The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials

Laubach, S. E.; Lander, R. H.; Criscenti, L. J.; Anovitz, L. M.; Urai, J. L.; Pollyea, R. M.; Hooker, J. N.; Narr, W.; Evans, M. A.; Kerisit, S. N.; Olson, J. E.; Dewers, T.; Fisher, D.; Bodnar, R.; Evans, B.; Dove, P.; Bonnell, L. M.; Marder, M. P.; Pyrak‐Nolte, L.

doi:10.1029/2019RG000671

Title: The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials

Abstract

Fracture pattern development has been a challenging area of research in the Earth sciences for more than 100 years. Much has been learned about the spatial and temporal complexity inherent to these systems, but severe challenges remain. Future advances will require new approaches. Chemical processes play a larger role in opening-mode fracture pattern development than has hitherto been appreciated. This review examines relationships between mechanical and geochemical processes that influence the fracture patterns recorded in natural settings. For fractures formed in diagenetic settings (~50 to 200 °C), we review evidence of chemical reactions in fractures and show how a chemical perspective helps solve problems in fracture analysis. We also outline impediments to subsurface pattern measurement and interpretation, assess implications of discoveries in fracture history reconstruction for process-based models, review models of fracture cementation and chemically assisted fracture growth, and discuss promising paths for future work. To accurately predict the mechanical and fluid flow properties of fracture systems, a processes-based approach is needed. Progress is possible using observational, experimental, and modeling approaches that view fracture patterns and properties as the result of coupled mechanical and chemical processes. A critical area is reconstructing patterns through time. Such data sets are essential formore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Lander, R. H. ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5];

^[6];

^[7]; Narr, W. ^[8]; Evans, M. A. ^[9]; Kerisit, S. N. ^[10]; Olson, J. E. ^[11];

^[3];

^[7]; Bodnar, R. ^[6];

^[12]; Dove, P. ^[6]; Bonnell, L. M. ^[2];

^[13];

^[14]

Bureau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
Geocosm LLC Durango CO USA
Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM USA
Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA
Institute of Structural Geology, Tectonics and Geomechanics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
Department of Geosciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA
Department of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
Chevron Energy Technology Company Houston TX USA
Department of Geological Sciences Central Connecticut State University New Britain CT USA
Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
Department of Physics The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
Department of Physics Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Publication Date:: 2019-09-13

Research Org.:: Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

OSTI Identifier:: 1562148

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1562150; OSTI ID: 1594884

Grant/Contract Number:: DE‐FG02‐03ER15430; DE‐NA0003525; FG02-03ER15430; NE 822/34-1; UR 64/17-1; NA0003525

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Reviews of Geophysics (1985)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics (1985) Journal Volume: 57 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 8755-1209

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES; fractures; faults; crack seal; fluid inclusions; shale; unconventional resources; CO2 sequestration; quartz; fracture reservoir

Citation Formats


                    Laubach, S. E., Lander, R. H., Criscenti, L. J., Anovitz, L. M., Urai, J. L., Pollyea, R. M., Hooker, J. N., Narr, W., Evans, M. A., Kerisit, S. N., Olson, J. E., Dewers, T., Fisher, D., Bodnar, R., Evans, B., Dove, P., Bonnell, L. M., Marder, M. P., and Pyrak‐Nolte, L. The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1029/2019RG000671.

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                    Laubach, S. E., Lander, R. H., Criscenti, L. J., Anovitz, L. M., Urai, J. L., Pollyea, R. M., Hooker, J. N., Narr, W., Evans, M. A., Kerisit, S. N., Olson, J. E., Dewers, T., Fisher, D., Bodnar, R., Evans, B., Dove, P., Bonnell, L. M., Marder, M. P., & Pyrak‐Nolte, L. The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000671

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                    Laubach, S. E., Lander, R. H., Criscenti, L. J., Anovitz, L. M., Urai, J. L., Pollyea, R. M., Hooker, J. N., Narr, W., Evans, M. A., Kerisit, S. N., Olson, J. E., Dewers, T., Fisher, D., Bodnar, R., Evans, B., Dove, P., Bonnell, L. M., Marder, M. P., and Pyrak‐Nolte, L. Fri .  
"The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000671.

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@article{osti_1562148,

  title        = {The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials},

  author       = {Laubach, S. E. and Lander, R. H. and Criscenti, L. J. and Anovitz, L. M. and Urai, J. L. and Pollyea, R. M. and Hooker, J. N. and Narr, W. and Evans, M. A. and Kerisit, S. N. and Olson, J. E. and Dewers, T. and Fisher, D. and Bodnar, R. and Evans, B. and Dove, P. and Bonnell, L. M. and Marder, M. P. and Pyrak‐Nolte, L.},

  abstractNote = {Fracture pattern development has been a challenging area of research in the Earth sciences for more than 100 years. Much has been learned about the spatial and temporal complexity inherent to these systems, but severe challenges remain. Future advances will require new approaches. Chemical processes play a larger role in opening-mode fracture pattern development than has hitherto been appreciated. This review examines relationships between mechanical and geochemical processes that influence the fracture patterns recorded in natural settings. For fractures formed in diagenetic settings (~50 to 200 °C), we review evidence of chemical reactions in fractures and show how a chemical perspective helps solve problems in fracture analysis. We also outline impediments to subsurface pattern measurement and interpretation, assess implications of discoveries in fracture history reconstruction for process-based models, review models of fracture cementation and chemically assisted fracture growth, and discuss promising paths for future work. To accurately predict the mechanical and fluid flow properties of fracture systems, a processes-based approach is needed. Progress is possible using observational, experimental, and modeling approaches that view fracture patterns and properties as the result of coupled mechanical and chemical processes. A critical area is reconstructing patterns through time. Such data sets are essential for developing and testing predictive models. Other topics that need work include models of crystal growth and dissolution rates under geological conditions, cement mechanical effects, and subcritical crack propagation. Advances in machine learning and 3-D imaging present opportunities for a mechanistic understanding of fracture formation and development, enabling prediction of spatial and temporal complexity over geologic timescales. Finally, geophysical research with a chemical perspective is needed to correctly identify and interpret fractures from geophysical measurements during site characterization and monitoring of subsurface engineering activities.},

  doi          = {10.1029/2019RG000671},

  journal      = {Reviews of Geophysics (1985)},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 57,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {9}

}

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Experimental investigation of the dissolution of quartz by a muscovite mica surface: Implications for pressure solution
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Hanke, John R.; Fischer, Mark P.; Pollyea, Ryan M.
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Variations in fracture system geometry and their implications for fluid flow in fractures hydrocarbon reservoirs
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Lee, Jaewon; Min, Ki-Bok; Rutqvist, Jonny
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Lander, Robert H.; Larese, Richard E.; Bonnell, Linda M.
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Similar Records

Title: The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials

Abstract

Citation Formats

Hydrothermal mineralising systems as chemical reactors: Wavelet analysis, multifractals and correlations journal, December 2016

Microstructural evolution in bitaxial crack-seal veins: A phase-field study: 3-D PHASE-FIELD STUDY OF BITAXIAL VEINS journal, May 2015

Numerical simulation of multiple 3D fracture propagation using arbitrary meshes journal, February 2011

A method of calculating quartz solubilities in aqueous sodium chloride solutions journal, March 1983

Orthogonal fracture systems at the limits of thrusting: an example from southwestern Wales journal, January 1990

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From spatial variation of fracture patterns to fold kinematics: A geomechanical approach journal, January 2006

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The strengthening effect caused by an elastic contrast—part II: stratification by a thin stiff layer journal, November 2012

RESEARCH FOCUS: Serpentinization and the formation of fluid pathways journal, January 2016

The evolution of crack seal vein and fracture networks in an evolving stress field: Insights from Discrete Element Models of fracture sealing: DEM crack-seal evolution journal, December 2014

Isotopic compositions of asteroidal liquid water trapped in fluid inclusions of chondrites journal, January 2014

Healing of microcracks in quartz: Implications for fluid flow journal, January 1990

Fluid inclusion and stable isotope analyses of veins from the central Appalachian Valley and Ridge province: Implications for regional synorogenic hydrologic structure and fluid migration journal, December 1999

Subsurface fractures and their relationship to stress history in East Texas basin sandstone journal, December 1988

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Outcrops as guides to subsurface natural fractures: Example from the Nikanassin Formation tight-gas sandstone, Grande Cache, Alberta foothills, Canada journal, May 2019

Kinematics of crystal growth in syntectonic fibrous veins journal, January 1991

Regional-scale development of opening-mode calcite veins due to silica diagenesis: CALCITE VEINS DUE TO SILICA DIAGENESIS journal, July 2017

Inferring paleostresses from natural fracture patterns: A new method journal, January 1989

Predicting fracture swarms — the influence of subcritical crack growth and the crack-tip process zone on joint spacing in rock journal, January 2004

Syn- and postkinematic cement textures in fractured carbonate rocks: Insights from advanced cathodoluminescence imaging journal, October 2016

A note on the scaling relations for opening mode fractures in rock journal, October 2010

Formation and preservation of a giant petroleum accumulation in superdeep carbonate reservoirs in the southern Halahatang oil field area, Tarim Basin, China journal, July 2019

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Reactive transport modeling of early burial dolomitization of carbonate platforms by geothermal convection journal, June 2010

Fracture porosity creation and persistence in a basement-involved Laramide fold, Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, Green River Basin, USA journal, April 2016

Coupled Large Scale Hydromechanical Modelling for Caprock Failure Risk Assessment of CO 2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers journal, April 2010

Practical approaches to identifying sealed and open fractures journal, April 2003

Pressure-Transient Responses of Fractures With Variable Conductivity and Asymmetric Well Location journal, May 2019

Poroelastic modeling of seismic boundary conditions across a fracture journal, August 2007

The characteristics of open fractures in carbonate reservoirs and their impact on fluid flow: a discussion journal, January 2016

The growth of crystals under external pressure journal, June 1916

Dolomitization, anhydrite cementation, and porosity evolution in a reflux system: Insights from reactive transport models journal, May 2005

Structural analyses and fracture network characterisation: Seven pillars of wisdom journal, September 2018

Influence of geometry upon crack healing rate in calcite journal, October 1987

A universal power-law scaling exponent for fracture apertures in sandstones journal, May 2014

Flow and Transport in Fractured Rocks journal, January 1991

Photograph of the month journal, May 2012

Elastic wave Propagation in Media with Parallel Fractures and Aligned Cracks1 journal, August 1988

How Precisely Can the Temperature of a Fluid Event be Constrained Using Fluid Inclusions? journal, December 2018

A sequential implicit algorithm of chemo-thermo-poro-mechanics for fractured geothermal reservoirs journal, March 2015

Sub-seismic fractures in foreland fold and thrust belts: insight from the Lurestan Province, Zagros Mountains, Iran journal, August 2011

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New geothermal data from the Kola superdeep well SG-3 journal, June 1999

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Structural and diagenetic control of fluid migration and cementation along the Moab fault, Utah journal, May 2009

High fluid pressures during regional metamorphism and deformation: Implications for mass transport and deformation mechanisms journal, June 1984

Multiscale investigation of stress-corrosion crack propagation mechanisms in oxide glasses journal, January 2015

The Jabal Akhdar dome in the Oman Mountains: Evolution of a dynamic fracture system journal, September 2014

Kinking of a Crack Out of an Interface journal, June 1989

Mechanical and fracture stratigraphy journal, November 2009

The roles of toughness and cohesive strength on crack deflection at interfaces journal, February 2006

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Modeling Coupled Fracture-Matrix Fluid Flow in Geomechanically Simulated Fracture Networks journal, August 2005

A reactive molecular dynamics simulation of the silica-water interface journal, May 2010

The Force of Crystallization and Fracture Propagation during In-Situ Carbonation of Peridotite journal, October 2017

Phase-field study of grain boundary tracking behavior in crack-seal microstructures journal, November 2013

Crystallization pressure versus “crack seal” as the mechanism for banded veins journal, January 2001

Scaling of fracture systems in geological media journal, August 2001

Effect of fluid salinity on subcritical crack propagation in calcite journal, January 2013

Development of crystal morphology during unitaxial growth in a progressively widening vein: II. Numerical simulations of the evolution of antitaxial fibrous veins journal, June 2001

Formation and growth of extensional fracture sets journal, January 1984

Hydrothermal mineralising systems as chemical reactors: Wavelet analysis, multifractals and correlations
journal, December 2016

Microstructural evolution in bitaxial crack-seal veins: A phase-field study: 3-D PHASE-FIELD STUDY OF BITAXIAL VEINS
journal, May 2015

Numerical simulation of multiple 3D fracture propagation using arbitrary meshes
journal, February 2011

A method of calculating quartz solubilities in aqueous sodium chloride solutions
journal, March 1983

Orthogonal fracture systems at the limits of thrusting: an example from southwestern Wales
journal, January 1990

A coupled model for transport of multiple chemical species and kinetic precipitation/dissolution reactions with application to reactive flow in single phase hydrothermal systems
journal, May 1994

From spatial variation of fracture patterns to fold kinematics: A geomechanical approach
journal, January 2006

Energy criterion for crack deflection at an interface between two orthotropic media
journal, August 1994

Mixed-pattern cracking in silica during stress corrosion: A reactive molecular dynamics simulation
journal, February 2014

An integrated workflow for stress and flow modelling using outcrop-derived discrete fracture networks
journal, June 2017

Nanoscale constraints on porosity generation and fluid flow during serpentinization
journal, January 2016

The effect of water penetration on crack growth in silica glass
journal, March 2013

Microfractures: A review
journal, December 2014

Quartz solubility in H2O-NaCl and H2O-CO2 solutions at deep crust-upper mantle pressures and temperatures: 2–15 kbar and 500–900°C
journal, September 2000

Flow channeling in heterogeneous fractured rocks
journal, May 1998

A Method for Estimating Hydrocarbon Cumulative Production Distribution of Individual Wells in Naturally Fractured Carbonates, Sandstones, Shale Gas, Coalbed Methane and Tight Gas Formations
journal, August 2010

Crack Blunting of High-Silica Glass
journal, August 1982

Time-dependent cracking and brittle creep in crustal rocks: A review
journal, July 2013

Are open fractures necessarily aligned with maximum horizontal stress?
journal, May 2004

The strengthening effect caused by an elastic contrast—part II: stratification by a thin stiff layer
journal, November 2012

RESEARCH FOCUS: Serpentinization and the formation of fluid pathways
journal, January 2016

The evolution of crack seal vein and fracture networks in an evolving stress field: Insights from Discrete Element Models of fracture sealing: DEM crack-seal evolution
journal, December 2014

Isotopic compositions of asteroidal liquid water trapped in fluid inclusions of chondrites
journal, January 2014

Healing of microcracks in quartz: Implications for fluid flow
journal, January 1990

Fluid inclusion and stable isotope analyses of veins from the central Appalachian Valley and Ridge province: Implications for regional synorogenic hydrologic structure and fluid migration
journal, December 1999

Subsurface fractures and their relationship to stress history in East Texas basin sandstone
journal, December 1988

Rock Property Prediction Using Process-Oriented Models and Digital Sedimentary Petrology Models
conference, June 2018

Outcrops as guides to subsurface natural fractures: Example from the Nikanassin Formation tight-gas sandstone, Grande Cache, Alberta foothills, Canada
journal, May 2019

Kinematics of crystal growth in syntectonic fibrous veins
journal, January 1991

Regional-scale development of opening-mode calcite veins due to silica diagenesis: CALCITE VEINS DUE TO SILICA DIAGENESIS
journal, July 2017

Inferring paleostresses from natural fracture patterns: A new method
journal, January 1989

Predicting fracture swarms — the influence of subcritical crack growth and the crack-tip process zone on joint spacing in rock
journal, January 2004

Syn- and postkinematic cement textures in fractured carbonate rocks: Insights from advanced cathodoluminescence imaging
journal, October 2016

A note on the scaling relations for opening mode fractures in rock
journal, October 2010

Formation and preservation of a giant petroleum accumulation in superdeep carbonate reservoirs in the southern Halahatang oil field area, Tarim Basin, China
journal, July 2019

Origin of late dolomite cement by CO2-saturated deep basin brines: Evidence from the Ozark region, central United States
journal, January 1991

Effects of CO 2 on mechanical variability and constitutive behavior of the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation, Cranfield Injection Site, USA
journal, October 2016

Reactive transport modeling of early burial dolomitization of carbonate platforms by geothermal convection
journal, June 2010

Fracture porosity creation and persistence in a basement-involved Laramide fold, Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, Green River Basin, USA
journal, April 2016

Coupled Large Scale Hydromechanical Modelling for Caprock Failure Risk Assessment of CO ₂ Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers
journal, April 2010

Practical approaches to identifying sealed and open fractures
journal, April 2003

Pressure-Transient Responses of Fractures With Variable Conductivity and Asymmetric Well Location
journal, May 2019

Poroelastic modeling of seismic boundary conditions across a fracture
journal, August 2007

The characteristics of open fractures in carbonate reservoirs and their impact on fluid flow: a discussion
journal, January 2016

The growth of crystals under external pressure
journal, June 1916

Dolomitization, anhydrite cementation, and porosity evolution in a reflux system: Insights from reactive transport models
journal, May 2005

Structural analyses and fracture network characterisation: Seven pillars of wisdom
journal, September 2018

Influence of geometry upon crack healing rate in calcite
journal, October 1987

A universal power-law scaling exponent for fracture apertures in sandstones
journal, May 2014

Flow and Transport in Fractured Rocks
journal, January 1991

Photograph of the month
journal, May 2012

Elastic wave Propagation in Media with Parallel Fractures and Aligned Cracks1
journal, August 1988

How Precisely Can the Temperature of a Fluid Event be Constrained Using Fluid Inclusions?
journal, December 2018

A sequential implicit algorithm of chemo-thermo-poro-mechanics for fractured geothermal reservoirs
journal, March 2015

Sub-seismic fractures in foreland fold and thrust belts: insight from the Lurestan Province, Zagros Mountains, Iran
journal, August 2011

Numerical simulation of thermal-hydrologic-mechanical-chemical processes in deformable, fractured porous media
journal, July 2009

Thermal–hydrologic–mechanical–chemical processes in the evolution of engineered geothermal reservoirs
journal, July 2009

Tectono-thermal evolution of Oman's Mesozoic passive continental margin under the obducting Semail Ophiolite: a case study of Jebel Akhdar, Oman
journal, January 2019

New geothermal data from the Kola superdeep well SG-3
journal, June 1999

The effect of time on the weathering of silicate minerals: why do weathering rates differ in the laboratory and field?
journal, December 2003

Structural and diagenetic control of fluid migration and cementation along the Moab fault, Utah
journal, May 2009

High fluid pressures during regional metamorphism and deformation: Implications for mass transport and deformation mechanisms
journal, June 1984

Multiscale investigation of stress-corrosion crack propagation mechanisms in oxide glasses
journal, January 2015

The Jabal Akhdar dome in the Oman Mountains: Evolution of a dynamic fracture system
journal, September 2014

Kinking of a Crack Out of an Interface
journal, June 1989

Mechanical and fracture stratigraphy
journal, November 2009

The roles of toughness and cohesive strength on crack deflection at interfaces
journal, February 2006

Environmentally Enhanced Fracture of Glass: A Historical Perspective
journal, July 2009

Modeling Coupled Fracture-Matrix Fluid Flow in Geomechanically Simulated Fracture Networks
journal, August 2005

A reactive molecular dynamics simulation of the silica-water interface
journal, May 2010

The Force of Crystallization and Fracture Propagation during In-Situ Carbonation of Peridotite
journal, October 2017

Phase-field study of grain boundary tracking behavior in crack-seal microstructures
journal, November 2013

Crystallization pressure versus “crack seal” as the mechanism for banded veins
journal, January 2001

Scaling of fracture systems in geological media
journal, August 2001

Effect of fluid salinity on subcritical crack propagation in calcite
journal, January 2013

Development of crystal morphology during unitaxial growth in a progressively widening vein: II. Numerical simulations of the evolution of antitaxial fibrous veins
journal, June 2001

Formation and growth of extensional fracture sets
journal, January 1984

Diagenesis in porosity evolution of opening-mode fractures, Middle Triassic to Lower Jurassic La Boca Formation, NE Mexico
journal, June 2006

Approaching a universal scaling relationship between fracture stiffness and fluid flow
journal, February 2016

Late Permian age of NH4-bearing illite in anthracite from eastern Pennsylvania: Temporal limits on coalification in the central Appalachians
journal, June 1994