Naturalness versus stringy naturalness with implications for collider and dark matter searches

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Salam, Shadman

doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.023001

Title: Naturalness versus stringy naturalness with implications for collider and dark matter searches

Abstract

The notion of stringy naturalness-- that an observable $O$₂ is more natural than $O$₁₂ if more (phenomenologically acceptable) vacua solutions lead to $O$₂ rather than $O$₁-- is examined within the context of the Standard Model (SM) and various SUSY extensions: CMSSM/mSUGRA, high-scale SUSY and radiatively-driven natural SUSY (RNS). Rather general arguments from string theory suggest a (possibly mild) statistical draw towards vacua with large soft SUSY breaking terms. These vacua must be tempered by an anthropic veto of non-standard vacua or vacua with too large a value of the weak scale m_weak. We argue that the SM, the CMSSM and the various high-scale SUSY models are all expected to be relatively rare occurances within the string theory landscape of vacua. In contrast, models with TeV-scale soft terms but with m_weak~100 GeV and consequent light higgsinos (SUSY with radiatively-driven naturalness) should be much more common on the landscape. These latter models have a statistical preference for m_h~ 125 GeV and strongly interacting sparticles beyond current LHC reach. Thus, while conventional naturalness favors sparticles close to the weak scale, stringy naturalness favors sparticles so heavy that electroweak symmetry is barely broken and one is living dangerously close to vacua with charge-or-color breakingmore »« less

Authors:

; Barger, Vernon; Salam, Shadman

Publication Date:: 2019-09-03

Research Org.:: Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1560296

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1600542

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1906.07741
Journal ID: ISSN 2643-1564; PPRHAI; 023001

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009956

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review Research

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review Research Journal Volume: 1 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2643-1564

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; supersymmetry; string theory; LHC

Citation Formats


                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, and Salam, Shadman. Naturalness versus stringy naturalness with implications for collider and dark matter searches.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.023001.

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                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, & Salam, Shadman. Naturalness versus stringy naturalness with implications for collider and dark matter searches.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.023001

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                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, and Salam, Shadman. Tue .  
"Naturalness versus stringy naturalness with implications for collider and dark matter searches".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.023001.

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@article{osti_1560296,

  title        = {Naturalness versus stringy naturalness with implications for collider and dark matter searches},

  author       = {Baer, Howard and Barger, Vernon and Salam, Shadman},

  abstractNote = {The notion of stringy naturalness-- that an observable $O$2 is more natural than $O$12 if more (phenomenologically acceptable) vacua solutions lead to $O$2 rather than $O$1-- is examined within the context of the Standard Model (SM) and various SUSY extensions: CMSSM/mSUGRA, high-scale SUSY and radiatively-driven natural SUSY (RNS). Rather general arguments from string theory suggest a (possibly mild) statistical draw towards vacua with large soft SUSY breaking terms. These vacua must be tempered by an anthropic veto of non-standard vacua or vacua with too large a value of the weak scale mweak. We argue that the SM, the CMSSM and the various high-scale SUSY models are all expected to be relatively rare occurances within the string theory landscape of vacua. In contrast, models with TeV-scale soft terms but with mweak~100 GeV and consequent light higgsinos (SUSY with radiatively-driven naturalness) should be much more common on the landscape. These latter models have a statistical preference for mh~ 125 GeV and strongly interacting sparticles beyond current LHC reach. Thus, while conventional naturalness favors sparticles close to the weak scale, stringy naturalness favors sparticles so heavy that electroweak symmetry is barely broken and one is living dangerously close to vacua with charge-or-color breaking minima, no electroweak breaking or pocket universe weak scale values too far from our measured value. Expectations for how landscape SUSY would manifest itself at collider and dark matter search experiments are then modified compared to usual notions.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.023001},

  journal      = {Physical Review Research},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 1,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {9}

}

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DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.161802

SUSY models under siege: LHC constraints and electroweak fine-tuning
journal, June 2014

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Mickelson, Dan
Physical Review D, Vol. 89, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.115019

Spread Supersymmetry with $ \widetilde{W} $ LSP: gluino and dark matter signals
journal, January 2013

Hall, Lawrence J.; Nomura, Yasunori; Shirai, Satoshi
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP01(2013)036

High-scale supersymmetry, the Higgs boson mass, and gauge unification
journal, September 2017

Ellis, Sebastian A. R.; Wells, James D.
Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.96.055024

A mini-landscape of exact MSSM spectra in heterotic orbifolds
journal, February 2007

Lebedev, Oleg; Nilles, Hans Peter; Raby, Stuart
Physics Letters B, Vol. 645, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.12.012

Implications of a 125 GeV Higgs scalar for the LHC supersymmetry and neutralino dark matter searches
journal, April 2012

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Mustafayev, Azar
Physical Review D, Vol. 85, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.85.075010

Mini-Split
journal, February 2013

Arvanitaki, Asimina; Craig, Nathaniel; Dimopoulos, Savas
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP02(2013)126

Counting Flux Vacua
journal, January 2004

Ashok, Sujay K.; Douglas, Michael R.
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2004, Issue 01
DOI: 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/01/060

Same-Sign Diboson Signature from Supersymmetry Models with Light Higgsinos at the LHC
journal, April 2013

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Huang, Peisi
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.151801

θ ₁₃ and the Higgs Mass from High Scale Supersymmetry
journal, April 2013

Liu, Chun; Zhao, Zhen-Hua
Communications in Theoretical Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1088/0253-6102/59/4/14

Gluino decay as a probe of high scale supersymmetry breaking
journal, November 2012

Sato, Ryosuke; Shirai, Satoshi; Tobioka, Kohsaku
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2012)041

About the fine-tuning price of LEP
journal, August 1998

Barbieri, Riccardo; Strumia, Alessandro
Physics Letters B, Vol. 433, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00577-2

The MSSM parameter space with non-universal Higgs masses
journal, July 2002

Ellis, John; Olive, Keith A.; Santoso, Yudi
Physics Letters B, Vol. 539, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02071-3

Heterotic mini-landscape (II): Completing the search for MSSM vacua in a <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> orbifold
journal, October 2008

Lebedev, Oleg; Nilles, Hans Peter; Ramos-Sánchez, Saúl
Physics Letters B, Vol. 668, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.08.054

Works referencing / citing this record:

ILC as a natural SUSY discovery machine and precision microscope: From light Higgsinos to tests of unification
journal, May 2020

Baer, Howard; Berggren, Mikael; Fujii, Keisuke
Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.095026

Landscape solution to the SUSY flavor and $C P$ problems
journal, December 2019

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree
Physical Review Research, Vol. 1, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.1.033179

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Radiative natural supersymmetry emergent from the string landscape

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In string theory with flux compactifications, anthropic selection for structure formation from a discretuum of vacuum energy values provides at present our only understanding of the tiny yet positive value of the cosmological constant. We apply similar reasoning to a toy model of the multiverse restricted to vacua with the MSSM as the low energy effective theory. Here, one expects a statistical selection favoring large soft SUSY breaking terms leading to a derived value of the weak scale in each pocket universe (with appropriate electroweak symmetry breaking) which differs from the weak scale as measured in our universe. In contrast, the SUSY preserving μ parameter is selected uniformly on a log scale as is consistent with the distribution of SM fermion masses: this favors smaller values of μ. An anthropic selection of the weak scale to within a factor of a few of our measured value — in order to produce complex nuclei as we know them (atomic principle) — provides statistical predictions for Higgs and sparticle masses in accord with LHC measurements. The statistical selection then more often leads to (radiatively-driven) natural SUSY models over the Standard Model or finely-tuned SUSY models such as mSUGRA/CMSSM, split, mini-split, spread, high scale or PeV SUSY. The predicted Higgs and superparticle spectra might be testable at HL-LHC or ILC via higgsino pair production but is certainly testable at higher energy hadron colliders withmore » $$ \sqrt{s}$$ ~ 30–100 TeV.« less
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Title: Naturalness versus stringy naturalness with implications for collider and dark matter searches

Abstract

Citation Formats

Multichannel assault on natural supersymmetry at the high luminosity LHC journal, August 2016

Implications of non-universality of soft terms in supersyrnmetric grand unified theories journal, February 1995

On the tuning condition of split supersymmetry journal, October 2005

Observables in Low-Energy Superstring Models journal, April 1986

Prospects for axion detection in natural SUSY with mixed axion-higgsino dark matter: back to invisible? journal, June 2017

The Higgs mass and natural supersymmetric spectrum from the landscape journal, July 2016

Higgs Boson theory and phenomenology journal, January 2003

Naturalness implies intra-generational degeneracy for decoupled squarks and sleptons journal, February 2014

Revisiting the SUSY μ problem and its solutions in the LHC era journal, June 2019

Supersymmetric particle spectrum journal, May 1994

Multi-TeV Scalars are Natural in Minimal Supergravity journal, March 2000

A supersymmetry model of leptons journal, March 2005

Upper bounds on supersymmetric particle masses journal, August 1988

LHC SUSY and WIMP dark matter searches confront the string theory landscape journal, April 2019

Electroweak symmetry breaking with non-universal scalar soft terms and large tan β solutions journal, January 1995

On the Veltman condition, the hierarchy problem, and high-scale supersymmetry journal, November 2013

Supersymmetry, naturalness and light higgsinos journal, May 2014

Axino abundances in high-scale supersymmetry journal, December 2018

Supersymmetric Standard Model from the Heterotic String journal, March 2006

Gauge hierarchy in a supersymmetric model journal, February 1982

Grand unification in high-scale supersymmetry journal, June 2013

Direct and indirect detection of higgsino-like WIMPs: Concluding the story of electroweak naturalness journal, October 2013

Direct, indirect and collider detection of neutralino dark matter in SUSY models with non-universal Higgs masses journal, July 2005

Inflation and high-scale supersymmetry with an EeV gravitino journal, December 2017

Viable range of the mass scale of the standard model journal, May 1998

Probing High-Scale and Split Supersymmetry with Higgs mass measurements journal, May 2012

Weak Scale Supersymmetry book, January 2006

Living dangerously with low-energy supersymmetry journal, November 2006

The soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian: theory and applications journal, February 2005

Monojet plus soft dilepton signal from light higgsino pair production at LHC14 journal, December 2014

Naturalness, weak scale supersymmetry, and the prospect for the observation of supersymmetry at the Fermilab Tevatron and at the CERN LHC journal, September 1998

Dark Matter Results from 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment journal, October 2017

Limits on R -parity violation in high-scale supersymmetry journal, August 2019

Tunneling Through Black Rings journal, May 2007

Radiative natural supersymmetry: Reconciling electroweak fine-tuning and the Higgs boson mass journal, June 2013

A review of Higgs mass calculations in supersymmetric models journal, March 2016

Dynamics of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the Weinberg-Salam theory journal, November 1979

How conventional measures overestimate electroweak fine-tuning in supersymmetric theory journal, November 2013

Direct search of dark matter in high-scale supersymmetry journal, February 2013

Is SUSY natural? journal, August 2008

Geography of fields in extra dimensions: String theory lessons for particle physics journal, March 2015

Basic results in vacuum statistics journal, November 2004

Challenging weak-scale supersymmetry at colliders journal, March 1996

Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 36 fb − 1 of s = 13 TeV p p collision data with the ATLAS detector journal, June 2018

Gravity safe, electroweak natural axionic solution to strong CP and SUSY μ problems journal, March 2019

Upper bounds on sparticle masses from naturalness or how to disprove weak scale supersymmetry journal, February 2016

Natural SUSY endures journal, September 2012

Naturalness constraints in supersymmetric theories with non-universal soft terms journal, September 1995

Aspects of the same-sign diboson signature from wino pair production with light higgsinos at the high luminosity LHC journal, February 2018

Distributions of flux vacua journal, May 2004

LHC luminosity and energy upgrades confront natural supersymmetry models journal, October 2018

Supersymmetry versus gauge symmetry on the heterotic landscape journal, June 2007

SUSY under siege from direct and indirect WIMP detection experiments journal, December 2016

What hadron collider is required to discover or falsify natural supersymmetry? journal, November 2017

SUSY, the Third Generation and the LHC journal, March 2012

A New Light Boson? journal, January 1978

PeV-scale supersymmetry journal, January 2005

Anthropic Bound on the Cosmological Constant journal, November 1987

Physics at a Higgsino factory journal, June 2014

Bayesian analysis and naturalness of (Next-to-)Minimal Supersymmetric Models journal, October 2017

The μ-problem and the strong CP-problem journal, April 1984

Hidden SUSY at the LHC: the light higgsino-world scenario and the role of a lepton collider journal, November 2011

Erratum to: “Split supersymmetry” [Nucl. Phys. B 699 (2004) 65] journal, January 2005

Gluino reach and mass extraction at the LHC in radiatively-driven natural SUSY journal, July 2017

Study of constrained minimal supersymmetry journal, June 1994

Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons journal, January 1978

Higgsino dark matter in high-scale supersymmetry journal, January 2015

Supergravity gauge theories strike back: there is no crisis for SUSY but a new collider may be required for discovery journal, April 2015

New weak-scale physics from SO(10) with high-scale supersymmetry journal, September 2018

Supersymmetric Standard Model from the heterotic string (II) journal, November 2007

Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure journal, January 2017

Supersymmetric grand unified theories: Two-loop evolution of gauge and Yukawa couplings journal, February 1993

Nonuniversal soft supersymmetry breaking and dark matter journal, September 1997

Non-canonical gauge coupling unification in high-scale supersymmetry breaking journal, October 2005

Constraints imposed by CP conservation in the presence of pseudoparticles journal, September 1977

Bayesian naturalness of the CMSSM and CNMSSM journal, September 2014

Axion models with high-scale supersymmetry breaking journal, January 2005

Multichannel assault on natural supersymmetry at the high luminosity LHC
journal, August 2016

Implications of non-universality of soft terms in supersyrnmetric grand unified theories
journal, February 1995

On the tuning condition of split supersymmetry
journal, October 2005

Observables in Low-Energy Superstring Models
journal, April 1986

Prospects for axion detection in natural SUSY with mixed axion-higgsino dark matter: back to invisible?
journal, June 2017

The Higgs mass and natural supersymmetric spectrum from the landscape
journal, July 2016

Higgs Boson theory and phenomenology
journal, January 2003

Naturalness implies intra-generational degeneracy for decoupled squarks and sleptons
journal, February 2014

Revisiting the SUSY $μ$ problem and its solutions in the LHC era
journal, June 2019

Supersymmetric particle spectrum
journal, May 1994

Multi-TeV Scalars are Natural in Minimal Supergravity
journal, March 2000

A supersymmetry model of leptons
journal, March 2005

Upper bounds on supersymmetric particle masses
journal, August 1988

LHC SUSY and WIMP dark matter searches confront the string theory landscape
journal, April 2019

Electroweak symmetry breaking with non-universal scalar soft terms and large tan β solutions
journal, January 1995

On the Veltman condition, the hierarchy problem, and high-scale supersymmetry
journal, November 2013

Supersymmetry, naturalness and light higgsinos
journal, May 2014

Axino abundances in high-scale supersymmetry
journal, December 2018

Supersymmetric Standard Model from the Heterotic String
journal, March 2006

Gauge hierarchy in a supersymmetric model
journal, February 1982

Grand unification in high-scale supersymmetry
journal, June 2013

Direct and indirect detection of higgsino-like WIMPs: Concluding the story of electroweak naturalness
journal, October 2013

Direct, indirect and collider detection of neutralino dark matter in SUSY models with non-universal Higgs masses
journal, July 2005

Inflation and high-scale supersymmetry with an EeV gravitino
journal, December 2017

Viable range of the mass scale of the standard model
journal, May 1998

Probing High-Scale and Split Supersymmetry with Higgs mass measurements
journal, May 2012

Weak Scale Supersymmetry
book, January 2006

Living dangerously with low-energy supersymmetry
journal, November 2006

The soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian: theory and applications
journal, February 2005

Monojet plus soft dilepton signal from light higgsino pair production at LHC14
journal, December 2014

Naturalness, weak scale supersymmetry, and the prospect for the observation of supersymmetry at the Fermilab Tevatron and at the CERN LHC
journal, September 1998

Dark Matter Results from 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment
journal, October 2017

Limits on $R$ -parity violation in high-scale supersymmetry
journal, August 2019

Tunneling Through Black Rings
journal, May 2007

Radiative natural supersymmetry: Reconciling electroweak fine-tuning and the Higgs boson mass
journal, June 2013

A review of Higgs mass calculations in supersymmetric models
journal, March 2016

Dynamics of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the Weinberg-Salam theory
journal, November 1979

How conventional measures overestimate electroweak fine-tuning in supersymmetric theory
journal, November 2013

Direct search of dark matter in high-scale supersymmetry
journal, February 2013

Is SUSY natural?
journal, August 2008

Geography of fields in extra dimensions: String theory lessons for particle physics
journal, March 2015

Basic results in vacuum statistics
journal, November 2004

Challenging weak-scale supersymmetry at colliders
journal, March 1996

Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using $36 {fb}^{- 1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ $p p$ collision data with the ATLAS detector
journal, June 2018

Gravity safe, electroweak natural axionic solution to strong CP and SUSY μ problems
journal, March 2019

Upper bounds on sparticle masses from naturalness or how to disprove weak scale supersymmetry
journal, February 2016

Natural SUSY endures
journal, September 2012

Naturalness constraints in supersymmetric theories with non-universal soft terms
journal, September 1995

Aspects of the same-sign diboson signature from wino pair production with light higgsinos at the high luminosity LHC
journal, February 2018

Distributions of flux vacua
journal, May 2004

LHC luminosity and energy upgrades confront natural supersymmetry models
journal, October 2018

Supersymmetry versus gauge symmetry on the heterotic landscape
journal, June 2007

SUSY under siege from direct and indirect WIMP detection experiments
journal, December 2016

What hadron collider is required to discover or falsify natural supersymmetry?
journal, November 2017

SUSY, the Third Generation and the LHC
journal, March 2012

A New Light Boson?
journal, January 1978

PeV-scale supersymmetry
journal, January 2005

Anthropic Bound on the Cosmological Constant
journal, November 1987

Physics at a Higgsino factory
journal, June 2014

Bayesian analysis and naturalness of (Next-to-)Minimal Supersymmetric Models
journal, October 2017

The μ-problem and the strong CP-problem
journal, April 1984

Hidden SUSY at the LHC: the light higgsino-world scenario and the role of a lepton collider
journal, November 2011

Erratum to: “Split supersymmetry” [Nucl. Phys. B 699 (2004) 65]
journal, January 2005

Gluino reach and mass extraction at the LHC in radiatively-driven natural SUSY
journal, July 2017

Study of constrained minimal supersymmetry
journal, June 1994

Problem of Strong $P$ and $T$ Invariance in the Presence of Instantons
journal, January 1978

Higgsino dark matter in high-scale supersymmetry
journal, January 2015

Supergravity gauge theories strike back: there is no crisis for SUSY but a new collider may be required for discovery
journal, April 2015

New weak-scale physics from SO(10) with high-scale supersymmetry
journal, September 2018

Supersymmetric Standard Model from the heterotic string (II)
journal, November 2007

Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure
journal, January 2017

Supersymmetric grand unified theories: Two-loop evolution of gauge and Yukawa couplings
journal, February 1993

Nonuniversal soft supersymmetry breaking and dark matter
journal, September 1997

Non-canonical gauge coupling unification in high-scale supersymmetry breaking
journal, October 2005

Constraints imposed by $CP$ conservation in the presence of pseudoparticles
journal, September 1977

Bayesian naturalness of the CMSSM and CNMSSM
journal, September 2014

Axion models with high-scale supersymmetry breaking
journal, January 2005

$CP$ Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles
journal, June 1977

Supersymmetric unification without low energy supersymmetry and signatures for fine-tuning at the LHC
journal, June 2005

Focus points and naturalness in supersymmetry
journal, March 2000