High temperature materials for heavy duty diesel engines: Historical and future trends

Pierce, Dean T.; Haynes, James A.; Hughes, Jeff; Graves, Ronald L.; Maziasz, Philip J.; Muralidharan, Govindarajan; Shyam, Amit; Wang, Ben; England, Roger; Daniel, Claus

doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.10.004

Title: High temperature materials for heavy duty diesel engines: Historical and future trends

Journal Article · 23 October 2018 · Progress in Materials Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.10.004 · OSTI ID:1561678

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^[1]; Hughes, Jeff ^[2]; Graves, Ronald L. ^[1];

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^[1]; Wang, Ben ^[2]; England, Roger ^[3];

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Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Cummins Inc., Columbus, IN (United States)
Valvoline, Inc., Lexington, KY (United States)

We report that heavy duty (HD) vehicles are projected to be the largest fuel-use subsector in transportation, with current demand for diesel fuel projected to grow 30% by 2040. Historically, a primary strategy for increasing diesel engine efficiency has been to increase peak cylinder pressure (PCP). However, increasing PCP imparts greater mechanical and thermal loads on engine components and materials. In recent years, the material property limits for many components have been reached and further increases in PCP above ~20 MPa have been difficult, while still maintaining the necessary affordability and longevity of on-road HD diesel engines. This paper reviews the historical evolution and major metallurgical advancements of high temperature materials in HD on road diesel engines (10–15 L displacement) up to the current state of the art, focusing on materials in the engine block, cylinder heads, pistons, valves, and exhaust components. These components cover a wide range of material classes, including cast iron, ferritic steel, austenitic steel, titanium alloys, nickel based super-alloys, and high temperature coatings. Finally, the microstructural degradation and failure mechanisms of the materials associated with the complex mechanical and thermal loading during service are discussed and key areas for future materials research are suggested that overcome technical barriers.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1561678

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1560916

Journal Information:: Progress in Materials Science, Journal Name: Progress in Materials Science Journal Issue: C Vol. 103; ISSN 0079-6425

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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