skip to main content
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation

Abstract

Deciphering the evolution of global climate from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 19 ka to the early Holocene 11 ka presents an outstanding opportunity for understanding the transient response of Earth’s climate system to external and internal forcings. During this interval of global warming, the decay of ice sheets caused global mean sea level to rise by approximately 80 m; terrestrial and marine ecosystems experienced large disturbances and range shifts; perturbations to the carbon cycle resulted in a net release of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere; and changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation affected the global distribution and fluxes of water and heat. Here we summarize a major effort by the paleoclimate research community to characterize these changes through the development of well-dated, high-resolution records of the deep and intermediate ocean as well as surface climate. Here, our synthesis indicates that the superposition of two modes explains much of the variability in regional and global climate during the last deglaciation, with a strong association between the first mode and variations in greenhouse gases, and between the second mode and variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [1];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [17];  [1] more »;  [18];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [18];  [22];  [8];  [23];  [2];  [24];  [25] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States). College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences
  2. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences
  3. Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences
  4. Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States). Dept. of Geography
  5. Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Geography
  6. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Geoscience; Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Center for Climatic Research
  7. Xi’an Jiaotong Univ., Xi’an (China); Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Geology and Geophysics
  8. Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States). School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability
  9. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Center for Climatic Research; Peking Univ., Beijing (China). Lab. for Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, School of Physics
  10. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research
  11. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center, Boulder, CO (United States)
  12. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States). Climate and Global Dynamics Division
  13. Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States). Dept. of Geology and Geophysics
  14. Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences
  15. Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States). Dept. of Earth Sciences
  16. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
  17. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Center for Climatic Research; Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Geography
  18. Univ. of Minnesota, Duluth, MN (United States). Large Lakes Observatory and Dept. Geological Sciences
  19. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA (United States). Dept. of Geology and Geophysics
  20. Univ. of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL (United States). College of Marine Science
  21. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Center for Climatic Research
  22. Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
  23. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY (United States)
  24. Univ. de Chile, Santiago (Chile). Inst. of Ecology and Biodiversity and Dept. of Ecological Sciences
  25. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Geography
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1564867
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 109; Journal Issue: 19; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher:
National Academy of Sciences
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Science & Technology - Other Topics

Citation Formats

Clark, Peter U., Shakun, Jeremy D., Baker, Paul A., Bartlein, Patrick J., Brewer, Simon, Brook, Ed, Carlson, Anders E., Cheng, Hai, Kaufman, Darrell S., Liu, Zhengyu, Marchitto, Thomas M., Mix, Alan C., Morrill, Carrie, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Pahnke, Katharina, Russell, James M., Whitlock, C., Adkins, Jess F., Blois, Jessica L., Clark, Jorie, Colman, Steven M., Curry, William B., Flower, B. P., He, Feng, Johnson, Thomas C., Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean, Markgraf, Vera, McManus, Jerry, Mitrovica, Jerry X., Moreno, Patricio I., and Williams, John W. Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation. United States: N. p., 2012. Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116619109.
Copy to clipboard
Clark, Peter U., Shakun, Jeremy D., Baker, Paul A., Bartlein, Patrick J., Brewer, Simon, Brook, Ed, Carlson, Anders E., Cheng, Hai, Kaufman, Darrell S., Liu, Zhengyu, Marchitto, Thomas M., Mix, Alan C., Morrill, Carrie, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Pahnke, Katharina, Russell, James M., Whitlock, C., Adkins, Jess F., Blois, Jessica L., Clark, Jorie, Colman, Steven M., Curry, William B., Flower, B. P., He, Feng, Johnson, Thomas C., Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean, Markgraf, Vera, McManus, Jerry, Mitrovica, Jerry X., Moreno, Patricio I., & Williams, John W. Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation. United States. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116619109.
Copy to clipboard
Clark, Peter U., Shakun, Jeremy D., Baker, Paul A., Bartlein, Patrick J., Brewer, Simon, Brook, Ed, Carlson, Anders E., Cheng, Hai, Kaufman, Darrell S., Liu, Zhengyu, Marchitto, Thomas M., Mix, Alan C., Morrill, Carrie, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Pahnke, Katharina, Russell, James M., Whitlock, C., Adkins, Jess F., Blois, Jessica L., Clark, Jorie, Colman, Steven M., Curry, William B., Flower, B. P., He, Feng, Johnson, Thomas C., Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean, Markgraf, Vera, McManus, Jerry, Mitrovica, Jerry X., Moreno, Patricio I., and Williams, John W. Mon . "Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation". United States. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116619109. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1564867.
Copy to clipboard
@article{osti_1564867,
title = {Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation},
author = {Clark, Peter U. and Shakun, Jeremy D. and Baker, Paul A. and Bartlein, Patrick J. and Brewer, Simon and Brook, Ed and Carlson, Anders E. and Cheng, Hai and Kaufman, Darrell S. and Liu, Zhengyu and Marchitto, Thomas M. and Mix, Alan C. and Morrill, Carrie and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. and Pahnke, Katharina and Russell, James M. and Whitlock, C. and Adkins, Jess F. and Blois, Jessica L. and Clark, Jorie and Colman, Steven M. and Curry, William B. and Flower, B. P. and He, Feng and Johnson, Thomas C. and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean and Markgraf, Vera and McManus, Jerry and Mitrovica, Jerry X. and Moreno, Patricio I. and Williams, John W.},
abstractNote = {Deciphering the evolution of global climate from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 19 ka to the early Holocene 11 ka presents an outstanding opportunity for understanding the transient response of Earth’s climate system to external and internal forcings. During this interval of global warming, the decay of ice sheets caused global mean sea level to rise by approximately 80 m; terrestrial and marine ecosystems experienced large disturbances and range shifts; perturbations to the carbon cycle resulted in a net release of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere; and changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation affected the global distribution and fluxes of water and heat. Here we summarize a major effort by the paleoclimate research community to characterize these changes through the development of well-dated, high-resolution records of the deep and intermediate ocean as well as surface climate. Here, our synthesis indicates that the superposition of two modes explains much of the variability in regional and global climate during the last deglaciation, with a strong association between the first mode and variations in greenhouse gases, and between the second mode and variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1116619109},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 19,
volume = 109,
place = {United States},
year = {2012},
month = {2}
}
Copy to clipboard
Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
DOI:  10.1073/pnas.1116619109
Copyright Statement
Other availability
Search WorldCat Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 176 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Save / Share:
Export Metadata
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.

Works referenced in this record:

Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations over the Last Glacial Termination
journal, January 2001

On the origin and timing of rapid changes in atmospheric methane during the Last Glacial Period
journal, June 2000

  • Brook, Edward J.; Harder, Susan; Severinghaus, Jeff
  • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 14, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1029/1999GB001182

The role of the thermohaline circulation in abrupt climate change
journal, February 2002

  • Clark, Peter U.; Pisias, Nicklas G.; Stocker, Thomas F.
  • Nature, Vol. 415, Issue 6874
  • DOI: 10.1038/415863a

Vigorous exchange between the Indian and Atlantic oceans at the end of the past five glacial periods
journal, August 2004

  • Peeters, Frank J. C.; Acheson, Ruth; Brummer, Geert-Jan A.
  • Nature, Vol. 430, Issue 7000
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature02785

Influence of Bering Strait flow and North Atlantic circulation on glacial sea-level changes
journal, January 2010

  • Hu, Aixue; Meehl, Gerald A.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo729

North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past 20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface temperature
journal, November 1987

  • Boyle, Edward A.; Keigwin, Lloyd
  • Nature, Vol. 330, Issue 6143
  • DOI: 10.1038/330035a0

Thermohaline instability in the North Atlantic during meltwater events: Stable isotope and ice-rafted detritus records from Core SO75-26KL, Portuguese Margin
journal, October 1997

  • Zahn, Rainer; Schönfeld, Joachim; Kudrass, Hermann-Rudolf
  • Paleoceanography, Vol. 12, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1029/97PA00581

Abrupt changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water circulation over the past 25,000 years
journal, November 2008

  • Pahnke, Katharina; Goldstein, Steven L.; Hemming, Sidney R.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 1, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo360

Synchronous Deglacial Overturning and Water Mass Source Changes
journal, December 2009

Radiocarbon Variability in the Western North Atlantic During the Last Deglaciation
journal, December 2005

Deep sea corals off Brazil verify a poorly ventilated Southern Pacific Ocean during H2, H1 and the Younger Dryas
journal, May 2010

  • Mangini, A.; Godoy, J. M.; Godoy, M. L.
  • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 293, Issue 3-4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.041

Carbon 13 in Pacific Deep and Intermediate Waters, 0-370 ka: Implications for Ocean Circulation and Pleistocene CO 2
journal, April 1991

  • Mix, A. C.; Pisias, N. G.; Zahn, R.
  • Paleoceanography, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1029/90PA02303

Enhanced Arabian Sea intermediate water flow during glacial North Atlantic cold phases
journal, April 2009

  • Jung, Simon J. A.; Kroon, Dick; Ganssen, Gerald
  • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 280, Issue 1-4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.037

Increased glacial-age ventilation of the Chilean margin by Antarctic Intermediate Water
journal, December 2009

  • Muratli, J. M.; Chase, Z.; Mix, A. C.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo715

Southern Ocean source of 14C-depleted carbon in the North Pacific Ocean during the last deglaciation
journal, October 2010

  • Basak, C.; Martin, E. E.; Horikawa, K.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo987

Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr
journal, January 1996

  • Behl, Richard J.; Kennett, James P.
  • Nature, Vol. 379, Issue 6562
  • DOI: 10.1038/379243a0

Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y.
journal, January 2004

  • Ortiz, J. D.; O'Connell, S. B.; DelViscio, J.
  • Geology, Vol. 32, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1130/G20234.1

Comparison between radiocarbon ages obtained on coexisting planktonic foraminifera
journal, December 1988

Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes
journal, April 2004

  • McManus, J. F.; Francois, R.; Gherardi, J. -M.
  • Nature, Vol. 428, Issue 6985
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature02494

Evidence for a bathyal front at 2000-M depth in the glacial Pacific, based on a depth transect on Ontong Java Plateau
journal, June 1992

  • Herguera, J. C.; Jansen, E.; Berger, W. H.
  • Paleoceanography, Vol. 7, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1029/92PA00869

Deepwater Formation in the North Pacific During the Last Glacial Termination
journal, July 2010

Variation of atmospheric CO 2 by ventilation of the ocean's deepest water
journal, October 1999

The influence of Antarctic sea ice on glacial–interglacial CO2 variations
journal, March 2000

  • Stephens, Britton B.; Keeling, Ralph F.
  • Nature, Vol. 404, Issue 6774
  • DOI: 10.1038/35004556

Changes in the distribution of δ 13 C of deep water ΣCO 2 between the Last Glaciation and the Holocene
journal, June 1988

The Salinity, Temperature, and delta 18O of the Glacial Deep Ocean
journal, November 2002

Wind-Driven Upwelling in the Southern Ocean and the Deglacial Rise in Atmospheric CO2
journal, March 2009

Marine Radiocarbon Evidence for the Mechanism of Deglacial Atmospheric CO2 Rise
journal, June 2007

The release of 14C-depleted carbon from the deep ocean during the last deglaciation: Evidence from the Arabian Sea
journal, September 2010

  • Bryan, Sean P.; Marchitto, Thomas M.; Lehman, Scott J.
  • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 298, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.08.025

Upper-ocean-to-atmosphere radiocarbon offsets imply fast deglacial carbon dioxide release
journal, August 2010

  • Rose, Kathryn A.; Sikes, Elisabeth L.; Guilderson, Thomas P.
  • Nature, Vol. 466, Issue 7310
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature09288

No signature of abyssal carbon in intermediate waters off Chile during deglaciation
journal, January 2010

  • De Pol-Holz, Ricardo; Keigwin, Lloyd; Southon, John
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo745

The Mysterious 14 C Decline
journal, January 2009

Ventilation of the Deep Southern Ocean and Deglacial CO2 Rise
journal, May 2010

Orbital and Millennial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years
journal, August 2007

Large Arctic Temperature Change at the Wisconsin-Holocene Glacial Transition
journal, October 1995

Climate correlations between Greenland and Antarctica during the past 100,000 years
journal, December 1994

  • Bender, Michael; Sowers, Todd; Dickson, Mary-Lynn
  • Nature, Vol. 372, Issue 6507
  • DOI: 10.1038/372663a0

Climate Records Covering the Last Deglaciation
journal, July 1995

Asynchrony of Antarctic and Greenland climate change during the last glacial period
journal, August 1998

  • Blunier, T.; Chappellaz, J.; Schwander, J.
  • Nature, Vol. 394, Issue 6695
  • DOI: 10.1038/29447

Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the Tropical Atlantic, 1: Spatial variability of annual mean sea-surface temperatures, 0-20,000 years B.P.
journal, March 1986

  • Mix, Alan C.; Ruddiman, William F.; McIntyre, Andrew
  • Paleoceanography, Vol. 1, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1029/PA001i001p00043

North Atlantic Deep Water cools the southern hemisphere
journal, August 1992

Paleocean circulation during the Last Deglaciation: A bipolar seesaw?
journal, April 1998

Relative Timing of Deglacial Climate Events in Antarctica and Greenland
journal, September 2002

Synchronous Climate Changes in Antarctica and the North Atlantic
journal, October 1998

The transition from the Last Glacial Period in inland and near-coastal Antarctica
journal, September 2000

  • Mulvaney, R.; Röthlisberger, R.; Wolff, E. W.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1029/1999GL011254

Expression of the bipolar see-saw in Antarctic climate records during the last deglaciation
journal, December 2010

  • Stenni, B.; Buiron, D.; Frezzotti, M.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1026

Variations in tree cover in North America since the last glacial maximum
journal, January 2003

Late-Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics in North America: Scaling from taxa to Biomes
journal, May 2004

  • Williams, John W.; Shuman, Bryan N.; Webb, Thompson
  • Ecological Monographs, Vol. 74, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1890/02-4045

Evidence for Millennial-Scale Climate Change During Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3 at Little Lake, Western Oregon, U.S.A.
journal, July 2001

  • Grigg, Laurie D.; Whitlock, Cathy; Dean, Walter E.
  • Quaternary Research, Vol. 56, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1006/qres.2001.2246

Topographic, Bioclimatic, and Vegetation Characteristics of Three Ecoregion Classification Systems in North America: Comparisons Along Continent-wide Transects
journal, April 2004

  • Thompson, Robert S.; Shafer, Sarah L.; Anderson, Katherine H.
  • Environmental Management, Vol. 34, Issue S1
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00267-003-7200-3

Moisture variability in the southwestern United States linked to abrupt glacial climate change
journal, January 2010

  • Wagner, J. D. M.; Cole, J. E.; Beck, J. W.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo707

Variable winter moisture in the southwestern United States linked to rapid glacial climate shifts
journal, January 2010

  • Asmerom, Yemane; Polyak, Victor J.; Burns, Stephen J.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo754

Evidence for the Close Climatic Control of new England Vegetation History
journal, May 2004

  • Shuman, Bryan; Newby, Paige; Huang, Yongsong
  • Ecology, Vol. 85, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1890/02-0286

Sensitivity and rapidity of vegetational response to abrupt climate change
journal, February 2000

Evidence for a rapid sea-level rise 7600 yr ago
journal, January 2007

  • Yu, Shi-Yong; Berglund, Björn E.; Sandgren, Per
  • Geology, Vol. 35, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1130/G23859A.1

Wildfire responses to abrupt climate change in North America
journal, February 2009

  • Marlon, J. R.; Bartlein, P. J.; Walsh, M. K.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 106, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808212106

Cooling of Tropical Brazil (5 C) During the Last Glacial Maximum
journal, July 1995

Rapid Changes in the Hydrologic Cycle of the Tropical Atlantic During the Last Glacial
journal, December 2000

Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano
journal, February 2001

  • Baker, Paul A.; Rigsby, Catherine A.; Seltzer, Geoffrey O.
  • Nature, Vol. 409, Issue 6821
  • DOI: 10.1038/35055524

Insolation-driven changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 116,000 years in subtropical Brazil
journal, March 2005

  • Cruz, Francisco W.; Burns, Stephen J.; Karmann, Ivo
  • Nature, Vol. 434, Issue 7029
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature03365

Millennial-scale precipitation changes in southern Brazil over the past 90,000 years: PAST PRECIPITATION CHANGE IN BRAZIL
journal, December 2007

  • Wang, Xianfeng; Auler, Augusto S.; Edwards, R. L.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1029/2007GL031149

Orbitally driven east–west antiphasing of South American precipitation
journal, February 2009

  • Cruz, Francisco W.; Vuille, Mathias; Burns, Stephen J.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 2, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo444

Correlated Millennial-Scale Changes in Surface Hydrography and Terrigenous Sediment Yield Inferred from Last-Glacial Marine Deposits off Northeastern Brazil
journal, September 1998

  • Arz, Helge W.; Pätzold, Jürgen; Wefer, Gerold
  • Quaternary Research, Vol. 50, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1006/qres.1998.1992

The History of South American Tropical Precipitation for the Past 25,000 Years
journal, January 2001

Abrupt Vegetation and Climate Changes During the Last Glacial Maximumand Last Termination in The Chilean Lake District: A Case Study from Canal De La Puntilla (41oS)
journal, August 1999

Abrupt vegetation changes during the last glacial to Holocene transition in mid-latitude South America: VEGETATION CHANGES IN MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA
journal, December 2003

  • Moreno, Patricio I.; León, Ana L.
  • Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 18, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/jqs.801

Postglacial vegetation, climate, and fire history along the east side of the Andes (lat 41–42.5°S), Argentina
journal, September 2006

Late and postglacial vegetation and fire history in Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego
journal, November 2010

Renewed glacial activity during the Antarctic cold reversal and persistence of cold conditions until 11.5 ka in southwestern Patagonia
journal, April 2009

  • Moreno, P. I.; Kaplan, M. R.; François, J. P.
  • Geology, Vol. 37, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1130/G25399A.1

Pollen-based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp
journal, May 2000

Glacial refugia of temperate trees in Europe: insights from species distribution modelling
journal, November 2008

European Climatic Response to Millennial-Scale Changes in the Atmosphere–Ocean System during the Last Glacial Period
journal, November 2000

  • Goñi, Marı́a Fernanda Sánchez; Turon, Jean-Louis; Eynaud, Frédérique
  • Quaternary Research, Vol. 54, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1006/qres.2000.2176

Orbital- and sub-orbital-scale climate impacts on vegetation of the western Mediterranean basin over the last 48,000 yr
journal, November 2008

Seasonal temperatures in Britain during the past 22,000 years, reconstructed using beetle remains
journal, February 1987

  • Atkinson, T. C.; Briffa, K. R.; Coope, G. R.
  • Nature, Vol. 325, Issue 6105
  • DOI: 10.1038/325587a0

Younger Dryas and Allerød summer temperatures at Gerzensee (Switzerland) inferred from fossil pollen and cladoceran assemblages
journal, June 2000

  • Lotter, A. F.; Birks, H. J. B.; Eicher, U.
  • Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 159, Issue 3-4
  • DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00093-6

Mean July Temperatures during the Younger Dryas in Northwestern and Central Europe as Inferred from Climate Indicator Plant Species
journal, March 1999

  • Isarin, René F. B.; Bohncke, Sjoerd J. P.
  • Quaternary Research, Vol. 51, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1006/qres.1998.2023

Coherent high- and low-latitude control of the northwest African hydrological balance
journal, September 2008

  • Tjallingii, Rik; Claussen, Martin; Stuut, Jan-Berend W.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 1, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo289

Abrupt change in tropical African climate linked to the bipolar seesaw over the past 55,000 years
journal, January 2007

  • Brown, E. T.; Johnson, T. C.; Scholz, C. A.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1029/2007GL031240

Wet and arid phases in the southeast African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum
journal, January 2007

  • Castañeda, Isla S.; Werne, Josef P.; Johnson, Thomas C.
  • Geology, Vol. 35, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1130/G23916A.1

Cooling cycles, Heinrich event 1, and the desiccation of Lake Victoria
journal, July 2002

  • Stager, J. Curt; Mayewski, Paul A.; Meeker, L. David
  • Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 183, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00468-0

Northern Hemisphere Controls on Tropical Southeast African Climate During the Past 60,000 Years
journal, October 2008

155,000 Years of West African Monsoon and Ocean Thermal Evolution
journal, June 2007

Temperature and rainfall estimates for the past 40,000 years in equatorial Africa
journal, July 1990

  • Bonnefille, R.; Roeland, J. C.; Guiot, J.
  • Nature, Vol. 346, Issue 6282
  • DOI: 10.1038/346347a0

Large temperature variability in the southern African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum
journal, January 2005

A High-Resolution Absolute-Dated Late Pleistocene Monsoon Record from Hulu Cave, China
journal, December 2001

Correlation between climate events in the North Atlantic and China during the last glaciation
journal, May 1995

  • Porter, Stephen C.; Zhisheng, An
  • Nature, Vol. 375, Issue 6529
  • DOI: 10.1038/375305a0

Dust influx reconstruction during the last 26,000 years inferred from a sedimentary leaf wax record from the Japan Sea
journal, December 2006

Millennial- and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000 years
journal, February 2008

  • Wang, Yongjin; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence
  • Nature, Vol. 451, Issue 7182
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature06692

Correlation between Arabian Sea and Greenland climate oscillations of the past 110,000 years
journal, May 1998

  • Schulz,, Hartmut; von Rad,, Ulrich; Erlenkeuser,, Helmut
  • Nature, Vol. 393, Issue 6680
  • DOI: 10.1038/31750

A high-resolution, absolute-dated deglacial speleothem record of Indian Ocean climate from Socotra Island, Yemen
journal, July 2007

  • Shakun, Jeremy D.; Burns, Stephen J.; Fleitmann, Dominik
  • Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 259, Issue 3-4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.004

Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon
journal, January 2007

  • Yancheva, Gergana; Nowaczyk, Norbert R.; Mingram, Jens
  • Nature, Vol. 445, Issue 7123
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature05431

Transient Simulation of Last Deglaciation with a New Mechanism for Bolling-Allerod Warming
journal, July 2009

Geochemical proxies of North American freshwater routing during the Younger Dryas cold event
journal, April 2007

  • Carlson, A. E.; Clark, P. U.; Haley, B. A.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 104, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611313104

The Influence of Changing Orbital Parameters and Surface Boundary Conditions on Climate Simulations for the Past 18 000 Years
journal, August 1986

Sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to forcing parameters and implications for its evolution
journal, December 1992

  • Prell, Warren L.; Kutzbach, John E.
  • Nature, Vol. 360, Issue 6405
  • DOI: 10.1038/360647a0

Forcing mechanisms of the Indian Ocean monsoon
journal, October 1991

  • Clemens, Steven; Prell, Warren; Murray, David
  • Nature, Vol. 353, Issue 6346
  • DOI: 10.1038/353720a0

GLOBAL GLACIAL ISOSTASY AND THE SURFACE OF THE ICE-AGE EARTH: The ICE-5G (VM2) Model and GRACE
journal, May 2004

The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 depth-age scale: Methods and results
journal, November 1997

  • Meese, D. A.; Gow, A. J.; Alley, R. B.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 102, Issue C12
  • DOI: 10.1029/97JC00269

Synchronization of ice core records via atmospheric gases
journal, January 2007

  • Blunier, T.; Spahni, R.; Barnola, J. -M.
  • Climate of the Past, Vol. 3, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.5194/cp-3-325-2007

Atmospheric CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O records over the past 60 000 years based on the comparison of different polar ice cores
journal, January 2002

Variations in Atmospheric N2O Concentration During Abrupt Climatic Changes
journal, July 1999

Efficacy of climate forcings
journal, January 2005

Timing of the Last Glacial Maximum from observed sea-level minima
journal, August 2000

  • Yokoyama, Yusuke; Lambeck, Kurt; De Deckker, Patrick
  • Nature, Vol. 406, Issue 6797
  • DOI: 10.1038/35021035

A Large Drop in Atmospheric 14C/12C and Reduced Melting in the Younger Dryas, Documented with 230Th Ages of Corals
journal, May 1993

Rapid sea-level fall and deep-ocean temperature change since the last interglacial period
journal, February 2003

Rapid Flooding of the Sunda Shelf: A Late-Glacial Sea-Level Record
journal, May 2000

Deglacial Meltwater Pulse 1B and Younger Dryas Sea Levels Revisited with Boreholes at Tahiti
journal, January 2010

The Last Glacial Maximum
journal, August 2009

Episodic reductions in bottom-water currents since the last ice age
journal, June 2008

  • Praetorius, Summer K.; McManus, Jerry F.; Oppo, Delia W.
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 1, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo227

Intermediate and deep water paleoceanography of the northern North Atlantic over the past 21,000 years: N ATLANTIC DEEPWATER PAST 21 KA
journal, March 2010

  • Thornalley, David J. R.; Elderfield, Harry; McCave, I. Nick
  • Paleoceanography, Vol. 25, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1029/2009PA001833

Does sedimentary 231 Pa/ 230 Th from the Bermuda Rise monitor past Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation?
journal, January 2009

  • Lippold, Jörg; Grützner, Jens; Winter, Diane
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1029/2009GL038068

Temporal Relationships of Carbon Cycling and Ocean Circulation at Glacial Boundaries
journal, March 2005

    [ × clear filter / sort ]

    Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections: