Evaluating the QSO contribution to the 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn
Abstract
The upcoming radio interferometer Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is expected to directly detect the redshifted 21-cm signal from the neutral hydrogen present during the Cosmic Dawn. Temperature fluctuations from X-ray heating of the neutral intergalactic medium can dominate the fluctuations in the 21-cm signal from this time. This heating depends on the abundance, clustering, and properties of the X-ray sources present, which remain highly uncertain. We present a suite of three new large-volume, 349\,Mpc a side, fully numerical radiative transfer simulations including QSO-like sources, extending the work previously presented in Ross et al. (2017). The results show that our QSOs have a modest contribution to the heating budget, yet significantly impact the 21-cm signal. Initially, the power spectrum is boosted on large scales by heating from the biased QSO-like sources, before decreasing on all scales. Fluctuations from images of the 21-cm signal with resolutions corresponding to SKA1-Low at the appropriate redshifts are well above the expected noise for deep integrations, indicating that imaging could be feasible for all the X-ray source models considered. The most notable contribution of the QSOs is a dramatic increase in non-Gaussianity of the signal, as measured by the skewness and kurtosis of the 21-cm probability distribution functions. Furthermore, in the case of late Lyman-$$\alpha$$ saturation, this non-Gaussianity could be dramatically decreased particularly when heating occurs earlier. We conclude that increased non-Gaussianity is a promising signature of rare X-ray sources at this time, provided that Lyman-$$\alpha$$ saturation occurs before heating dominates the 21-cm signal.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[4];
[3]
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom); Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
- Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom); New York Univ. Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
- Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
- Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1564050
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 487; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; radiative transfer; cosmology: dark ages; reionizaion; first stars; galaxies: quasars: general; intergalactic medium; cosmology: theory; cosmology: large-scale structure of Universe
Citation Formats
Ross, Hannah E., Dixon, Keri L., Ghara, Raghunath, Iliev, Ilian T., and Mellema, Garrelt. Evaluating the QSO contribution to the 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1220.
Ross, Hannah E., Dixon, Keri L., Ghara, Raghunath, Iliev, Ilian T., & Mellema, Garrelt. Evaluating the QSO contribution to the 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1220
Ross, Hannah E., Dixon, Keri L., Ghara, Raghunath, Iliev, Ilian T., and Mellema, Garrelt. Sat .
"Evaluating the QSO contribution to the 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1220. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1564050.
@article{osti_1564050,
title = {Evaluating the QSO contribution to the 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn},
author = {Ross, Hannah E. and Dixon, Keri L. and Ghara, Raghunath and Iliev, Ilian T. and Mellema, Garrelt},
abstractNote = {The upcoming radio interferometer Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is expected to directly detect the redshifted 21-cm signal from the neutral hydrogen present during the Cosmic Dawn. Temperature fluctuations from X-ray heating of the neutral intergalactic medium can dominate the fluctuations in the 21-cm signal from this time. This heating depends on the abundance, clustering, and properties of the X-ray sources present, which remain highly uncertain. We present a suite of three new large-volume, 349\,Mpc a side, fully numerical radiative transfer simulations including QSO-like sources, extending the work previously presented in Ross et al. (2017). The results show that our QSOs have a modest contribution to the heating budget, yet significantly impact the 21-cm signal. Initially, the power spectrum is boosted on large scales by heating from the biased QSO-like sources, before decreasing on all scales. Fluctuations from images of the 21-cm signal with resolutions corresponding to SKA1-Low at the appropriate redshifts are well above the expected noise for deep integrations, indicating that imaging could be feasible for all the X-ray source models considered. The most notable contribution of the QSOs is a dramatic increase in non-Gaussianity of the signal, as measured by the skewness and kurtosis of the 21-cm probability distribution functions. Furthermore, in the case of late Lyman-$\alpha$ saturation, this non-Gaussianity could be dramatically decreased particularly when heating occurs earlier. We conclude that increased non-Gaussianity is a promising signature of rare X-ray sources at this time, provided that Lyman-$\alpha$ saturation occurs before heating dominates the 21-cm signal.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz1220},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 1,
volume = 487,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {5}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Properties of reionization-era galaxies from JWST luminosity functions and 21-cm interferometry
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Observing the Redshifted 21 cm Signal around a Bright QSO at z ∼ 10
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