Dichotomy of the photo-induced 2-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO 3 surface terminations
Abstract
Oxide materials are important candidates for the next generation of electronics due to a wide array of desired properties, which they can exhibit alone or when combined with other materials. While SrTiO 3 (STO) is often considered a prototypical oxide, it, too, hosts a wide array of unusual properties, including a 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which can form at the surface when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. Using layer-by-layer growth of high-quality STO films, we show that the 2DEG only forms with the SrO termination and not with the TiO 2 termination, contrary to expectation. This dichotomy of the observed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) spectra is similarly seen in BaTiO 3 (BTO), in which the 2DEG is only observed for BaO-terminated films. These results will allow for a deeper understanding and better control of the electronic structure of titanate films, substrates, and heterostructures.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1564304
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1545528
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Volume: 116 Journal Issue: 34; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
- Publisher:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Rebec, Slavko N., Jia, Tao, Sohail, Hafiz M., Hashimoto, Makoto, Lu, Donghui, Shen, Zhi-Xun, and Moore, Robert G. Dichotomy of the photo-induced 2-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO 3 surface terminations. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821937116.
Rebec, Slavko N., Jia, Tao, Sohail, Hafiz M., Hashimoto, Makoto, Lu, Donghui, Shen, Zhi-Xun, & Moore, Robert G. Dichotomy of the photo-induced 2-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO 3 surface terminations. United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821937116
Rebec, Slavko N., Jia, Tao, Sohail, Hafiz M., Hashimoto, Makoto, Lu, Donghui, Shen, Zhi-Xun, and Moore, Robert G. Wed .
"Dichotomy of the photo-induced 2-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO 3 surface terminations". United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821937116.
@article{osti_1564304,
title = {Dichotomy of the photo-induced 2-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO 3 surface terminations},
author = {Rebec, Slavko N. and Jia, Tao and Sohail, Hafiz M. and Hashimoto, Makoto and Lu, Donghui and Shen, Zhi-Xun and Moore, Robert G.},
abstractNote = {Oxide materials are important candidates for the next generation of electronics due to a wide array of desired properties, which they can exhibit alone or when combined with other materials. While SrTiO 3 (STO) is often considered a prototypical oxide, it, too, hosts a wide array of unusual properties, including a 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which can form at the surface when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. Using layer-by-layer growth of high-quality STO films, we show that the 2DEG only forms with the SrO termination and not with the TiO 2 termination, contrary to expectation. This dichotomy of the observed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) spectra is similarly seen in BaTiO 3 (BTO), in which the 2DEG is only observed for BaO-terminated films. These results will allow for a deeper understanding and better control of the electronic structure of titanate films, substrates, and heterostructures.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1821937116},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 34,
volume = 116,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {8}
}
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821937116
Works referenced in this record:
Coexistence of magnetic order and two-dimensional superconductivity at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
journal, September 2011
- Li, Lu; Richter, C.; Mannhart, J.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 10, p. 762-766
Perspectives of cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy for complex oxide physics
journal, March 2018
- Wang, Aaron; Chien, TeYu
- Physics Letters A, Vol. 382, Issue 11
Control of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas on by Atomic Oxygen
journal, October 2014
- McKeown Walker, S.; de la Torre, A.; Bruno, F. Y.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 17
Creation and control of a two-dimensional electron liquid at the bare SrTiO3 surface
journal, January 2011
- Meevasana, W.; King, P. D. C.; He, R. H.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Chemically specific termination control of oxide interfaces via layer-by-layer mean inner potential engineering
journal, July 2018
- Sun, H. Y.; Mao, Z. W.; Zhang, T. W.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Growth of homoepitaxial SrTiO3 thin films by molecular-beam epitaxy
journal, April 2009
- Brooks, C. M.; Kourkoutis, L. Fitting; Heeg, T.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 16
Carrier-Density Control of the SrTiO 3 (001) Surface 2D Electron Gas studied by ARPES
journal, May 2015
- Walker, Siobhan McKeown; Bruno, Flavio Yair; Wang, Zhiming
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 26
Interface-Induced High-Temperature Superconductivity in Single Unit-Cell FeSe Films on SrTiO 3
journal, March 2012
- Wang, Qing-Yan; Li, Zhi; Zhang, Wen-Hao
- Chinese Physics Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 3
Atomically precise interfaces from non-stoichiometric deposition
journal, August 2014
- Nie, Y. F.; Zhu, Y.; Lee, C. -H.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Intrinsic origin of two-dimensional electron gas at the (001) surface of
journal, March 2015
- Delugas, Pietro; Fiorentini, Vincenzo; Mattoni, Alessandro
- Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 11
Superconducting Transition Temperatures of Semiconducting SrTi
journal, November 1967
- Koonce, C. S.; Cohen, Marvin L.; Schooley, J. F.
- Physical Review, Vol. 163, Issue 2
Electric field control of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface ground state
journal, December 2008
- Caviglia, A. D.; Gariglio, S.; Reyren, N.
- Nature, Vol. 456, Issue 7222
Anisotropic two-dimensional electron gas at SrTiO3(110)
journal, March 2014
- Wang, Z.; Zhong, Z.; Hao, X.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 11
Epitaxial SrTiO3 films with electron mobilities exceeding 30,000 cm2 V-1 s-1
journal, April 2010
- Son, Junwoo; Moetakef, Pouya; Jalan, Bharat
- Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 6, p. 482-484
Dynamic layer rearrangement during growth of layered oxide films by molecular beam epitaxy
journal, August 2014
- Lee, J. H.; Luo, G.; Tung, I. C.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 9
A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
journal, January 2004
- Ohtomo, A.; Hwang, H. Y.
- Nature, Vol. 427, Issue 6973
Interfacial mode coupling as the origin of the enhancement of Tc in FeSe films on SrTiO3
journal, November 2014
- Lee, J. J.; Schmitt, F. T.; Moore, R. G.
- Nature, Vol. 515, Issue 7526
Localized versus itinerant states created by multiple oxygen vacancies in SrTiO 3
journal, February 2015
- Jeschke, Harald O.; Shen, Juan; Valentí, Roser
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2
Oxygen vacancies on SrO-terminated surfaces studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy
journal, May 2015
- Sitaputra, Wattaka; Sivadas, Nikhil; Skowronski, Marek
- Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 20
SrTi : An intrinsic quantum paraelectric below 4 K
journal, April 1979
- Müller, K. A.; Burkard, H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 19, Issue 7
Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films
journal, January 2014
- Dral, A. Petra; Dubbink, David; Nijland, Maarten
- Journal of Visualized Experiments, Issue 94
Ubiquitous strong electron–phonon coupling at the interface of FeSe/SrTiO3
journal, February 2017
- Zhang, Chaofan; Liu, Zhongkai; Chen, Zhuoyu
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Orientational Tuning of the Fermi Sea of Confined Electrons at the (110) and (111) Surfaces
journal, June 2014
- Rödel, T. C.; Bareille, C.; Fortuna, F.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 1, Issue 5
Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
journal, September 2011
- Bert, Julie A.; Kalisky, Beena; Bell, Christopher
- Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 10, p. 767-771
Absence of giant spin splitting in the two-dimensional electron liquid at the surface of (001)
journal, June 2016
- McKeown Walker, S.; Riccò, S.; Bruno, F. Y.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 24
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO3
journal, January 2011
- Santander-Syro, A. F.; Copie, O.; Kondo, T.
- Nature, Vol. 469, Issue 7329, p. 189-193
Mapping the Electronic Structure of Each Ingredient Oxide Layer of High- Cuprate Superconductor
journal, December 2015
- Lv, Yan-Feng; Wang, Wen-Lin; Peng, Jun-Ping
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 23
Layer-by-Layer Evolution of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Near an Oxide Interface
journal, September 2013
- Chang, Young Jun; Moreschini, Luca; Bostwick, Aaron
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 12