Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina
Abstract
Unraveling the relative impacts of climate, tectonics, and lithology on landscape evolution is complicated by the temporal and spatial scale over which observations are made. We use soil and desert pavement classification, longitudinal river profiles, 10Be–derived catchment mean modern and paleo–erosion rates, and vertical incision rates to test whether, if we restrict our analyses to a spatial scale over which climate is relatively invariant, tectonic and lithologic factors will dominate the late Quaternary landscape evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, NW Argentina. We find that the spatial distribution of erosion rates, normalized channel steepness indices, and concavity indices reflect active tectonics and lithologic resistance. Knickpoints are spatially coincident with tectonic and/or lithologic discontinuities, indicating local base–level control by faulting. Catchment mean erosion rates, ranging from 22.5 ± 2.6 to 121.9 ± 13.7 mm/kyr, and paleo–erosion rates, ranging from 56 +43/–19 to 105 +60/–33 mm/kyr, are similar, possibly suggesting that Quaternary climate changes have not had a strong enough influence on erosion rates to be detected using cosmogenic 10Be. However, punctuated abandonment of pediment and strath terraces at 43.6 +15.0/–11.6, 91.2 +54.2/–22.2, and 151 +92.7/–34.1 ka and disparities between vertical incision rates and catchment mean erosion rates could suggest periods ofmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[4]
- Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada)
- Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT (United States)
- Imperial College London, London (United Kingdom)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1558859
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-666920
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9003; 788396
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 124; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9003
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Eastern Cordillera; longitudinal river profile analysis; 10Be catchment mean erosion rates; landscape evolution; climate and tectonics
Citation Formats
McCarthy, James A., Schoenbohm, Lindsay M., Bierman, Paul R., Rood, Dylan, and Hidy, Alan J. Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1029/2019JF005091.
McCarthy, James A., Schoenbohm, Lindsay M., Bierman, Paul R., Rood, Dylan, & Hidy, Alan J. Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005091
McCarthy, James A., Schoenbohm, Lindsay M., Bierman, Paul R., Rood, Dylan, and Hidy, Alan J. Tue .
"Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005091. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1558859.
@article{osti_1558859,
title = {Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina},
author = {McCarthy, James A. and Schoenbohm, Lindsay M. and Bierman, Paul R. and Rood, Dylan and Hidy, Alan J.},
abstractNote = {Unraveling the relative impacts of climate, tectonics, and lithology on landscape evolution is complicated by the temporal and spatial scale over which observations are made. We use soil and desert pavement classification, longitudinal river profiles, 10Be–derived catchment mean modern and paleo–erosion rates, and vertical incision rates to test whether, if we restrict our analyses to a spatial scale over which climate is relatively invariant, tectonic and lithologic factors will dominate the late Quaternary landscape evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, NW Argentina. We find that the spatial distribution of erosion rates, normalized channel steepness indices, and concavity indices reflect active tectonics and lithologic resistance. Knickpoints are spatially coincident with tectonic and/or lithologic discontinuities, indicating local base–level control by faulting. Catchment mean erosion rates, ranging from 22.5 ± 2.6 to 121.9 ± 13.7 mm/kyr, and paleo–erosion rates, ranging from 56 +43/–19 to 105 +60/–33 mm/kyr, are similar, possibly suggesting that Quaternary climate changes have not had a strong enough influence on erosion rates to be detected using cosmogenic 10Be. However, punctuated abandonment of pediment and strath terraces at 43.6 +15.0/–11.6, 91.2 +54.2/–22.2, and 151 +92.7/–34.1 ka and disparities between vertical incision rates and catchment mean erosion rates could suggest periods of landscape transience, possibly reflecting climate cyclicity. Furthermore, our results emphasize the role of tectonic uplift and lithologic contrasts in shaping long–term erosion rates and channel morphology at the relatively local scale of the Calchaqui River Catchment, in contrast to regional–scale studies which find precipitation to exert the dominant control.},
doi = {10.1029/2019JF005091},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface},
number = ,
volume = 124,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {7}
}
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Figure 1: Composite digital elevation model and shaded relief map of the south central Andes indicating major tectonomorphic provinces. Thick black line delineates internally drained Puna Plateau from the externally drained Eastern Cordillera and Sierras Pampeanas. Black box shows the extent of Figure 2, the Pucará Valley, where field studiesmore »
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- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 242, Issue 3-4
River incision or diversion in response to bedrock uplift
journal, January 2000
- Humphrey, Neil F.; Konrad, Sarah K.
- Geology, Vol. 28, Issue 1
Long-profile evolution of transport-limited gravel-bed rivers
text, January 2019
- Wickert, Andrew D.; Schildgen, Taylor F.
- Universität Potsdam
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.