Using Radar Data to Calibrate a Stochastic Parametrization of Organized Convection
Abstract
Stochastic parameterizations are increasingly becoming skillful in representing unresolved atmospheric processes for global climate models. The stochastic multicloud model, used to simulate the life cycle of the three most common cloud types (cumulus congestus, deep convective, and stratiform) in tropical convective systems, is one example. In this model, these clouds interact with each other and with their environment according to intuitive-probabilistic rules determined by a set of predictors, depending on the large-scale atmospheric state and a set of transition time scale parameters. Here we use a Bayesian statistical method to infer these parameters from radar data. The Bayesian approach is applied to precipitation data collected by the Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar truck-mounted C-band radar located in the Maldives archipelago, while the corresponding large-scale predictors were derived from meteorological soundings taken during the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation field campaign. The transition time scales were inferred from three different phases of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (suppressed, initiation, and active) and compared with previous studies. The performance of the stochastic multicloud model is also assessed, in a stand-alone mode, where the cloud model is forced directly by the observed predictors without feedback into the environmental variables. The results showed amore »
- Authors:
-
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada, Now at Mathematics and StatisticsMemorial University of Newfoundland St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesTexas A&,M University College Station TX USA
- Environment and Climate Change Canada Dorval Quebec Canada
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1560156
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1560161; OSTI ID: 1612445
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0016245
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Journal Volume: 11 Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1942-2466
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; convective parameterization; clouds; Bayesian inference; radar data; stochastic multicloud model; tropical convection
Citation Formats
Cardoso‐Bihlo, E., Khouider, B., Schumacher, C., and De La Chevrotière, M. Using Radar Data to Calibrate a Stochastic Parametrization of Organized Convection. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1029/2018MS001537.
Cardoso‐Bihlo, E., Khouider, B., Schumacher, C., & De La Chevrotière, M. Using Radar Data to Calibrate a Stochastic Parametrization of Organized Convection. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001537
Cardoso‐Bihlo, E., Khouider, B., Schumacher, C., and De La Chevrotière, M. Wed .
"Using Radar Data to Calibrate a Stochastic Parametrization of Organized Convection". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001537.
@article{osti_1560156,
title = {Using Radar Data to Calibrate a Stochastic Parametrization of Organized Convection},
author = {Cardoso‐Bihlo, E. and Khouider, B. and Schumacher, C. and De La Chevrotière, M.},
abstractNote = {Stochastic parameterizations are increasingly becoming skillful in representing unresolved atmospheric processes for global climate models. The stochastic multicloud model, used to simulate the life cycle of the three most common cloud types (cumulus congestus, deep convective, and stratiform) in tropical convective systems, is one example. In this model, these clouds interact with each other and with their environment according to intuitive-probabilistic rules determined by a set of predictors, depending on the large-scale atmospheric state and a set of transition time scale parameters. Here we use a Bayesian statistical method to infer these parameters from radar data. The Bayesian approach is applied to precipitation data collected by the Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar truck-mounted C-band radar located in the Maldives archipelago, while the corresponding large-scale predictors were derived from meteorological soundings taken during the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation field campaign. The transition time scales were inferred from three different phases of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (suppressed, initiation, and active) and compared with previous studies. The performance of the stochastic multicloud model is also assessed, in a stand-alone mode, where the cloud model is forced directly by the observed predictors without feedback into the environmental variables. The results showed a wide spread in the inferred parameter values due in part to the lack of the desired sensitivity of the model to the predictors and the shortness of the training periods that did not include both active and suppressed convection phases simultaneously. Nonetheless, the resemblance of the stand-alone simulated cloud fraction time series to the radar data is encouraging.},
doi = {10.1029/2018MS001537},
journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems},
number = 6,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {6}
}
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001537
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Could Machine Learning Break the Convection Parameterization Deadlock?
journal, June 2018
- Gentine, P.; Pritchard, M.; Rasp, S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 11
The Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation: Relationship between Northward and Eastward Movement of Convection
journal, May 2002
- Lawrence, David M.; Webster, Peter J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 59, Issue 9
Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models
journal, January 2005
- Bony, Sandrine
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 20
How important is tropospheric humidity for coastal rainfall in the tropics?: HUMIDITY-RAIN RELATIONSHIP NEAR COASTS
journal, June 2016
- Bergemann, Martin; Jakob, Christian
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 11
Implementation and calibration of a stochastic multicloud convective parameterization in the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2): IMPLEMENTATION OF SMCM IN CFSv2 TUNING
journal, July 2017
- Goswami, B. B.; Khouider, B.; Phani, R.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Stochastic Behavior of Tropical Convection in Observations and a Multicloud Model
journal, November 2013
- Peters, Karsten; Jakob, Christian; Davies, Laura
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 70, Issue 11
A One-Dimensional Entraining/Detraining Plume Model and Its Application in Convective Parameterization
journal, December 1990
- Kain, John S.; Fritsch, J. Michael
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 47, Issue 23
Vertical-Mode Decompositions of 2-Day Waves and the Madden–Julian Oscillation
journal, March 2008
- Haertel, Patrick T.; Kiladis, George N.; Denno, Andrew
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 3
Tropical anvil clouds and climate sensitivity
journal, August 2016
- Hartmann, Dennis L.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 32
Constructing a Merged Cloud–Precipitation Radar Dataset for Tropical Convective Clouds during the DYNAMO/AMIE Experiment at Addu Atoll
journal, May 2014
- Feng, Zhe; McFarlane, Sally A.; Schumacher, Courtney
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 5
The diurnal cycle of tropical convection
journal, January 1993
- Hendon, Harry H.; Woodberry, Karen
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 98, Issue D9
Effect of Stratiform Heating on the Planetary-Scale Organization of Tropical Convection
journal, January 2016
- Deng, Qiang; Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 73, Issue 1
Improved Tropical Modes of Variability in the NCEP Climate Forecast System (Version 2) via a Stochastic Multicloud Model
journal, October 2017
- Goswami, B. B.; Khouider, B.; Phani, R.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 74, Issue 10
Large-Scale Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions during the 2011–12 DYNAMO Field Campaign
journal, December 2013
- Gottschalck, Jon; Roundy, Paul E.; Schreck III, Carl J.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 141, Issue 12
Observed Characteristics of the MJO Relative to Maximum Rainfall
journal, July 2007
- Benedict, James J.; Randall, David A.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 64, Issue 7
Cloud Feedbacks in the Climate System: A Critical Review
journal, January 2005
- Stephens, Graeme L.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Preconditioning Deep Convection with Cumulus Congestus
journal, February 2013
- Hohenegger, Cathy; Stevens, Bjorn
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 70, Issue 2
Mechanisms of Low Cloud–Climate Feedback in Idealized Single-Column Simulations with the Community Atmospheric Model, Version 3 (CAM3)
journal, September 2008
- Zhang, Minghua; Bretherton, Christopher
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 21, Issue 18
A coarse grained stochastic multi-type particle interacting model for tropical convection: Nearest neighbour interactions
journal, January 2014
- Khouider, Boualem
- Communications in Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 12, Issue 8
Computing and Partitioning Cloud Feedbacks Using Cloud Property Histograms. Part II: Attribution to Changes in Cloud Amount, Altitude, and Optical Depth
journal, June 2012
- Zelinka, Mark D.; Klein, Stephen A.; Hartmann, Dennis L.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 11
Processes Responsible for Cloud Feedback
journal, October 2016
- Gettelman, A.; Sherwood, S. C.
- Current Climate Change Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 4
A nonlinear dynamical perspective on model error: A proposal for non-local stochastic-dynamic parametrization in weather and climate prediction models
journal, January 2001
- Palmer, T. N.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 127, Issue 572
TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean—Atmosphere Response Experiment
journal, September 1992
- Webster, Peter J.; Lukas, Roger
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 73, Issue 9
A stochastic multicloud model for tropical convection
journal, January 2010
- Biello, Joseph; Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Communications in Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 1
The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves?
journal, December 2006
- Mapes, Brian; Tulich, Stefan; Lin, Jialin
- Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, Vol. 42, Issue 1-4
Coastal Tropical Convection in a Stochastic Modeling Framework: PARAMETRIZATION OF COASTAL CONVECTION
journal, November 2017
- Bergemann, Martin; Khouider, Boualem; Jakob, Christian
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 9, Issue 7
Improving synoptic and intraseasonal variability in CFSv2 via stochastic representation of organized convection: CFSsmcm
journal, January 2017
- Goswami, B. B.; Khouider, B.; Phani, R.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 2
Evaluation of Budget Analyses during MISMO
journal, January 2011
- Katsumata, Masaki; Ciesielski, Paul E.; Johnson, Richard H.
- Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 50, Issue 1
Climate science in the tropics: waves, vortices and PDEs
journal, November 2012
- Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.; Stechmann, Samuel N.
- Nonlinearity, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Deep learning to represent subgrid processes in climate models
journal, September 2018
- Rasp, Stephan; Pritchard, Michael S.; Gentine, Pierre
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 39
A Cumulus Parameterization Including Mass Fluxes, Vertical Momentum Dynamics, and Mesoscale Effects
journal, March 1993
- Donner, Leo J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 50, Issue 6
Cracking the MJO nut: ZHANG ET AL.: CRACKING THE MJO NUT
journal, March 2013
- Zhang, Chidong; Gottschalck, Jon; Maloney, Eric D.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 6
The effect of atmospheric radiative heating by clouds on the Madden-Julian Oscillation: CLOUD-RADIATIVE EFFECTS ON THE MJO
journal, June 2015
- Crueger, Traute; Stevens, Bjorn
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Model multi-cloud parameterizations for convectively coupled waves: Detailed nonlinear wave evolution
journal, December 2006
- Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, Vol. 42, Issue 1-4
Madden-Julian Oscillation
journal, January 2005
- Zhang, Chidong
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 43, Issue 2
Thermodynamic control of anvil cloud amount
journal, July 2016
- Bony, Sandrine; Stevens, Bjorn; Coppin, David
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 32
The Madden–Julian Oscillation’s Impacts on Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Activity
journal, March 2014
- Klotzbach, Philip J.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 6
Earth System Modeling 2.0: A Blueprint for Models That Learn From Observations and Targeted High-Resolution Simulations: EARTH SYSTEM MODELING 2.0
journal, December 2017
- Schneider, Tapio; Lan, Shiwei; Stuart, Andrew
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 24
Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in 14 IPCC AR4 Climate Models. Part I: Convective Signals
journal, June 2006
- Lin, Jia-Lin; Kiladis, George N.; Mapes, Brian E.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 12
The Deepening of Tropical Convection by Congestus Preconditioning
journal, August 2010
- Waite, Michael L.; Khouider, Boualem
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 67, Issue 8
The development of organized convection associated with the MJO during TOGA COARE IOP: Trimodal characteristics: CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MJO
journal, May 2004
- Kikuchi, Kazuyoshi; Takayabu, Yukari N.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 10
Corrected TOGA COARE Sounding Humidity Data: Impact on Diagnosed Properties of Convection and Climate over the Warm Pool
journal, July 2003
- Ciesielski, Paul E.; Johnson, Richard H.; Haertel, Patrick T.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 16, Issue 14
Improved MJO-simulation in ECHAM6.3 by coupling a Stochastic Multicloud Model to the convection scheme: COUPLING THE SMCM TO ECHAM6.3
journal, January 2017
- Peters, Karsten; Crueger, Traute; Jakob, Christian
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Climatological Characterization of Three-Dimensional Storm Structure from Operational Radar and Rain Gauge Data
journal, September 1995
- Steiner, Matthias; Houze, Robert A.; Yuter, Sandra E.
- Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 34, Issue 9
Role of stratiform heating on the organization of convection over the monsoon trough
journal, February 2016
- Ajayamohan, R. S.; Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 47, Issue 12
Stochasticity of convection in Giga-LES data
journal, December 2015
- De La Chevrotière, Michèle; Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 47, Issue 5-6
Models for Stratiform Instability and Convectively Coupled Waves
journal, June 2001
- Majda, Andrew J.; Shefter, Michael G.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 58, Issue 12
A data-driven multi-cloud model for stochastic parametrization of deep convection
journal, May 2013
- Dorrestijn, J.; Crommelin, D. T.; Biello, J. A.
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 371, Issue 1991
The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models
journal, December 1993
- Emanuel, Kerry A.; Raymond, David J.
- Meteorological Monographs, Vol. 46
The Intraseasonal (30–50 day) Oscillation of the Australian Summer Monsoon
journal, December 1990
- Hendon, Harry H.; Liebmann, Brant
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 47, Issue 24
Trimodal Characteristics of Tropical Convection
journal, August 1999
- Johnson, Richard H.; Rickenbach, Thomas M.; Rutledge, Steven A.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 12, Issue 8
Large-eddy simulation of maritime deep tropical convection
journal, December 2009
- Khairoutdinov, Marat F.; Krueger, Steve K.; Moeng, Chin-Hoh
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 2
Madden–Julian Oscillation Pacific Teleconnections: The Impact of the Basic State and MJO Representation in General Circulation Models
journal, June 2017
- Henderson, Stephanie A.; Maloney, Eric D.; Son, Seok-Woo
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 30, Issue 12
A Simple Multicloud Parameterization for Convectively Coupled Tropical Waves. Part I: Linear Analysis
journal, April 2006
- Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 63, Issue 4
Toward stochastic deep convective parameterization in general circulation models: STOCHASTIC CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION
journal, February 2003
- Lin, Johnny Wei-Bing; Neelin, J. David
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 4
A Stochastic Parameterization for Deep Convection Based on Equilibrium Statistics
journal, January 2008
- Plant, R. S.; Craig, G. C.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 1
Analysis of rainfall characteristics of the Madden–Julian oscillation using TRMM satellite data
journal, December 2006
- Morita, Juntaro; Takayabu, Yukari N.; Shige, Shoichi
- Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, Vol. 42, Issue 1-4
A spectral method for confidence interval generation and run length control in simulations
journal, April 1981
- Heidelberger, Philip; Welch, Peter D.
- Communications of the ACM, Vol. 24, Issue 4
The Relationship Between Tropical Cyclones of the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Madden-Julian Oscillation [西太平洋及びインド洋における熱帯低気圧とMadden-Julian振動との関連]
journal, January 1994
- Liebmann, Brant; Hendon, Harry H.; Glick, John D.
- Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, Vol. 72, Issue 3
Considerations for Stochastic Convective Parameterization
journal, March 2002
- Lin, Johnny Wei-Bing; Neelin, J. David
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 59, Issue 5
Mixed‐phase cloud physics and Southern Ocean cloud feedback in climate models
journal, September 2015
- McCoy, Daniel T.; Hartmann, Dennis L.; Zelinka, Mark D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 18
Diurnally Modulated Cumulus Moistening in the Preonset Stage of the Madden–Julian Oscillation during DYNAMO*
journal, April 2015
- Ruppert, James H.; Johnson, Richard H.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 4
Stochastic representation of model uncertainties in the ECMWF ensemble prediction system
journal, October 1999
- Buizza, R.; Milleer, M.; Palmer, T. N.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 125, Issue 560
Short-Range Ensemble Forecasts of Precipitation during the Southwest Monsoon
journal, October 2002
- Bright, David R.; Mullen, Steven L.
- Weather and Forecasting, Vol. 17, Issue 5
Prognostic Validation of a Neural Network Unified Physics Parameterization
journal, June 2018
- Brenowitz, N. D.; Bretherton, C. S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 12
Tracking Pulses of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
journal, December 2013
- Yoneyama, Kunio; Zhang, Chidong; Long, Charles N.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 94, Issue 12
Episodic Trade Wind Regimes over the Western Pacific Warm Pool
journal, August 1997
- Johnson, Richard H.; Lin, Xin
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 54, Issue 15
Multicloud Models for Organized Tropical Convection: Enhanced Congestus Heating
journal, March 2008
- Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 3
Cloud representation in general-circulation models over the northern Pacific Ocean: A EUROCS intercomparison study
journal, October 2004
- Siebesma, A. P.; Jakob, C.; Lenderink, G.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 130, Issue 604
The MJO in a Coarse-Resolution GCM with a Stochastic Multicloud Parameterization
journal, January 2015
- Deng, Qiang; Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 1
Equatorial Convectively Coupled Waves in a Simple Multicloud Model
journal, November 2008
- Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 11
Coarse-grained stochastic models for tropical convection and climate
journal, September 2003
- Khouider, B.; Majda, A. J.; Katsoulakis, M. A.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, Issue 21
Carbon Dioxide and Climate. The Impact of Cloud Parameterization
journal, March 1993
- Senior, C. A.; Mitchell, J. F. B.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 6, Issue 3
Structure and Properties of Madden–Julian Oscillations Deduced from DYNAMO Sounding Arrays
journal, October 2013
- Johnson, Richard H.; Ciesielski, Paul E.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 70, Issue 10
The impact of parametrized convection on cloud feedback
journal, November 2015
- Webb, Mark J.; Lock, Adrian P.; Bretherton, Christopher S.
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 373, Issue 2054
Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in global climate models: Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in GCMs
journal, May 2017
- Ceppi, Paulo; Brient, Florent; Zelinka, Mark D.
- Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Using the Stochastic Multicloud Model to Improve Tropical Convective Parameterization: A Paradigm Example
journal, March 2012
- Frenkel, Yevgeniy; Majda, Andrew J.; Khouider, Boualem
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 69, Issue 3
The Change in Low Cloud Cover in a Warmed Climate Inferred from AIRS, MODIS, and ERA-Interim
journal, May 2017
- McCoy, Daniel T.; Eastman, Ryan; Hartmann, Dennis L.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 30, Issue 10
Convective Precursors and Predictability in the Tropical Western Pacific
journal, December 1999
- Sherwood, Steven C.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 127, Issue 12
MJO and Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Simulated by CMIP5 Climate Models
journal, September 2013
- Hung, Meng-Pai; Lin, Jia-Lin; Wang, Wanqiu
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 17
Uncertainty in Model Climate Sensitivity Traced to Representations of Cumulus Precipitation Microphysics
journal, January 2016
- Zhao, Ming; Golaz, J. -C.; Held, I. M.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 29, Issue 2
Calibration of the Stochastic Multicloud Model Using Bayesian Inference
journal, January 2014
- De La Chevrotière, Michèle; Khouider, Boualem; Majda, Andrew J.
- SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, Vol. 36, Issue 3
Interpretation of the positive low-cloud feedback predicted by a climate model under global warming
journal, January 2012
- Brient, Florent; Bony, Sandrine
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 40, Issue 9-10
An Exact Method for Numerically Simulating the Stochastic Coalescence Process in a Cloud
journal, October 1975
- Gillespie, Daniel T.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 32, Issue 10
Madden–Julian Oscillation: Bridging Weather and Climate
journal, December 2013
- Zhang, Chidong
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 94, Issue 12
Comparison of Precipitation Derived from the ECMWF Operational Forecast Model and Satellite Precipitation Datasets
journal, October 2013
- Kidd, Chris; Dawkins, Erin; Huffman, George
- Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Evaluation of the Plant–Craig stochastic convection scheme (v2.0) in the ensemble forecasting system MOGREPS-R (24 km) based on the Unified Model (v7.3)
journal, January 2016
- Keane, Richard J.; Plant, Robert S.; Tennant, Warren J.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 9, Issue 5
Convective Inhibition, Subgrid-Scale Triggering Energy, and Stratiform Instability in a Toy Tropical Wave Model
journal, May 2000
- Mapes, Brian E.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 57, Issue 10
The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) contribution to CMIP6
journal, January 2017
- Webb, Mark J.; Andrews, Timothy; Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 10, Issue 1
An Integrated View of the 1987 Australian Monsoon and Its Mesoscale Convective Systems. I: Horizontal Structure
journal, July 1992
- Mapes, Brian; Houze, Robert A.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 118, Issue 507
Ensemble prediction and parameter estimation system: the concept
journal, September 2011
- Järvinen, Heikki; Laine, Marko; Solonen, Antti
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 138, Issue 663
Low-Cloud Feedbacks from Cloud-Controlling Factors: A Review
journal, October 2017
- Klein, Stephen A.; Hall, Alex; Norris, Joel R.
- Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Use of Multiquadric Interpolation for Meteorological Objective Analysis
journal, July 1994
- Nuss, Wendell A.; Titley, David W.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 122, Issue 7
A Stochastic Framework for Modeling the Population Dynamics of Convective Clouds
journal, February 2018
- Hagos, Samson; Feng, Zhe; Plant, Robert S.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 10, Issue 2
The four cumulus cloud modes and their progression during rainfall events: A C-band polarimetric radar perspective: TROPICAL CUMULUS CLOUDS
journal, August 2013
- Kumar, Vickal V.; Jakob, Christian; Protat, Alain
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 15
Evaluation of tropical cloud and precipitation statistics of Community Atmosphere Model version 3 using CloudSat and CALIPSO data
journal, January 2010
- Zhang, Y.; Klein, S. A.; Boyle, J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue D12