Tensile properties of polymer nanowires fabricated via two-photon lithography

doi:10.1039/C9RA02350J

Title: Tensile properties of polymer nanowires fabricated via two-photon lithography

Abstract

Two-photon lithography enables fabrication of complex 3D structures with nanoscale features. However, its utility is limited by the lack of knowledge about the process–property relationship. Here, we have designed micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based miniaturized tensile testers to measure the stress–strain response of the individual polymer nanowires. Measurements demonstrate that geometrically indistinguishable nanowires can exhibit widely varying material behavior ranging from brittle to soft plastic based on processing conditions. In addition, a distinct size-scaling effect was observed for post-processed nanowires wherein thinner nanowires have up to 2 times higher properties. The process–property characterization presented here will be critical for predictive design of functional 3D structures with nanoscale features.

Authors:

Ladner, Ian S. ^[1]; Cullinan, Michael A. ^[2];

^[3]

Center for Engineered Materials & Manufacturing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
Center for Engineered Materials & Manufacturing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date:: 2019-09-13

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1562143

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1569664

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-765187
Journal ID: ISSN 2046-2069; RSCACL

Grant/Contract Number:: LDRD-16-ERD-047; AC52-07NA27344

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: RSC Advances

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: RSC Advances Journal Volume: 9 Journal Issue: 49; Journal ID: ISSN 2046-2069

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Ladner, Ian S., Cullinan, Michael A., and Saha, Sourabh K. Tensile properties of polymer nanowires fabricated via two-photon lithography.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1039/C9RA02350J.

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                    Ladner, Ian S., Cullinan, Michael A., & Saha, Sourabh K. Tensile properties of polymer nanowires fabricated via two-photon lithography.  United Kingdom.  doi:10.1039/C9RA02350J.

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                    Ladner, Ian S., Cullinan, Michael A., and Saha, Sourabh K. Fri .  
        "Tensile properties of polymer nanowires fabricated via two-photon lithography".  United Kingdom.  doi:10.1039/C9RA02350J.

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@article{osti_1562143,

  title        = {Tensile properties of polymer nanowires fabricated via two-photon lithography},

  author       = {Ladner, Ian S. and Cullinan, Michael A. and Saha, Sourabh K.},

  abstractNote = {Two-photon lithography enables fabrication of complex 3D structures with nanoscale features. However, its utility is limited by the lack of knowledge about the process–property relationship. Here, we have designed micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based miniaturized tensile testers to measure the stress–strain response of the individual polymer nanowires. Measurements demonstrate that geometrically indistinguishable nanowires can exhibit widely varying material behavior ranging from brittle to soft plastic based on processing conditions. In addition, a distinct size-scaling effect was observed for post-processed nanowires wherein thinner nanowires have up to 2 times higher properties. The process–property characterization presented here will be critical for predictive design of functional 3D structures with nanoscale features.},

  doi          = {10.1039/C9RA02350J},

  journal      = {RSC Advances},

  number       = 49,

  volume       = 9,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {9}

}

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DOI: 10.1039/C9RA02350J

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1: Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based miniaturized tensile tester. (a) Optical image of the unpackaged tensile tester illustrating the actuator and the two sensors. (b and c) Scanning electron microscope images of the sensor pads and the polymer nanowire printed across the two stages. (d) Schematic representation of printing of amore »

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Similar Records

Title: Tensile properties of polymer nanowires fabricated via two-photon lithography

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Size dependent nanomechanics of coil spring shaped polymer nanowires journal, November 2015

Three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with a twist journal, November 2017

A review on the processing accuracy of two-photon polymerization journal, March 2015

Two-photon direct laser writing of ultracompact multi-lens objectives journal, June 2016

Nanolattices: An Emerging Class of Mechanical Metamaterials journal, September 2017

Dynamic Actuation of Soft 3D Micromechanical Structures Using Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) journal, January 2018

Advances in 3D nano/microfabrication using two-photon initiated polymerization journal, June 2008

Polymerization Kinetics in Three-Dimensional Direct Laser Writing journal, August 2014

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Size-dependent elastic properties of nanosized structural elements journal, July 2000

Optimizing the mechanical properties of polymer resists for strong and light-weight micro-truss structures journal, September 2016

Stress relaxation in polymeric microlattice materials journal, September 2017

MEMS platform for on-chip nanomechanical experiments with strong and highly ductile nanofibers journal, November 2010

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Mechanical properties and tuning of three-dimensional polymeric photonic crystals journal, December 2007

Effect of Proximity of Features on the Damage Threshold During Submicron Additive Manufacturing Via Two-Photon Polymerization journal, May 2017

Two-photon polymerization technique with sub-50 nm resolution by sub-10 fs laser pulses journal, January 2012

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Radiopaque Resists for Two-Photon Lithography To Enable Submicron 3D Imaging of Polymer Parts via X-ray Computed Tomography journal, December 2017

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Three-dimensional microfabrication with two-photon-absorbed photopolymerization journal, January 1997

Estimation of line dimensions in 3D direct laser writing lithography journal, September 2016

Size-dependent elastic modulus of single electroactive polymer nanofibers journal, December 2006

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Controlling Young’s modulus of polymerized structures fabricated by direct laser writing journal, September 2014

Young’s modulus measurement of two-photon polymerized micro-cantilevers by using nanoindentation equipment journal, November 2012

Approaching theoretical strength in glassy carbon nanolattices journal, February 2016

Post-print UV curing method for improving the mechanical properties of prototypes derived from two-photon lithography journal, January 2016

Two-photon polymerization with variable repetition rate bursts of femtosecond laser pulses journal, January 2012

Post-cure shrinkage of photo-sensitive material used in laser lithography process journal, January 1997

Quantitative in situ TEM tensile fatigue testing on nanocrystalline metallic ultrathin films journal, January 2013

Three-dimensional multi-photon direct laser writing with variable repetition rate journal, January 2013

Size dependent nanomechanics of coil spring shaped polymer nanowires
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Three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with a twist
journal, November 2017

A review on the processing accuracy of two-photon polymerization
journal, March 2015

Two-photon direct laser writing of ultracompact multi-lens objectives
journal, June 2016

Nanolattices: An Emerging Class of Mechanical Metamaterials
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Dynamic Actuation of Soft 3D Micromechanical Structures Using Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)
journal, January 2018

Advances in 3D nano/microfabrication using two-photon initiated polymerization
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Polymerization Kinetics in Three-Dimensional Direct Laser Writing
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Laser-Directed Assembly of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes in Three Dimensions for Multifunctional Device Fabrication
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Size-dependent elastic properties of nanosized structural elements
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Stress relaxation in polymeric microlattice materials
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MEMS platform for on-chip nanomechanical experiments with strong and highly ductile nanofibers
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Two-Photon Polymerization Metrology: Characterization Methods of Mechanisms and Microstructures
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Mechanical properties and tuning of three-dimensional polymeric photonic crystals
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Effect of Proximity of Features on the Damage Threshold During Submicron Additive Manufacturing Via Two-Photon Polymerization
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Two-photon polymerization technique with sub-50 nm resolution by sub-10 fs laser pulses
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3D Printed Microtransporters: Compound Micromachines for Spatiotemporally Controlled Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
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A thermal actuator for nanoscale in situ microscopy testing: design and characterization
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Improved development procedure to enhance the stability of microstructures created by two-photon polymerization
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Radiopaque Resists for Two-Photon Lithography To Enable Submicron 3D Imaging of Polymer Parts via X-ray Computed Tomography
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Optically driven micropump produced by three-dimensional two-photon microfabrication
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Direct Laser Writing of Low-Density Interdigitated Foams for Plasma Drive Shaping
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Three-Dimensional Nanostructures for Photonics
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Two-photon polymerization: investigation of chemical and mechanical properties of resins using Raman microspectroscopy
journal, January 2014

Strong, lightweight, and recoverable three-dimensional ceramic nanolattices
journal, September 2014

Mechanisms of three-dimensional structuring of photo-polymers by tightly focussed femtosecond laser pulses
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Two-photon polymerisation for three-dimensional micro-fabrication
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Three-dimensional microfabrication with two-photon-absorbed photopolymerization
journal, January 1997

Estimation of line dimensions in 3D direct laser writing lithography
journal, September 2016

Size-dependent elastic modulus of single electroactive polymer nanofibers
journal, December 2006

In situ microtensile stage for electromechanical characterization of nanoscale freestanding films
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Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: a review
journal, April 2009

Controlling Young’s modulus of polymerized structures fabricated by direct laser writing
journal, September 2014

Young’s modulus measurement of two-photon polymerized micro-cantilevers by using nanoindentation equipment
journal, November 2012

Approaching theoretical strength in glassy carbon nanolattices
journal, February 2016

Post-print UV curing method for improving the mechanical properties of prototypes derived from two-photon lithography
journal, January 2016

Two-photon polymerization with variable repetition rate bursts of femtosecond laser pulses
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Post-cure shrinkage of photo-sensitive material used in laser lithography process
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Quantitative in situ TEM tensile fatigue testing on nanocrystalline metallic ultrathin films
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Three-dimensional multi-photon direct laser writing with variable repetition rate
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