Exposing the inadequacy of redox formalisms by resolving redox inequivalence within isovalent clusters
Abstract
Here we examine a family of trinuclear iron complexes by multiple-wavelength, anomalous diffraction (MAD) to explore the redox load distribution within cluster materials by the free refinement of atomic scattering factors. Several effects were explored that can impact atomic scattering factors within clusters, including 1) metal atom primary coordination sphere, 2) M–M bonding, and 3) redox delocalization in formally mixed-valent species. Complexes were investigated which vary from highly symmetric to fully asymmetric by 57Fe Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction to explore the relationship between MAD-derived data and the data available from these widely used characterization techniques. The compounds examined include the all-ferrous clusters [nBu4N][(tbsL)Fe3(μ3–Cl)] (1) ([tbsL]6– = [1,3,5-C6H9(NC6H4-o-NSitBuMe2)3]6–]), (tbsL)Fe3(py) (2), [K(C222)]2[(tbsL)Fe3(μ3–NPh)] (4) (C222 = 2,2,2-cryptand), and the mixed-valent (tbsL)Fe3(μ3–NPh) (3). Redox delocalization in mixed-valent 3 was explored with cyclic voltammetry (CV), zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography techniques. We find that the MAD results show an excellent correspondence to 57Fe Mössbauer data; yet also can distinguish between subtle changes in local coordination geometries where Mössbauer cannot. Differences within aggregate oxidation levels are evident by systematic shifts of scattering factor envelopes to increasingly higher energies. However, distinguishing local oxidation levels in iso- or mixed-valent materials can be dramatically obscuredmore »
- Authors:
-
- Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Univ. of Chicago, Argonne, IL (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Institutes of Health (NIH); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT); Fundación México; National Science Foundation (NSF); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Dreyfus Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1561318
- Grant/Contract Number:
- GM 098395; SC0008313; SC0019144; NSF/CHE-1346572; AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 116; Journal Issue: 32; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
- Publisher:
- National Academy of Sciences
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- ENGLISH
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; redox distribution; clusters; bioinorganic
Citation Formats
Bartholomew, Amymarie K., Teesdale, Justin J., Hernández Sánchez, Raúl, Malbrecht, Brian J., Juda, Cristin E., Ménard, Gabriel, Bu, Wei, Iovan, Diana A., Mikhailine, Alexandre A., Zheng, Shao-Liang, Sarangi, Ritimukta, Wang, SuYin Grass, Chen, Yu-Sheng, and Betley, Theodore A. Exposing the inadequacy of redox formalisms by resolving redox inequivalence within isovalent clusters. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.1907699116.
Bartholomew, Amymarie K., Teesdale, Justin J., Hernández Sánchez, Raúl, Malbrecht, Brian J., Juda, Cristin E., Ménard, Gabriel, Bu, Wei, Iovan, Diana A., Mikhailine, Alexandre A., Zheng, Shao-Liang, Sarangi, Ritimukta, Wang, SuYin Grass, Chen, Yu-Sheng, & Betley, Theodore A. Exposing the inadequacy of redox formalisms by resolving redox inequivalence within isovalent clusters. United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907699116
Bartholomew, Amymarie K., Teesdale, Justin J., Hernández Sánchez, Raúl, Malbrecht, Brian J., Juda, Cristin E., Ménard, Gabriel, Bu, Wei, Iovan, Diana A., Mikhailine, Alexandre A., Zheng, Shao-Liang, Sarangi, Ritimukta, Wang, SuYin Grass, Chen, Yu-Sheng, and Betley, Theodore A. Fri .
"Exposing the inadequacy of redox formalisms by resolving redox inequivalence within isovalent clusters". United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907699116. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1561318.
@article{osti_1561318,
title = {Exposing the inadequacy of redox formalisms by resolving redox inequivalence within isovalent clusters},
author = {Bartholomew, Amymarie K. and Teesdale, Justin J. and Hernández Sánchez, Raúl and Malbrecht, Brian J. and Juda, Cristin E. and Ménard, Gabriel and Bu, Wei and Iovan, Diana A. and Mikhailine, Alexandre A. and Zheng, Shao-Liang and Sarangi, Ritimukta and Wang, SuYin Grass and Chen, Yu-Sheng and Betley, Theodore A.},
abstractNote = {Here we examine a family of trinuclear iron complexes by multiple-wavelength, anomalous diffraction (MAD) to explore the redox load distribution within cluster materials by the free refinement of atomic scattering factors. Several effects were explored that can impact atomic scattering factors within clusters, including 1) metal atom primary coordination sphere, 2) M–M bonding, and 3) redox delocalization in formally mixed-valent species. Complexes were investigated which vary from highly symmetric to fully asymmetric by 57Fe Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction to explore the relationship between MAD-derived data and the data available from these widely used characterization techniques. The compounds examined include the all-ferrous clusters [nBu4N][(tbsL)Fe3(μ3–Cl)] (1) ([tbsL]6– = [1,3,5-C6H9(NC6H4-o-NSitBuMe2)3]6–]), (tbsL)Fe3(py) (2), [K(C222)]2[(tbsL)Fe3(μ3–NPh)] (4) (C222 = 2,2,2-cryptand), and the mixed-valent (tbsL)Fe3(μ3–NPh) (3). Redox delocalization in mixed-valent 3 was explored with cyclic voltammetry (CV), zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography techniques. We find that the MAD results show an excellent correspondence to 57Fe Mössbauer data; yet also can distinguish between subtle changes in local coordination geometries where Mössbauer cannot. Differences within aggregate oxidation levels are evident by systematic shifts of scattering factor envelopes to increasingly higher energies. However, distinguishing local oxidation levels in iso- or mixed-valent materials can be dramatically obscured by the degree of covalent intracore bonding. MAD-derived atomic scattering factor data emphasize in-edge features that are often difficult to analyze by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Thus, relative oxidation levels within the cluster were most reliably ascertained from comparing the entire envelope of the atomic scattering factor data.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1907699116},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 32,
volume = 116,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Fri Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Web of Science
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