Finding the Remnants of the Milky Way's Last Neutron Star Mergers
Abstract
The discovery of a binary neutron star merger (NSM) through both its gravitational wave and electromagnetic emission has revealed these events to be key sites of $r$-process nucleosynthesis. Here, we evaluate the prospects of finding the remnants of Galactic NSMs by detecting the gamma-ray decay lines from their radioactive $r$-process ejecta. We find that 126Sn, which has several lines in the energy range 415-695 keV and resides close to the second $r$-process peak, is the most promising isotope, because of its half-life $$t_{1/2}$$ = 2:30(14) 105 yr being comparable to the ages of recent NSMs. Using a Monte Carlo procedure, we predict that multiple remnants are detectable as individual sources by next-generation $$\gamma$$-ray telescopes which achieve sub-MeV line sensitivities of ~18-8-10-6$$\gamma$$ cm-2 s-1. However, given the unknown locations of the remnants, the most promising search strategy is a systematic survey of the Galactic plane and bulge extending to high Galactic latitudes. Individual known supernova remnants which may be mis-classi ed NSM remnants could also be targeted, especially those located outside the Galactic plane. Detection of a moderate sample of Galactic NSM remnants would provide important clues to unresolved issues such as the production of actinides in NSMs, properties of merging NS binaries, and even help distinguish them from rare supernovae as current Galactic $r-$process sources. We also investigate the diffuse flux from longer-lived nuclei (e.g. 182Hf) that could in principle trace the Galactic spatial distribution of NSMs over longer timescales, but find that the detection of the diffuse flux appears challenging even with next-generation telescopes.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[4];
[5];
[3];
- Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan). Inst. of Physics, and Inst. of Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (China). Dept. of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy; Indian Inst. of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala (India). Dept. of Physics
- Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Columbia Astrophysics Lab., and Dept. of Physics
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt (Germany); Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt (Germany). Inst. fur Kernphysik (Theoriezentrum)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1560650
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 107-2119-M-001-038; 11533006; NNX16AB30G; 279384907; SFB 1245; AC02-76SF00515; NNG08FD60C; PF7-180162; PHY-1404209
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 880; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Wu, Meng-Ru, Banerjee, Projjwal, Metzger, Brian D., Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Burns, Eric, Hailey, Charles J., Barnes, Jennifer, and Karagiorgi, Georgia. Finding the Remnants of the Milky Way's Last Neutron Star Mergers. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2593.
Wu, Meng-Ru, Banerjee, Projjwal, Metzger, Brian D., Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Burns, Eric, Hailey, Charles J., Barnes, Jennifer, & Karagiorgi, Georgia. Finding the Remnants of the Milky Way's Last Neutron Star Mergers. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2593
Wu, Meng-Ru, Banerjee, Projjwal, Metzger, Brian D., Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Burns, Eric, Hailey, Charles J., Barnes, Jennifer, and Karagiorgi, Georgia. Fri .
"Finding the Remnants of the Milky Way's Last Neutron Star Mergers". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2593. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1560650.
@article{osti_1560650,
title = {Finding the Remnants of the Milky Way's Last Neutron Star Mergers},
author = {Wu, Meng-Ru and Banerjee, Projjwal and Metzger, Brian D. and Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel and Aramaki, Tsuguo and Burns, Eric and Hailey, Charles J. and Barnes, Jennifer and Karagiorgi, Georgia},
abstractNote = {The discovery of a binary neutron star merger (NSM) through both its gravitational wave and electromagnetic emission has revealed these events to be key sites of $r$-process nucleosynthesis. Here, we evaluate the prospects of finding the remnants of Galactic NSMs by detecting the gamma-ray decay lines from their radioactive $r$-process ejecta. We find that 126Sn, which has several lines in the energy range 415-695 keV and resides close to the second $r$-process peak, is the most promising isotope, because of its half-life $t_{1/2}$ = 2:30(14) 105 yr being comparable to the ages of recent NSMs. Using a Monte Carlo procedure, we predict that multiple remnants are detectable as individual sources by next-generation $\gamma$-ray telescopes which achieve sub-MeV line sensitivities of ~18-8-10-6$\gamma$ cm-2 s-1. However, given the unknown locations of the remnants, the most promising search strategy is a systematic survey of the Galactic plane and bulge extending to high Galactic latitudes. Individual known supernova remnants which may be mis-classi ed NSM remnants could also be targeted, especially those located outside the Galactic plane. Detection of a moderate sample of Galactic NSM remnants would provide important clues to unresolved issues such as the production of actinides in NSMs, properties of merging NS binaries, and even help distinguish them from rare supernovae as current Galactic $r-$process sources. We also investigate the diffuse flux from longer-lived nuclei (e.g. 182Hf) that could in principle trace the Galactic spatial distribution of NSMs over longer timescales, but find that the detection of the diffuse flux appears challenging even with next-generation telescopes.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab2593},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 880,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {7}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: Probability distribution of distances, vertical heights (as measured out of the Galactic plane), and ISM mixing time tmix for a simulated population of Galactic NSM remnants. Results are shown separately for Model I [panels (a)–(c)] and Model II [panels (d)–(f)] for the physical offset of NSMs from themore »
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GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral
text, January 2017
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- American Physical Society
Binary and Millisecond Pulsars
journal, September 1998
- Lorimer, D. R.
- Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 1, Issue 1
The history ofr-process enrichment in the milky way
text, January 2015
- Shen, Sijing; Cooke, Ryan J.; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
- IOP Publishing
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
text, January 2017
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- Karlsruhe
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
other, January 2017
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- College Park : American Physical Society
The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars
text, January 2017
- Tanvir, Nr; Levan, Aj; González-Fernández, C.
- Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Works referencing / citing this record:
G4.8+6.2, a possible kilonova remnant?
journal, September 2019
- Liu, Yu; Zou, Yuan-Chuan; Jiang, Bing
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 490, Issue 1
Gamma Rays from Kilonova: A Potential Probe of r -process Nucleosynthesis
journal, February 2020
- Korobkin, Oleg; Hungerford, Aimee M.; Fryer, Christopher L.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.