DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Lattice Expansion in Hybrid Perovskites: Effect on Optoelectronic Properties and Charge Carrier Dynamics

Abstract

Hybrid halide perovskites frequently undergo structural expansion which significantly affects their electronic properties and in particular charge carrier dynamics. Various stimuli such as residual strain, light illumination, compositional engineering may deform the soft lattices of these materials. It is essential to atomistically model how geometric changes modify electronic characteristics important for applications such as light harvesting or lighting. Using ab initio simulations, here we investigate the structural dynamics and optoelectronic properties of FAPbI3 under tensile strain. The applied strain leads to elongation of the Pb-I bonds and a reduction of PbI6 octahedra tilting, which manifests as a blue-shifts in band gaps. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that charge carrier recombination rates moderately slow down in these expanded lattices. Complex influences of lattice dynamics on elastic and inelastic electron-phonon scattering results in longer carrier lifetime which is advantageous for efficient solar cells. By providing detailed information on the structure-property relationships, this work emphasizes the role of controlled lattice expansion on enhancing the electronic functionalities of hybrid perovskites.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [1]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  2. Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore (India)
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (China)
  4. Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1558980
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-19-26501
Journal ID: ISSN 1948-7185
Grant/Contract Number:  
89233218CNA000001
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 17; Journal ID: ISSN 1948-7185
Publisher:
American Chemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Hybrid halide perovskites; solar cells; optoelectronics; charge carrier dynamics

Citation Formats

Ghosh, Dibyajyoti, Acharya, Debdipto, Zhou, Liujiang, Nie, Wanyi, Prezhdo, Oleg V., Tretiak, Sergei, and Neukirch, Amanda J. Lattice Expansion in Hybrid Perovskites: Effect on Optoelectronic Properties and Charge Carrier Dynamics. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02020.
Ghosh, Dibyajyoti, Acharya, Debdipto, Zhou, Liujiang, Nie, Wanyi, Prezhdo, Oleg V., Tretiak, Sergei, & Neukirch, Amanda J. Lattice Expansion in Hybrid Perovskites: Effect on Optoelectronic Properties and Charge Carrier Dynamics. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02020
Ghosh, Dibyajyoti, Acharya, Debdipto, Zhou, Liujiang, Nie, Wanyi, Prezhdo, Oleg V., Tretiak, Sergei, and Neukirch, Amanda J. Tue . "Lattice Expansion in Hybrid Perovskites: Effect on Optoelectronic Properties and Charge Carrier Dynamics". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1558980.
@article{osti_1558980,
title = {Lattice Expansion in Hybrid Perovskites: Effect on Optoelectronic Properties and Charge Carrier Dynamics},
author = {Ghosh, Dibyajyoti and Acharya, Debdipto and Zhou, Liujiang and Nie, Wanyi and Prezhdo, Oleg V. and Tretiak, Sergei and Neukirch, Amanda J.},
abstractNote = {Hybrid halide perovskites frequently undergo structural expansion which significantly affects their electronic properties and in particular charge carrier dynamics. Various stimuli such as residual strain, light illumination, compositional engineering may deform the soft lattices of these materials. It is essential to atomistically model how geometric changes modify electronic characteristics important for applications such as light harvesting or lighting. Using ab initio simulations, here we investigate the structural dynamics and optoelectronic properties of FAPbI3 under tensile strain. The applied strain leads to elongation of the Pb-I bonds and a reduction of PbI6 octahedra tilting, which manifests as a blue-shifts in band gaps. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that charge carrier recombination rates moderately slow down in these expanded lattices. Complex influences of lattice dynamics on elastic and inelastic electron-phonon scattering results in longer carrier lifetime which is advantageous for efficient solar cells. By providing detailed information on the structure-property relationships, this work emphasizes the role of controlled lattice expansion on enhancing the electronic functionalities of hybrid perovskites.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02020},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},
number = 17,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Tue Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 46 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Effect of lattice expansion on structure of FAPbI3. Relative changes in (a) lattice volume, (b) averaged Pb-I bond lengths and (c) Pb-I-Pb angles averaged over three Cartesian planes. The corresponding absolute values are shown in SI, Fig. S4a-c.

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
journal, May 2009

  • Kojima, Akihiro; Teshima, Kenjiro; Shirai, Yasuo
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 17, p. 6050-6051
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja809598r

Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites
journal, October 2012


The emergence of perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2014

  • Green, Martin A.; Ho-Baillie, Anita; Snaith, Henry J.
  • Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 7, p. 506-514
  • DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2014.134

The light and shade of perovskite solar cells
journal, August 2014


Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity
journal, November 2014

  • Dou, Letian; Yang, Yang (Micheal); You, Jingbi
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6404

Highly narrowband perovskite single-crystal photodetectors enabled by surface-charge recombination
journal, August 2015


Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite
journal, August 2014

  • Tan, Zhi-Kuang; Moghaddam, Reza Saberi; Lai, May Ling
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.149

Perovskite energy funnels for efficient light-emitting diodes
journal, June 2016

  • Yuan, Mingjian; Quan, Li Na; Comin, Riccardo
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.110

Electron-Hole Diffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Absorber
journal, October 2013

  • Stranks, S. D.; Eperon, G. E.; Grancini, G.
  • Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6156, p. 341-344
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.1243982

Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel Optoelectronic Materials Showing Bright Emission with Wide Color Gamut
journal, February 2015

  • Protesescu, Loredana; Yakunin, Sergii; Bodnarchuk, Maryna I.
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl5048779

First-Principles Modeling of Defects in Lead Halide Perovskites: Best Practices and Open Issues
journal, August 2018


Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency
journal, January 2016

  • Saliba, Michael; Matsui, Taisuke; Seo, Ji-Youn
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03874J

A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells
journal, January 2016


Mixed A-Cation Perovskites for Solar Cells: Atomic-Scale Insights Into Structural Distortion, Hydrogen Bonding, and Electronic Properties
journal, July 2018


Halide Perovskites under Pressure: Accessing New Properties through Lattice Compression
journal, June 2017


Simultaneous band-gap narrowing and carrier-lifetime prolongation of organic–inorganic trihalide perovskites
journal, July 2016

  • Kong, Lingping; Liu, Gang; Gong, Jue
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609030113

Putting the Squeeze on Lead Iodide Perovskites: Pressure-Induced Effects To Tune Their Structural and Optoelectronic Behavior
journal, May 2019


Pressure-Induced Polymorphic, Optical, and Electronic Transitions of Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite
journal, April 2017

  • Wang, Pan; Guan, Jiwen; Galeschuk, Draven T. K.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00665

Light-induced lattice expansion leads to high-efficiency perovskite solar cells
journal, April 2018

  • Tsai, Hsinhan; Asadpour, Reza; Blancon, Jean-Christophe
  • Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6384
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8671

Photoinduced Lattice Symmetry Enhancement in Mixed Hybrid Perovskites and Its Beneficial Effect on the Recombination Behavior
journal, February 2019


Large guanidinium cation mixed with methylammonium in lead iodide perovskites for 19% efficient solar cells
journal, December 2017

  • Jodlowski, Alexander D.; Roldán-Carmona, Cristina; Grancini, Giulia
  • Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41560-017-0054-3

Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance and Thermal Stability of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite through Lattice Symmetrization
journal, December 2018

  • Shao, Feng; Qin, Peng; Wang, Dong
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 11, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17068

Globularity-Selected Large Molecules for a New Generation of Multication Perovskites
journal, August 2017

  • Gholipour, Somayeh; Ali, Abdollah Morteza; Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 38
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702005

Lattice strain causes non-radiative losses in halide perovskites
journal, January 2019

  • Jones, Timothy W.; Osherov, Anna; Alsari, Mejd
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/C8EE02751J

Strained hybrid perovskite thin films and their impact on the intrinsic stability of perovskite solar cells
journal, November 2017


Strain engineering in perovskite solar cells and its impacts on carrier dynamics
journal, February 2019


Engineering Stress in Perovskite Solar Cells to Improve Stability
journal, September 2018

  • Rolston, Nicholas; Bush, Kevin A.; Printz, Adam D.
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 29
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201802139

Impact of microstructure on local carrier lifetime in perovskite solar cells
journal, April 2015


Spatial and temporal imaging of long-range charge transport in perovskite thin films by ultrafast microscopy
journal, June 2015

  • Guo, Zhi; Manser, Joseph S.; Wan, Yan
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8471

Facet-dependent photovoltaic efficiency variations in single grains of hybrid halide perovskite
journal, July 2016


Tracking Photoexcited Carriers in Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors: Trap-Dominated Spatial Heterogeneity and Diffusion
journal, September 2017


Good Vibrations: Locking of Octahedral Tilting in Mixed-Cation Iodide Perovskites for Solar Cells
journal, September 2017


Lead-Free Perovskite Semiconductors Based on Germanium–Tin Solid Solutions: Structural and Optoelectronic Properties
journal, February 2018

  • Nagane, Satyawan; Ghosh, Dibyajyoti; Hoye, Robert L. Z.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00480

Polaron Stabilization by Cooperative Lattice Distortion and Cation Rotations in Hybrid Perovskite Materials
journal, May 2016


Geometry Distortion and Small Polaron Binding Energy Changes with Ionic Substitution in Halide Perovskites
journal, December 2018

  • Neukirch, Amanda J.; Abate, Iwnetim I.; Zhou, Liujiang
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03343

Excited-state vibrational dynamics toward the polaron in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite
journal, June 2018

  • Park, Myeongkee; Neukirch, Amanda J.; Reyes-Lillo, Sebastian E.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04946-7

High-efficiency two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2016

  • Tsai, Hsinhan; Nie, Wanyi; Blancon, Jean-Christophe
  • Nature, Vol. 536, Issue 7616
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature18306

Cation Alloying Delocalizes Polarons in Lead Halide Perovskites
journal, June 2019

  • Zhou, Liujiang; Katan, Claudine; Nie, Wanyi
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01077

Cubic or Orthorhombic? Revealing the Crystal Structure of Metastable Black-Phase CsPbI 3 by Theory and Experiment
journal, June 2018


Study of Local Structure in Selected Organic–Inorganic Perovskites in the Pmm Phase
journal, February 2008

  • Worhatch, Richard J.; Kim, HyunJeong; Swainson, Ian P.
  • Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/cm702668d

Reentrant Structural and Optical Properties and Large Positive Thermal Expansion in Perovskite Formamidinium Lead Iodide
journal, November 2016

  • Fabini, Douglas H.; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Laurita, Geneva
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 49
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609538

Cubic Perovskite Structure of Black Formamidinium Lead Iodide, α-[HC(NH 2 ) 2 ]PbI 3 , at 298 K
journal, July 2015

  • Weller, Mark T.; Weber, Oliver J.; Frost, Jarvist M.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01432

Importance of Spin–Orbit Coupling in Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications
journal, August 2013

  • Even, Jacky; Pedesseau, Laurent; Jancu, Jean-Marc
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1021/jz401532q

Tuning the Optical Properties of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by Anion Exchange Reactions
journal, August 2015

  • Akkerman, Quinten A.; D’Innocenzo, Valerio; Accornero, Sara
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05602

Progress on Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells with Mixed Cations and Halide Anions
journal, July 2017

  • Ono, Luis K.; Juarez-Perez, Emilio J.; Qi, Yabing
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06001

Anomalous Band Gap Behavior in Mixed Sn and Pb Perovskites Enables Broadening of Absorption Spectrum in Solar Cells
journal, May 2014

  • Hao, Feng; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Chang, Robert P. H.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja5033259

Perovskite-perovskite tandem photovoltaics with optimized band gaps
journal, October 2016


Enabling Flexible All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
journal, September 2019


Highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells through band alignment engineering
journal, January 2015

  • Correa Baena, Juan Pablo; Steier, Ludmilla; Tress, Wolfgang
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5EE02608C

Boosting the Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Self-Organized Polymeric Hole Extraction Layers with High Work Function
journal, August 2014

  • Lim, Kyung-Geun; Kim, Hak-Beom; Jeong, Jaeki
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401775

Entropic stabilization of mixed A-cation ABX 3 metal halide perovskites for high performance perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2016

  • Yi, Chenyi; Luo, Jingshan; Meloni, Simone
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03255E

Valence and conduction band tuning in halide perovskites for solar cell applications
journal, January 2016

  • Meloni, Simone; Palermo, Giulia; Ashari-Astani, Negar
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 41
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6TA04949D

Two-Dimensional CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 with High Efficiency and Superior Carrier Mobility: A Theoretical Study
journal, February 2019

  • Kumavat, Sandip R.; Sonvane, Yogesh; Singh, Deobrat
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 123, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11427

Crystal orbital Hamilton populations (COHP): energy-resolved visualization of chemical bonding in solids based on density-functional calculations
journal, August 1993

  • Dronskowski, Richard; Bloechl, Peter E.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 97, Issue 33
  • DOI: 10.1021/j100135a014

Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) Analysis As Projected from Plane-Wave Basis Sets
journal, June 2011

  • Deringer, Volker L.; Tchougréeff, Andrei L.; Dronskowski, Richard
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 115, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp202489s

Tunable ferroelectric polarization and its interplay with spin–orbit coupling in tin iodide perovskites
journal, December 2014

  • Stroppa, Alessandro; Di Sante, Domenico; Barone, Paolo
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6900

Structural fluctuations cause spin-split states in tetragonal (CH 3 NH 3 )PbI 3 as evidenced by the circular photogalvanic effect
journal, September 2018

  • Niesner, Daniel; Hauck, Martin; Shrestha, Shreetu
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 38
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805422115

Revealing the role of organic cations in hybrid halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3
journal, April 2015

  • Motta, Carlo; El-Mellouhi, Fedwa; Kais, Sabre
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8026

Control of Charge Recombination in Perovskites by Oxidation State of Halide Vacancy
journal, October 2018

  • Li, Wei; Sun, Yi-Yang; Li, Linqiu
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08448

Time-Domain ab Initio Analysis Rationalizes the Unusual Temperature Dependence of Charge Carrier Relaxation in Lead Halide Perovskite
journal, October 2018


Long Carrier Lifetimes in PbI 2 -Rich Perovskites Rationalized by Ab Initio Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics
journal, July 2018


The energy gap law for non-radiative decay in large molecules
journal, January 1970


Nonadiabatic charge dynamics in novel solar cell materials: Nonadiabatic charge dynamics in novel solar cell materials
journal, March 2017

  • Long, Run; Prezhdo, Oleg V.; Fang, Weihai
  • Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science, Vol. 7, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1305

Ab initiomolecular dynamics for liquid metals
journal, January 1993


Ab initio molecular-dynamics simulation of the liquid-metal–amorphous-semiconductor transition in germanium
journal, May 1994


From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method
journal, January 1999


Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996

  • Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias
  • Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865

Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations
journal, June 1976

  • Monkhorst, Hendrik J.; Pack, James D.
  • Physical Review B, Vol. 13, Issue 12, p. 5188-5192
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188

Vibrational Coupling between Organic and Inorganic Sublattices of Hybrid Perovskites
journal, September 2018

  • Grechko, Maksim; Bretschneider, Simon A.; Vietze, Laura
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 41
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806676

A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu
journal, April 2010

  • Grimme, Stefan; Antony, Jens; Ehrlich, Stephan
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 132, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3382344

Hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential
journal, May 2003

  • Heyd, Jochen; Scuseria, Gustavo E.; Ernzerhof, Matthias
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1564060

Decoherence-induced surface hopping
journal, December 2012

  • Jaeger, Heather M.; Fischer, Sean; Prezhdo, Oleg V.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 137, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4757100

Trajectory Surface Hopping in the Time-Dependent Kohn-Sham Approach for Electron-Nuclear Dynamics
journal, October 2005


Rapid Decoherence Suppresses Charge Recombination in Multi-Layer 2D Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis
journal, March 2018


Unravelling the Effects of Grain Boundary and Chemical Doping on Electron–Hole Recombination in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite by Time-Domain Atomistic Simulation
journal, March 2016

  • Long, Run; Liu, Jin; Prezhdo, Oleg V.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00645

Halide Composition Controls Electron–Hole Recombination in Cesium–Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Time Domain Ab Initio Study
journal, March 2018


The PYXAID Program for Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics in Condensed Matter Systems
journal, October 2013

  • Akimov, Alexey V.; Prezhdo, Oleg V.
  • Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, Vol. 9, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/ct400641n

Advanced Capabilities of the PYXAID Program: Integration Schemes, Decoherence Effects, Multiexcitonic States, and Field-Matter Interaction
journal, January 2014

  • Akimov, Alexey V.; Prezhdo, Oleg V.
  • Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, Vol. 10, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/ct400934c

Works referencing / citing this record:

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.