Title: Reversible Conversion Reactions and Small First Cycle Irreversible Capacity Loss in Metal Sulfide-Based Electrodes Enabled by Solid Electrolytes

Abstract

Solid-state batteries can potentially enable new classes of electrode materials which are unstable against liquid electrolytes. Here, SnS nanocrystals, synthesized by a wet chemical method, are used to fabricate a Li-ion electrode, and the electrochemical properties of this electrode are examined in both solid and liquid electrolyte designs. The SnS-based solid-state cell delivers a capacity of 629 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles and exhibits an unprecedentedly small irreversible capacity in the first cycle (8.2%), while the SnS-based liquid cell shows a rapid capacity decay and large first cycle irreversible capacity (44.6%). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments show significant solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in the liquid cell during the first discharge while SEI formation by electrolyte reduction in the solid-state cell appears negligible. Along with CV, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are used to investigate the differences between the solid-state and liquid cells. The reaction chemistry of SnS in solid-state cells is also studied in detail by ex situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The overarching findings are that use of a solid electrolyte suppresses materials degradation and electrolyte reduction which leads to a small first cycle irreversible capacity and stable cycling.

Authors:

Kim, Sanghyeon ^[1]; Choi, Jaewon ^[1]; Bak, Seong‐Min  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Bak, Seong‐Min"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-1626-5949"

Sang, Lingzi ^[2]; Li, Qun ^[3]; Patra, Arghya ^[4]; Braun, Paul V.  ^[1]

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Braun, Paul V."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-4079-8160"

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Beckman Inst. for Advanced Science and Technology, Materials Research Lab.
2. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Materials Research Lab.
3. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
4. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Materials Research Lab.

Publication Date:

Mon Apr 29 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

OSTI Identifier:

1560010

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1509945

Report Number(s):

BNL-212023-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 1616-301X

Grant/Contract Number:  

SC0012704

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Advanced Functional Materials

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: 27; Journal ID: ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:

Wiley

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

25 ENERGY STORAGE; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE