Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei

doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731

This content will become publicly available on July 29, 2020

Title: Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei

Abstract

The fundamental theory of the strong interaction -- quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- provides the foundational framework with which to describe and understand the key properties of atomic nuclei. A deep understanding of the explicit role of quarks and gluons in nuclei remains elusive however, as these effects have thus far been well-disguised by confinement effects in QCD which are encapsulated by a successful description in terms of effective hadronic degrees of freedom. The observation of the EMC effect has provided an enduring indication for explicit QCD effects in nuclei, and points to the medium modification of the bound protons and neutrons in the nuclear medium. Understanding the EMC effect is a major challenge for modern nuclear physics, and several key questions remain, such as understanding its flavor, spin, and momentum dependence. Furthermore, this manuscript provides a contemporary snapshot of our understanding of the role of QCD in nuclei and outlines possible pathways in experiment and theory that will help deepen our understanding of nuclei in the context of QCD.

Authors:

Cloët, I. C. ^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Armstrong, W. ^[1]; Arrington, J. ^[1]; Cosyn, W. ^[3]; Fomin, N. ^[4]; Freese, A. ^[1]; Fucini, S. ^[5]; Gaskell, D. ^[6]; Keppel, C. E. ^[6]; Miller, G. A. ^[7]; Pace, E. ^[8]; Platchkov, S. ^[9]; Reimer, P. E. ^[1]; Scopetta, S. ^[5];

^[10]; Zurita, P. ^[11]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex (France)
Ghent Univ., Ghent (Belgium)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. di Perugia and INFN, Perugia (Italy)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Univ. di Roma 'Tor Vergata' and INFN, Rome (Italy)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Univ. of Adelaide, Adelaide (Australia)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-07-29

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)

OSTI Identifier:: 1559036

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 46; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0954-3899

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; EMC effect; deep inelastic scattering; medium modification; nuclear modification; short-range correlations; tagged scattering

Citation Formats


                    Cloët, I. C., Dupré, R., Riordan, S., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Cosyn, W., Fomin, N., Freese, A., Fucini, S., Gaskell, D., Keppel, C. E., Miller, G. A., Pace, E., Platchkov, S., Reimer, P. E., Scopetta, S., Thomas, A. W., and Zurita, P. Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731.

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                    Cloët, I. C., Dupré, R., Riordan, S., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Cosyn, W., Fomin, N., Freese, A., Fucini, S., Gaskell, D., Keppel, C. E., Miller, G. A., Pace, E., Platchkov, S., Reimer, P. E., Scopetta, S., Thomas, A. W., & Zurita, P. Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei.  United States.  doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731.

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                    Cloët, I. C., Dupré, R., Riordan, S., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Cosyn, W., Fomin, N., Freese, A., Fucini, S., Gaskell, D., Keppel, C. E., Miller, G. A., Pace, E., Platchkov, S., Reimer, P. E., Scopetta, S., Thomas, A. W., and Zurita, P. Mon .  
        "Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei".  United States.  doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731.

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@article{osti_1559036,

  title        = {Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei},

  author       = {Cloët, I. C. and Dupré, R. and Riordan, S. and Armstrong, W. and Arrington, J. and Cosyn, W. and Fomin, N. and Freese, A. and Fucini, S. and Gaskell, D. and Keppel, C. E. and Miller, G. A. and Pace, E. and Platchkov, S. and Reimer, P. E. and Scopetta, S. and Thomas, A. W. and Zurita, P.},

  abstractNote = {The fundamental theory of the strong interaction -- quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- provides the foundational framework with which to describe and understand the key properties of atomic nuclei. A deep understanding of the explicit role of quarks and gluons in nuclei remains elusive however, as these effects have thus far been well-disguised by confinement effects in QCD which are encapsulated by a successful description in terms of effective hadronic degrees of freedom. The observation of the EMC effect has provided an enduring indication for explicit QCD effects in nuclei, and points to the medium modification of the bound protons and neutrons in the nuclear medium. Understanding the EMC effect is a major challenge for modern nuclear physics, and several key questions remain, such as understanding its flavor, spin, and momentum dependence. Furthermore, this manuscript provides a contemporary snapshot of our understanding of the role of QCD in nuclei and outlines possible pathways in experiment and theory that will help deepen our understanding of nuclei in the context of QCD.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731},

  journal      = {Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 46,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {7}

}

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3D structure and nuclear targets
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Dupré, Raphaël; Scopetta, Sergio
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Generalized Parton Distributions in the Deuteron
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First Exclusive Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off ${}^{4}{He}$ : Toward the 3D Tomography of Nuclei
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Theoretical Description of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off 3He
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Deeply virtual Compton scattering on spinless nuclear targets in the impulse approximation
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Microscopic description of deeply virtual Compton scattering off spin-0 nuclei
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Deep electroproduction of photons and mesons on the deuteron
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Cano, F.; Pire, B.
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El Fassi, L.; Zana, L.; Hafidi, K.
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Multidimensional study of hadronization in nuclei
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Airapetian, A.; Akopov, N.; Akopov, Z.
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Measurement of the electron charge asymmetry in $p \bar{p} \to W + X \to e ν + X$ decays in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$
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Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Acharya, B. S.
Physical Review D, Vol. 91, Issue 3
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Measurement of the $W$ Boson Production Charge Asymmetry in $p \bar{p} \to W + X \to e ν + X$ Events at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$
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Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Acharya, B. S.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 15
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Erratum: Measurement of the $W$ Boson Production Charge Asymmetry in $p \bar{p} \to W + X \to e ν + X$ Events at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$ [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 , 151803 (2014)]
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Abazov, V. M.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.049901

Measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry from $W \to e ν$ production in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$
journal, March 2005

Acosta, D.; Adelman, J.; Affolder, T.
Physical Review D, Vol. 71, Issue 5
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Direct Measurement of the $W$ Production Charge Asymmetry in $p \bar{p}$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$
journal, May 2009

Aaltonen, T.; Adelman, J.; Akimoto, T.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.181801

Measurement of <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mi>σ</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:math> of Drell–Yan <mml:math altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> pairs in the Z mass region from <mml:math altimg="si3.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> collisions at <mml:math altimg="si4.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.96</mml:mn><mml:mtext> TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math>
journal, September 2010

Aaltonen, T.; Adelman, J.; Álvarez González, B.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 692, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.06.043

Measurement of the shape of the boson rapidity distribution for $p \bar{p} \to Z / γ^{*} \to e^{+} e^{-} + X$ events produced at $\sqrt{s}$ of 1.96 TeV
journal, July 2007

Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Abolins, M.
Physical Review D, Vol. 76, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.012003

Constraints on large- $x$ parton distributions from new weak boson production and deep-inelastic scattering data
journal, June 2016

Accardi, A.; Brady, L. T.; Melnitchouk, W.
Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.114017

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Title: Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Relativistic and Nuclear Medium Effects on the Coulomb Sum Rule
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Hard nuclear processes and microscopic nuclear structure
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Nuclear effects in structure functions
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The Nuclear EMC Effect
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Nuclear deep-inelastic lepton scattering and coherence phenomena
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Hadrons in the nuclear medium
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The challenge of the EMC effect: Existing data and future directions
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Nucleon-nucleon correlations, short-lived excitations, and the quarks within
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Nuclear effects in deep inelastic muon scattering on deuterium and iron targets
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Measurement of the $A$ dependence of deep-inelastic electron scattering
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A measurement of the ratio of the nucleon structure function in copper and deuterium
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Impact of nuclear dependence of $R = σ_{L} / σ_{T}$ on antishadowing in nuclear structure functions
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New Measurements of the European Muon Collaboration Effect in Very Light Nuclei
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The EMC effect
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The emc Effect and high Momentum Nucleons in Nuclei
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Structure functions for light nuclei
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Evidence for short-range correlations from high $Q^{2}$ ( e , e ’) reactions
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Short Range Correlations and the EMC Effect
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Detailed study of the nuclear dependence of the EMC effect and short-range correlations
journal, December 2012

New data strengthen the connection between short range correlations and the EMC effect
journal, April 2012

Short-Range Correlations and the EMC Effect in Effective Field Theory
journal, December 2017

Scaling of the $F_{2}$ Structure Function in Nuclei and Quark Distributions at $x > 1$
journal, November 2010

Do Ordinary Nuclei Contain Exotic States of Matter?
journal, November 2004

"Six-Quark" Component in the Deuteron from a Comparison of Electron and Neutrino/Antineutrino Structure Functions
journal, April 1984

Precise measurement of neutrino and antineutrino differential cross sections
journal, July 2006

Measurement of nucleon structure functions in neutrino scattering
journal, January 2006

Centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$ proton–lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
journal, September 2015

Studies of dijet transverse momentum balance and pseudorapidity distributions in pPb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02$$ s NN = 5.02 $$\,\text {TeV}$$ TeV
journal, July 2014

EPPS16: nuclear parton distributions with LHC data
journal, March 2017

Nuclear parton density functions from jet production in DIS at an EIC
journal, May 2017

Nuclear parton density functions from dijet photoproduction at the EIC
journal, June 2018

Nuclear structure functions at a future electron-ion collider
journal, December 2017

Observation of nuclear scaling in the ${A (e, e}^{'})$ reaction at $x_{B} > 1$
journal, July 2003

New Measurements of High-Momentum Nucleons and Short-Range Structures in Nuclei
journal, February 2012

Charge symmetry at the partonic level
journal, July 2010

Isovector EMC Effect and the NuTeV Anomaly
journal, June 2009

Parity-Violating Deep Inelastic Scattering and the Flavor Dependence of the EMC Effect
journal, October 2012

New properties of the high-momentum distribution of nucleons in asymmetric nuclei
journal, March 2014

Short-range correlations and their implications for isospin-dependent modification of nuclear quark distributions
journal, January 2016

Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
journal, June 2008

Precise Determination of Electroweak Parameters in Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering
journal, February 2002

Erratum: Precise Determination of Electroweak Parameters in Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 , 091802 (2002)]
journal, June 2003

Tests for Neutral Currents in Neutrino Reactions
journal, January 1973

Reassessment of the NuTeV determination of the weak mixing angle
journal, October 2010

Parton distribution function nuclear corrections for charged lepton and neutrino deep inelastic scattering processes
journal, November 2009

Comparison of the Deep-Inelastic Structure Functions of Deuterium and Aluminum Nuclei
journal, August 1983

Quark distributions in nuclear matter and the EMC effect
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QCD and a new paradigm for nuclear structure
journal, January 2016

Quark–Meson-Coupling (QMC) model for finite nuclei, nuclear matter and beyond
journal, May 2018

Superheavy Nuclei in the Quark-Meson-Coupling Model
journal, January 2017

Finite Nuclei in the Quark-Meson Coupling Model
journal, February 2016

Spin-Dependent Structure Functions in Nuclear Matter and the Polarized EMC Effect
journal, July 2005

EMC and polarized EMC effects in nuclei
journal, November 2006

Polarized EMC effect in the QMC model
journal, August 2018

The EMC effect of nuclear matter
journal, January 1992

A new approach to nuclear structure functions
journal, December 1989

The role of nucleon structure in finite nuclei
journal, May 1996

Polarized quark distributions in nuclear matter
journal, August 2005

Reflections on the origin of the EMC effect
journal, December 2018

Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of nuclei with $A <~ 7$
journal, October 1997

Disentangling Explanations of Deep-Inelastic Lepton-Nucleus Scattering by Lepton-Pair Production
journal, December 1984

Nuclear dependence of dimuon production at 800 GeV
journal, May 1990

Parton Energy Loss Limits and Shadowing in Drell-Yan Dimuon Production
journal, September 1999

Test of nuclear effects in hadronic dimuon production
journal, September 1981

Nuclear effects on the nucleon structure functions in hadronic high-mass dimuon production
journal, July 1987

Pion-induced Drell-Yan processes and the flavor-dependent EMC effect
journal, April 2011

Applicability of pion–nucleus Drell–Yan data in global analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions
journal, May 2017

Constraining the nuclear gluon distribution in eA processes at RHIC
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Inclusive J/ψ and ψ′ production in π−-nucleus interactions at
journal, September 1999

$J/\psi$ production as a probe of charge symmetry violations and nuclear corrections in parton distributions
journal, May 1996

Application of the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin and Martin-Ryskin-Watt unintegrated parton distributions to the EMC ratio of a ${}^{6}{L i}$ nucleus in the $k_{t}$ -factorization framework
journal, October 2018

Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD
journal, December 2015

Modern studies of the Deuteron: From the lab frame to the light front
journal, March 2015