Reversal of turbulent gyroBohm isotope scaling due to nonadiabatic electron drive

Belli, E. A.; Candy, J.; Waltz, R. E.

doi:10.1063/1.5110401

Title: Reversal of turbulent gyroBohm isotope scaling due to nonadiabatic electron drive

Abstract

Here, the influence of kinetic electrons on the isotope scaling of gyrokinetic turbulent energy flux is assessed. A simple framework is used to study the transition from ion-dominated turbulence regimes to regimes where electron and ion transport levels are comparable. In the ion-dominated regime, the turbulent ion energy flux increases as the ion mass increases, in agreement with simple gyroBohm scaling arguments. Conversely, in the latter regime for which the influence of electrons is significant, a strong reversal from the gyroBohm scaling is observed which cannot be captured by mixing length estimates. In this reversed regime, the turbulent ion energy flux decreases as ion mass increases. The reversal is controlled by finite electron-to-ion mass-ratio dependence of the nonadiabatic electron response. This mass-ratio dependence is dominated by the parallel motion terms in the electron gyrokinetic equation, and provides a correction to the bounce-averaged electron limit which is independent of mass ratio. The finite-mass correction is larger for light ions and explains the observed gyroBohm reversal for hydrogen plasmas. Lastly, an implication is that isotope scaling may not be properly described by simplified fluid or bounce-averaged electron equations.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1559134

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-04ER54698; FG02-95ER54309; FC02-06ER54873; SC0017992

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Plasmas

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 26; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Belli, E. A., Candy, J., and Waltz, R. E. Reversal of turbulent gyroBohm isotope scaling due to nonadiabatic electron drive.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5110401.

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                    Belli, E. A., Candy, J., & Waltz, R. E. Reversal of turbulent gyroBohm isotope scaling due to nonadiabatic electron drive.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110401

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                    Belli, E. A., Candy, J., and Waltz, R. E. Tue .  
"Reversal of turbulent gyroBohm isotope scaling due to nonadiabatic electron drive".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110401.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1559134.

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@article{osti_1559134,

  title        = {Reversal of turbulent gyroBohm isotope scaling due to nonadiabatic electron drive},

  author       = {Belli, E. A. and Candy, J. and Waltz, R. E.},

  abstractNote = {Here, the influence of kinetic electrons on the isotope scaling of gyrokinetic turbulent energy flux is assessed. A simple framework is used to study the transition from ion-dominated turbulence regimes to regimes where electron and ion transport levels are comparable. In the ion-dominated regime, the turbulent ion energy flux increases as the ion mass increases, in agreement with simple gyroBohm scaling arguments. Conversely, in the latter regime for which the influence of electrons is significant, a strong reversal from the gyroBohm scaling is observed which cannot be captured by mixing length estimates. In this reversed regime, the turbulent ion energy flux decreases as ion mass increases. The reversal is controlled by finite electron-to-ion mass-ratio dependence of the nonadiabatic electron response. This mass-ratio dependence is dominated by the parallel motion terms in the electron gyrokinetic equation, and provides a correction to the bounce-averaged electron limit which is independent of mass ratio. The finite-mass correction is larger for light ions and explains the observed gyroBohm reversal for hydrogen plasmas. Lastly, an implication is that isotope scaling may not be properly described by simplified fluid or bounce-averaged electron equations.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5110401},

  journal      = {Physics of Plasmas},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 26,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Tue Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110401

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Cited by: 15 works

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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1: (a) Real frequency and (b) linear growth rate versus density gradient scale length comparing hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium as the main ion species. Note that the normalization is with respect to the main ion sound speed. The deviation from the intrinsic mass scaling increases as the density gradientmore »

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Works referenced in this record:

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Isotope and plasma size scaling in ion temperature gradient driven turbulence
journal, December 2019

Idomura, Yasuhiro
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.5133084

Figures / Tables found in this record:

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Title: Reversal of turbulent gyroBohm isotope scaling due to nonadiabatic electron drive

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Dependence of L mode confinement on plasma ion species in JET journal, September 1993

Isotope Effects on Trapped-Electron-Mode Driven Turbulence and Zonal Flows in Helical and Tokamak Plasmas journal, April 2017

Collisionality dependence of density peaking in quasilinear gyrokinetic calculations journal, November 2005

Linearized model collision operators for multiple ion species plasmas and gyrokinetic entropy balance equations journal, November 2009

An Eulerian gyrokinetic-Maxwell solver journal, April 2003

Isotope scaling and η i mode with impurities in tokamak plasmas journal, November 1994

Implications of advanced collision operators for gyrokinetic simulation journal, February 2017

Isotope effects on L-H threshold and confinement in tokamak plasmas journal, November 2017

Toroidal semicollisional microinstabilities and anomalous electron and ion transport journal, April 1990

Bounce averaged trapped electron fluid equations for plasma turbulence journal, November 1996

Isotopic scaling of confinement in deuterium–tritium plasmas journal, June 1995

Theory of the ubiquitous mode journal, October 1977

Isotope effects of trapped electron modes in the presence of impurities in tokamak plasmas journal, March 2016

Integration of full divertor detachment with improved core confinement for tokamak fusion plasmas journal, March 2021

Hydrogen isotope effects on ITG scale length, pedestal and confinement in JT-60 H-mode plasmas journal, July 2013

Deuterium–tritium high confinement (H‐mode) studies in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor journal, June 1995

A fluid–kinetic hybrid electron model for electromagnetic simulations journal, May 2001

A high-accuracy Eulerian gyrokinetic solver for collisional plasmas journal, November 2016

Critical gradient formula for toroidal electron temperature gradient modes journal, September 2001

Progress towards a predictive model for pedestal height in DIII-D journal, July 2009

Gyro-Landau fluid equations for trapped and passing particles journal, October 2005

Diffusive particle and heat pinch effects in toroidal plasmas journal, October 1989

Density gradient driven microinstabilities and turbulence in ASDEX Upgrade pellet fuelled plasmas journal, August 2017

Gyrokinetic simulations of ion and impurity transport journal, February 2005

Reduced equations for electromagnetic turbulence in tokamaks journal, January 2003

Dynamics of axisymmetric and poloidal flows in tokamaks journal, January 1999

Chapter 2: Plasma confinement and transport journal, December 1999

Microturbulence study of the isotope effect journal, January 2015

A nonlinear bounce‐kinetic equation for trapped electrons journal, December 1990

The isotope effect in ASDEX journal, August 1993

Gyrokinetic nonlinear isotope effects in tokamak plasmas journal, December 2016

Verification of long wavelength electromagnetic modes with a gyrokinetic-fluid hybrid model in the XGC code journal, May 2017

Noncircular, finite aspect ratio, local equilibrium model journal, April 1998

Spectral treatment of gyrokinetic shear flow journal, March 2018

A gyro-Landau-fluid transport model journal, July 1997

Plasma confinement in JET H mode plasmas with H, D, DT and T isotopes journal, March 1999

Isotope and fast ions turbulence suppression effects: Consequences for high-β ITER plasmas journal, May 2018

Isotope mass and charge effects in tokamak plasmas journal, December 2011

A gyrokinetic ion zero electron inertia fluid electron model for turbulence simulations journal, February 2001

Isotope and plasma size scaling in ion temperature gradient driven turbulence journal, December 2019

Dependence of L mode confinement on plasma ion species in JET
journal, September 1993

Isotope Effects on Trapped-Electron-Mode Driven Turbulence and Zonal Flows in Helical and Tokamak Plasmas
journal, April 2017

Collisionality dependence of density peaking in quasilinear gyrokinetic calculations
journal, November 2005

Linearized model collision operators for multiple ion species plasmas and gyrokinetic entropy balance equations
journal, November 2009

An Eulerian gyrokinetic-Maxwell solver
journal, April 2003

Isotope scaling and η _i mode with impurities in tokamak plasmas
journal, November 1994

Implications of advanced collision operators for gyrokinetic simulation
journal, February 2017

Isotope effects on L-H threshold and confinement in tokamak plasmas
journal, November 2017

Toroidal semicollisional microinstabilities and anomalous electron and ion transport
journal, April 1990

Bounce averaged trapped electron fluid equations for plasma turbulence
journal, November 1996

Isotopic scaling of confinement in deuterium–tritium plasmas
journal, June 1995

Theory of the ubiquitous mode
journal, October 1977

Isotope effects of trapped electron modes in the presence of impurities in tokamak plasmas
journal, March 2016

Integration of full divertor detachment with improved core confinement for tokamak fusion plasmas
journal, March 2021

Hydrogen isotope effects on ITG scale length, pedestal and confinement in JT-60 H-mode plasmas
journal, July 2013

Deuterium–tritium high confinement (H‐mode) studies in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
journal, June 1995

A fluid–kinetic hybrid electron model for electromagnetic simulations
journal, May 2001

A high-accuracy Eulerian gyrokinetic solver for collisional plasmas
journal, November 2016

Critical gradient formula for toroidal electron temperature gradient modes
journal, September 2001

Progress towards a predictive model for pedestal height in DIII-D
journal, July 2009

Gyro-Landau fluid equations for trapped and passing particles
journal, October 2005

Diffusive particle and heat pinch effects in toroidal plasmas
journal, October 1989

Density gradient driven microinstabilities and turbulence in ASDEX Upgrade pellet fuelled plasmas
journal, August 2017

Gyrokinetic simulations of ion and impurity transport
journal, February 2005

Reduced equations for electromagnetic turbulence in tokamaks
journal, January 2003

Dynamics of axisymmetric and poloidal flows in tokamaks
journal, January 1999

Chapter 2: Plasma confinement and transport
journal, December 1999

Microturbulence study of the isotope effect
journal, January 2015

A nonlinear bounce‐kinetic equation for trapped electrons
journal, December 1990

The isotope effect in ASDEX
journal, August 1993

Gyrokinetic nonlinear isotope effects in tokamak plasmas
journal, December 2016

Verification of long wavelength electromagnetic modes with a gyrokinetic-fluid hybrid model in the XGC code
journal, May 2017

Noncircular, finite aspect ratio, local equilibrium model
journal, April 1998

Spectral treatment of gyrokinetic shear flow
journal, March 2018

A gyro-Landau-fluid transport model
journal, July 1997

Plasma confinement in JET H mode plasmas with H, D, DT and T isotopes
journal, March 1999

Isotope and fast ions turbulence suppression effects: Consequences for high-β ITER plasmas
journal, May 2018

Isotope mass and charge effects in tokamak plasmas
journal, December 2011

A gyrokinetic ion zero electron inertia fluid electron model for turbulence simulations
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Isotope and plasma size scaling in ion temperature gradient driven turbulence
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