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Title: X-ray spectroscopy of current-induced spin-orbit torques and spin accumulation in Pt / 3 d -transition-metal bilayers

Abstract

An electric current flowing in Pt, a material with strong spin-orbit coupling, leads to spins accumulating at the interfaces by virtue of the spin Hall effect and interfacial charge-spin conversion. We measure the influence of these interfacial magnetic moments onto adjacent 3$$d$$ transition-metal layers by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in a quantitative and element-selective way, with sensitivity below 10-5$$_{μB}$$ per atom. In Pt(6 nm)/Co(2.5 nm), the accumulated spins cause a deviation of the Co magnetization direction, which corresponds to an effective spin Hall angle of 0.08. The spin and orbital magnetic moments of Co are affected in equal proportion by the absorption of the spin current, showing that the transfer of orbital momentum from the recently predicted orbital Hall effect is either below our detection limit, or not directed to the 3$$d$$ states of Co. For Pt/NM (NM = Ti, Cr, Cu), we find upper limits for the amount of injected spins corresponding to about 3 × 10-6$$_{μB}$$ per atom.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [1];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. ETH Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland). Dept. of Materials
  2. ETH Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland). Lab. for Solid State Physic
  3. ETH Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland). Lab. for Solid State Physics
  4. Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen (Switzerland)
  5. ETH Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland). Dept. of Materials; ETH Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland). Lab. for Solid State Physics
  6. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1560638
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; 200021-153404; 200020-172775
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review. B
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 100; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats

Stamm, C., Murer, C., Acremann, Y., Baumgartner, M., Gort, R., Däster, S., Kleibert, A., Garello, K., Feng, J., Gabureac, M., Chen, Z., Stöhr, J., and Gambardella, P. X-ray spectroscopy of current-induced spin-orbit torques and spin accumulation in Pt/3d -transition-metal bilayers. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1103/physrevb.100.024426.
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Stamm, C., Murer, C., Acremann, Y., Baumgartner, M., Gort, R., Däster, S., Kleibert, A., Garello, K., Feng, J., Gabureac, M., Chen, Z., Stöhr, J., & Gambardella, P. X-ray spectroscopy of current-induced spin-orbit torques and spin accumulation in Pt/3d -transition-metal bilayers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.024426
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Stamm, C., Murer, C., Acremann, Y., Baumgartner, M., Gort, R., Däster, S., Kleibert, A., Garello, K., Feng, J., Gabureac, M., Chen, Z., Stöhr, J., and Gambardella, P. Mon . "X-ray spectroscopy of current-induced spin-orbit torques and spin accumulation in Pt/3d -transition-metal bilayers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.024426. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1560638.
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@article{osti_1560638,
title = {X-ray spectroscopy of current-induced spin-orbit torques and spin accumulation in Pt/3d -transition-metal bilayers},
author = {Stamm, C. and Murer, C. and Acremann, Y. and Baumgartner, M. and Gort, R. and Däster, S. and Kleibert, A. and Garello, K. and Feng, J. and Gabureac, M. and Chen, Z. and Stöhr, J. and Gambardella, P.},
abstractNote = {An electric current flowing in Pt, a material with strong spin-orbit coupling, leads to spins accumulating at the interfaces by virtue of the spin Hall effect and interfacial charge-spin conversion. We measure the influence of these interfacial magnetic moments onto adjacent 3$d$ transition-metal layers by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in a quantitative and element-selective way, with sensitivity below 10-5$_{μB}$ per atom. In Pt(6 nm)/Co(2.5 nm), the accumulated spins cause a deviation of the Co magnetization direction, which corresponds to an effective spin Hall angle of 0.08. The spin and orbital magnetic moments of Co are affected in equal proportion by the absorption of the spin current, showing that the transfer of orbital momentum from the recently predicted orbital Hall effect is either below our detection limit, or not directed to the 3$d$ states of Co. For Pt/NM (NM = Ti, Cr, Cu), we find upper limits for the amount of injected spins corresponding to about 3 × 10-6$_{μB}$ per atom.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevb.100.024426},
journal = {Physical Review. B},
number = 2,
volume = 100,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.024426
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Cited by: 10 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: Schematic drawing of the x-ray transmission setup: it comprises the sample, an in-vacuum photodiode, amplifier, low/high pass filter, ADC, and lock-in amplifier. A sine wave drives the current source, which generates the current that is passed through the sample, monitored by a second lock-in and oscilloscope.
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