari, John; Aiyyer, Anantha R.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 134, Issue 11
Impact of assimilating airborne Doppler radar velocity data using the ARPS 3DVAR on the analysis and prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008): AIRBORNE RADAR DATA FOR HURRICANE IKE
journal, September 2012
- Du, Ningzhu; Xue, Ming; Zhao, Kun
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D18
The Impacts of Taiwan Topography on the Predictability of Typhoon Morakot’s Record-Breaking Rainfall: A High-Resolution Ensemble Simulation
journal, October 2011
- Fang, Xingqin; Kuo, Ying-Hwa; Wang, Anyu
- Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 26, Issue 5
Least-squares fitting of circles and ellipses
journal, December 1994
- Gander, Walter; Golub, Gene H.; Strebel, Rolf
- BIT, Vol. 34, Issue 4
Prediction and Diagnosis of Typhoon Morakot (2009) Using the Naval Research Laboratory's Mesoscale Tropical Cyclone Model
journal, January 2011
- Hendricks, Eric A.; Moskaitis, Jonathan R.; Jin, Yi
- Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 6
Extreme Rainfall Mechanisms Exhibited by Typhoon Morakot (2009)
journal, January 2011
- Huang, Ching-Yuang; Wong, Chan-Seng; Yeh, Tien-Chiang
- Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 6
A Possible Mechanism for the Eye Rotation of Typhoon Herb
journal, June 1999
- Kuo, Hung-Chi; Williams, R. T.; Chen, Jen-Her
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 56, Issue 11
The Secondary Low and Heavy Rainfall Associated with Typhoon Mindulle (2004)
journal, April 2008
- Lee, Cheng-Shang; Liu, Yi-Chin; Chien, Fang-Ching
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 136, Issue 4
Assimilation of Radar Radial Velocity Data with the WRF Hybrid Ensemble–3DVAR System for the Prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008)
journal, November 2012
- Li, Yongzuo; Wang, Xuguang; Xue, Ming
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 140, Issue 11
Monsoonal Influence on Typhoon Morakot (2009). Part II: Numerical Study
journal, October 2011
- Liang, Jia; Wu, Liguang; Ge, Xuyang
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 68, Issue 10
Mesoscale processes for super heavy rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009) over Southern Taiwan
posted_content, May 2010
- Lin, C. -Y.; Hsu, H. -m.; Sheng, Y. -F.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
Some Common Ingredients for Heavy Orographic Rainfall
journal, December 2001
- Lin, Yuh-Lang; Chiao, Sen; Wang, Ting-An
- Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 16, Issue 6
Orographic Influences on Rainfall and Track Deflection Associated with the Passage of a Tropical Cyclone
journal, December 2002
- Lin, Yuh-Lang; Ensley, Darrell B.; Chiao, Sen
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 130, Issue 12
Control Parameters for the Influence of a Mesoscale Mountain Range on Cyclone Track Continuity and Deflection
journal, June 2005
- Lin, Yuh-Lang; Chen, Shu-Yun; Hill, Christopher M.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 62, Issue 6
Precipitation Distribution in Tropical Cyclones Using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager: A Global Perspective
journal, July 2004
- Lonfat, Manuel; Marks, Frank D.; Chen, Shuyi S.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 132, Issue 7
The evidence for the existence of Rossby-like waves in the hurricane vortex
journal, January 1968
- Macdonald, Norman J.
- Tellus, Vol. 20, Issue 1
Evolution of the Structure of Precipitation in Hurricane Allen (1980)
journal, June 1985
- Marks, Frank D.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 113, Issue 6
Tropical Cyclone Evolution via Potential Vorticity Anomalies in a Three-Dimensional Balance Model
journal, October 2000
- Möller, J. Dominique; Montgomery, Michael T.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 57, Issue 20
A theory for vortex rossby‐waves and its application to spiral bands and intensity changes in hurricanes
journal, January 1997
- Montgomery, Michael T.; Kallenbach, Randall J.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 123, Issue 538
High-Resolution Initialization and Simulations of Typhoon Morakot (2009)
journal, May 2011
- Van Nguyen, Hiep; Chen, Yi-Leng
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 139, Issue 5
Low-Wavenumber Structure and Evolution of the Hurricane Inner Core Observed by Airborne Dual-Doppler Radar
journal, June 2000
- Reasor, Paul D.; Montgomery, Michael T.; Marks, Frank D.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 128, Issue 6
The Critical Success Index as an Indicator of Warning Skill
journal, December 1990
- Schaefer, Joseph T.
- Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 5, Issue 4
A Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation
journal, June 2004
- Smith, Ronald B.; Barstad, Idar
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 61, Issue 12
Evaluation of GFDL and Simple Statistical Model Rainfall Forecasts for U.S. Landfalling Tropical Storms
journal, February 2007
- Tuleya, Robert E.; DeMaria, Mark; Kuligowski, Robert J.
- Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 22, Issue 1
Vortex Rossby Waves in a Numerically Simulated Tropical Cyclone. Part I: Overall Structure, Potential Vorticity, and Kinetic Energy Budgets*
journal, April 2002
- Wang, Yuqing
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 59, Issue 7
Rapid Filamentation Zone in a Numerically Simulated Tropical Cyclone*
journal, April 2008
- Wang, Yuqing
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 4
Ensemble Data Assimilation with the NCEP Global Forecast System
journal, February 2008
- Whitaker, Jeffrey S.; Hamill, Thomas M.; Wei, Xue
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 136, Issue 2
Preface to the Special Issue on "Typhoon Morakot (2009): Observation, Modeling, and Forecasting"
journal, January 2011
- Wu, Chun-Chieh; Yang, Ming-Jen
- Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 6
Rainfall Simulation Associated with Typhoon Herb (1996) near Taiwan. Part I: The Topographic Effect
journal, October 2002
- Wu, Chun-Chieh; Yen, Tzu-Hsiung; Kuo, Ying-Hwa
- Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 17, Issue 5
A Numerical Investigation of the Eyewall Evolution in a Landfalling Typhoon
journal, January 2009
- Wu, Chun-Chieh; Cheng, Hsiu-Ju; Wang, Yuqing
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 137, Issue 1
Numerical Study of the Rainfall Event due to the Interaction of Typhoon Babs (1998) and the Northeasterly Monsoon
journal, July 2009
- Wu, Chun-Chieh; Cheung, Kevin K. W.; Lo, Ya-Yin
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 137, Issue 7
Monsoonal Influence on Typhoon Morakot (2009). Part I: Observational Analysis
journal, October 2011
- Wu, Liguang; Liang, Jia; Wu, Chun-Chieh
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 68, Issue 10
The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) - A multi-scale nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulation and prediction model. Part I: Model dynamics and verification
journal, December 2000
- Xue, M.; Droegemeier, K. K.; Wong, V.
- Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 3-4
The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) - A multi-scale nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulation and prediction tool. Part II: Model physics and applications
journal, February 2001
- Xue, M.; Droegemeier, K. K.; Wong, V.
- Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 76, Issue 1-4
The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), storm-scale numerical weather prediction and data assimilation
journal, January 2003
- Xue, Ming; Wang, Donghai; Gao, Jidong
- Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 1-4
A Modeling Study of Typhoon Nari (2001) at Landfall. Part I: Topographic Effects
journal, October 2008
- Yang, Ming-Jen; Zhang, Da-Lin; Huang, Hsiao-Ling
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 10
Predicting Typhoon Morakot’s Catastrophic Rainfall with a Convection-Permitting Mesoscale Ensemble System
journal, December 2010
- Zhang, Fuqing; Weng, Yonghui; Kuo, Ying-Hwa
- Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 25, Issue 6
Tropical Cyclone Damages in China 1983–2006
journal, April 2009
- Zhang, Qiang; Wu, Liguang; Liu, Qiufeng
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 90, Issue 4
Assimilation of coastal Doppler radar data with the ARPS 3DVAR and cloud analysis for the prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008)
journal, January 2009
- Zhao, Kun; Xue, Ming
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 12
Short-term forecasting through intermittent assimilation of data from Taiwan and mainland China coastal radars for Typhoon Meranti (2010) at landfall: RADAR DATA ASSIMILATION FOR TYPHOON
journal, March 2012
- Zhao, Kun; Li, Xinfeng; Xue, Ming
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D6
Works referencing / citing this record:
Vortex Rossby Waves in Asymmetric Basic Flow of Typhoons
journal, February 2018
- Wang, Tianju; Zhong, Zhong; Wang, Ju
- Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, Issue 5
A Numerical Study on the Formation and Maintenance of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005)
journal, October 2019
- Li, Yuanlong; Lin, Yanluan; Wang, Yuqing
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 19
Evaluation of Version-7 TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis Product during the Beijing Extreme Heavy Rainfall Event of 21 July 2012
journal, December 2013
- Huang, Yong; Chen, Sheng; Cao, Qing
- Water, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Landslides control the spatial and temporal variation of channel width in southern Taiwan: Implications for landscape evolution and cascading hazards in steep, tectonically active landscapes: Variation in channel morphology controlled by landslides in s. Taiwan
journal, March 2018
- Yanites, Brian J.; Mitchell, Nate A.; Bregy, Joshua C.
- Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 43, Issue 9
Structure and formation of convection of secondary rainbands in a simulated typhoon Jangmi (2008)
journal, April 2018
- Xiao, Jing; Tan, Zhe-Min; Chow, Kim-Chiu
- Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 131, Issue 4