Europium concentration effects on the scintillation properties of Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu single crystals for use in gamma spectroscopy

Rutstrom, Daniel; Stand, Luis; Koschan, Merry; Melcher, Charles L.; Zhuravleva, Mariya

doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116740

Title: Europium concentration effects on the scintillation properties of Cs₄SrI₆:Eu and Cs₄CaI₆:Eu single crystals for use in gamma spectroscopy

Full Record
Other Related Research

Abstract

Recently discovered scintillators Cs₄SrI₆:Eu and Cs₄CaI₆:Eu have shown promising properties for gamma-ray detection in homeland security applications, with <4% energy resolution (at 662 keV) and light yields above 50,000 ph/MeV. However, a thorough investigation of the effects of europium concentration has not yet been conducted. In this work, Eu²⁺ concentration was varied from 0.5 mol% to 9 mol%, and Ø7 mm single crystals were grown from the melt via the vertical Bridgman method. Scintillation performance was evaluated as a function of Eu²⁺ concentration to determine the optimal amount. The observed trend was improved energy resolution and higher light yield with increasing Eu²⁺ concentration up to 7 mol%. The best energy resolution achieved was 3.2% for Cs₄SrI₆:Eu 7% and 3.6% for Cs₄CaI₆:Eu 7%. Their respective light yields were 71,000 ph/MeV and 69,000 ph/MeV.

Authors:

Rutstrom, Daniel ^[1]; Stand, Luis ^[1]; Koschan, Merry ^[1]; Melcher, Charles L. ^[1]; Zhuravleva, Mariya ^[1]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1561974

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1562338

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003180

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Luminescence

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 216; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-2313

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Scintillator; Alkali metal halides; Rare earth elements; Bridgman technique; Growth from melt; Single crystal

Citation Formats


                    Rutstrom, Daniel, Stand, Luis, Koschan, Merry, Melcher, Charles L., and Zhuravleva, Mariya. Europium concentration effects on the scintillation properties of Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu single crystals for use in gamma spectroscopy.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116740.

Copy to clipboard


                    Rutstrom, Daniel, Stand, Luis, Koschan, Merry, Melcher, Charles L., & Zhuravleva, Mariya. Europium concentration effects on the scintillation properties of Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu single crystals for use in gamma spectroscopy.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116740

Copy to clipboard


                    Rutstrom, Daniel, Stand, Luis, Koschan, Merry, Melcher, Charles L., and Zhuravleva, Mariya. Wed .  
"Europium concentration effects on the scintillation properties of Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu single crystals for use in gamma spectroscopy".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116740.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1561974.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1561974,

  title        = {Europium concentration effects on the scintillation properties of Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu single crystals for use in gamma spectroscopy},

  author       = {Rutstrom, Daniel and Stand, Luis and Koschan, Merry and Melcher, Charles L. and Zhuravleva, Mariya},

  abstractNote = {Recently discovered scintillators Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu have shown promising properties for gamma-ray detection in homeland security applications, with <4% energy resolution (at 662 keV) and light yields above 50,000 ph/MeV. However, a thorough investigation of the effects of europium concentration has not yet been conducted. In this work, Eu2+ concentration was varied from 0.5 mol% to 9 mol%, and Ø7 mm single crystals were grown from the melt via the vertical Bridgman method. Scintillation performance was evaluated as a function of Eu2+ concentration to determine the optimal amount. The observed trend was improved energy resolution and higher light yield with increasing Eu2+ concentration up to 7 mol%. The best energy resolution achieved was 3.2% for Cs4SrI6:Eu 7% and 3.6% for Cs4CaI6:Eu 7%. Their respective light yields were 71,000 ph/MeV and 69,000 ph/MeV.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116740},

  journal      = {Journal of Luminescence},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 216,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Wed Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116740

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 9 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Crystal growth and scintillation properties of new ytterbium-activated scintillators Cs₄CaI₆:Yb and Cs₄SrI₆:Yb

Journal Article Rutstrom, Daniel ; Stand, Luis ; Dryzhakov, Bogdan ; ... - Optical Materials

Yb²⁺ was investigated as a potential alternative activator for Cs₄SrI₆ and Cs₄CaI₆ scintillators for the first time, as opposed to the previously studied Eu2+ activator. Single crystals with nominal Yb²⁺ concentrations of 0.5 mol%, 1 mol%, and 3 mol% were grown in Ø7 mm ampoules using the vertical Bridgman method. Luminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated as a function of Yb²⁺ concentration and host compound. Here, the 5d → 4f electronic transition of Yb²⁺ was observed for both the Sr- and Ca-containing compositions. X-ray induced radioluminescence emission was centered between 449 nm and 463 nm depending on Yb²⁺ concentration andmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110536

Full Text Available
Improved light yield and growth of large-volume ultrafast single crystal scintillators Cs₂ZnCl₄ and Cs₃ZnCl₅

Journal Article Rutstrom, Daniel ; Stand, Luis ; Delzer, Cordell ; ... - Optical Materials

Due to their reported fast decay times, Cs₂ZnCl₄ and Cs₃ZnCl₅ are promising candidates for detection of gamma rays and X-rays in high count rate and fast timing applications. In this work, we show that single crystals with better optical quality than previously demonstrated – and larger in size – can be grown via the vertical Bridgman method. Highly transparent Ø7 mm crystals of undoped Cs₂ZnCl₄ and Cs₃ZnCl₅ are grown and measured to have light yields surpassing those previously reported, achieving 1980 ± 100 ph/MeV and 1460 ± 70 ph/MeV at 662 keV – a 55% and 232% improvement, respectively. Wemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112912

Full Text Available
Effects of packaging SrI₂(Eu) scintillator crystals

Journal Article Sturm, Benjamin W. ; Cherepy, Nerine J. ; Drury, Owen B. ; ... - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Recent renewed emphasis placed on gamma-ray detectors for national security purposes has motivated researchers to identify and develop new scintillator materials capable of high energy resolution and growable to large sizes. We have discovered that SrI₂(Eu) has many desirable properties for gamma-ray detection and spectroscopy, including high light yield of ~90,000 photons/MeV and excellent light yield proportionality. We have measured <2.7% FWHM at 662 keV with small detectors (<1 cm³) in direct contact with a photomultiplier tube, and ~3% resolution at 662 keV is obtained for 1 in.³ crystals. Due to the hygroscopic nature of SrI₂(Eu), similar to NaI(Tl), propermore »« less
Cited by 36
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.10.041

Full Text Available
Defect Engineering in SrI₂:Eu²⁺ Single Crystal Scintillators

Journal Article Wu, Yuntao ; Boatner, Lynn A. ; Lindsey, Adam C. ; ... - Crystal Growth and Design

Eu²⁺-activated strontium iodide is an excellent single crystal scintillator used for gamma-ray detection and significant effort is currently focused on the development of large-scale crystal growth techniques. A new approach of molten-salt pumping or so-called melt aging was recently applied to optimize the crystal quality and scintillation performance. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanism of this technique is still lacking. The main purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth study of the interplay between microstructure, trap centers and scintillation efficiency after melt aging treatment. Three SrI²:2 mol% Eu2+ single crystals with 16 mm diameter were grownmore »« less
Cited by 25
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00552

Full Text Available
Scintillation properties of Eu²⁺-doped KBa₂I₅ and K₂BaI₄

Journal Article Stand, L. ; Zhuravleva, M. ; Chakoumakos, Bryan C. ; ... - Journal of Luminescence

We report two new ternary metal halide scintillators, KBa₂I₅ and K₂BaI₄, activated with divalent europium. Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that KBa₂I₅ has a monoclinic structure (P2₁/c) and that K₂BaI₄ has a rhombohedral structure (R3c). Differential scanning calorimetry showed singular melting and crystallization points, making these compounds viable candidates for melt growth. We grew 13 mm diameter single crystals of KBa₂I₅:Eu²⁺ and K₂BaI₄:Eu2+ in evacuated quartz ampoules via the vertical Bridgman technique. The optimal Eu²⁺ concentration was 4% for KBa₂I₅ and 7% for K₂BaI₄. The X-ray excited emissions at 444 nm for KBa₂I₅:Eu 4% and 448 nm for K₂BaI₄:Eumore »« less
Cited by 13
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.09.013

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Europium concentration effects on the scintillation properties of Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu single crystals for use in gamma spectroscopy

Abstract

Citation Formats

Title: Europium concentration effects on the scintillation properties of Cs₄SrI₆:Eu and Cs₄CaI₆:Eu single crystals for use in gamma spectroscopy