skip to main content
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

This content will become publicly available on August 21, 2020

Title: Study of argon assimilation into the post-disruption runaway electron plateau in DIII-D and comparison with a 1D diffusion model

Abstract

The assimilation of argon injected into post-disruption runaway electron (RE) plateaus is studied and compared to the vertical loss rate for vertically unstable RE plateaus. A 1D diffusion model is developed to include neutral diffusion and ionization and is used to help in data interpretation. It is found that the radial mixing time scale of argon ions (~0.05 s) is comparable to the vertical loss timescale. Neutral argon becomes the dominant Ar species in the RE plateau for large Ar numbers (> 3 x 10 21); at the same time the neutral Ar diffusivity decreases due to plasma cooling, causing a saturation in the assimilation of injected Ar on the vertical loss time scale. Injection of Ar into vertically unstable RE plateaus in DIII-D does increase the vertical loss rate, as predicted by previous modeling of ITER. Furthermore, there is a decreasing trend in RE current at the wall strike as the Ar quantity is turned up or as the Ar is injected earlier, indicating a decrease in RE energy deposited to the wall.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [2];  [5]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1];  [5]; ORCiD logo [3] more »; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  2. General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  4. Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX (United States)
  5. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Dept. of Energy (DOE), Washington DC (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-24)
OSTI Identifier:
1558491
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1569026
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; FC02-04ER54698
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nuclear Fusion
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 59; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5515
Publisher:
IOP Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats

Hollmann, E. M., Eidietis, N. W., Herfindal, Jeffrey L., Parks, P. B., Pigarov, A. Y., Shiraki, Daisuke, Austin, M. E., Bardoczi, L., Baylor, Larry, Bykov, Igor, Carlstrom, T. N., Kaplan, David, Lasnier, C. J., Lvovskiy, Andreas, Moser, Auna, Moyer, Richard A., Paz-Soldan, Carlos, Rudakov, D. L., Samuell, Cameron, Shafer, Morgan W., Van Zeeland, M., Welander, A., and Wilcox, Robert. Study of argon assimilation into the post-disruption runaway electron plateau in DIII-D and comparison with a 1D diffusion model. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab32b2.
Copy to clipboard
Hollmann, E. M., Eidietis, N. W., Herfindal, Jeffrey L., Parks, P. B., Pigarov, A. Y., Shiraki, Daisuke, Austin, M. E., Bardoczi, L., Baylor, Larry, Bykov, Igor, Carlstrom, T. N., Kaplan, David, Lasnier, C. J., Lvovskiy, Andreas, Moser, Auna, Moyer, Richard A., Paz-Soldan, Carlos, Rudakov, D. L., Samuell, Cameron, Shafer, Morgan W., Van Zeeland, M., Welander, A., & Wilcox, Robert. Study of argon assimilation into the post-disruption runaway electron plateau in DIII-D and comparison with a 1D diffusion model. United States. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab32b2.
Copy to clipboard
Hollmann, E. M., Eidietis, N. W., Herfindal, Jeffrey L., Parks, P. B., Pigarov, A. Y., Shiraki, Daisuke, Austin, M. E., Bardoczi, L., Baylor, Larry, Bykov, Igor, Carlstrom, T. N., Kaplan, David, Lasnier, C. J., Lvovskiy, Andreas, Moser, Auna, Moyer, Richard A., Paz-Soldan, Carlos, Rudakov, D. L., Samuell, Cameron, Shafer, Morgan W., Van Zeeland, M., Welander, A., and Wilcox, Robert. Wed . "Study of argon assimilation into the post-disruption runaway electron plateau in DIII-D and comparison with a 1D diffusion model". United States. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab32b2.
Copy to clipboard
@article{osti_1558491,
title = {Study of argon assimilation into the post-disruption runaway electron plateau in DIII-D and comparison with a 1D diffusion model},
author = {Hollmann, E. M. and Eidietis, N. W. and Herfindal, Jeffrey L. and Parks, P. B. and Pigarov, A. Y. and Shiraki, Daisuke and Austin, M. E. and Bardoczi, L. and Baylor, Larry and Bykov, Igor and Carlstrom, T. N. and Kaplan, David and Lasnier, C. J. and Lvovskiy, Andreas and Moser, Auna and Moyer, Richard A. and Paz-Soldan, Carlos and Rudakov, D. L. and Samuell, Cameron and Shafer, Morgan W. and Van Zeeland, M. and Welander, A. and Wilcox, Robert},
abstractNote = {The assimilation of argon injected into post-disruption runaway electron (RE) plateaus is studied and compared to the vertical loss rate for vertically unstable RE plateaus. A 1D diffusion model is developed to include neutral diffusion and ionization and is used to help in data interpretation. It is found that the radial mixing time scale of argon ions (~0.05 s) is comparable to the vertical loss timescale. Neutral argon becomes the dominant Ar species in the RE plateau for large Ar numbers (> 3 x 1021); at the same time the neutral Ar diffusivity decreases due to plasma cooling, causing a saturation in the assimilation of injected Ar on the vertical loss time scale. Injection of Ar into vertically unstable RE plateaus in DIII-D does increase the vertical loss rate, as predicted by previous modeling of ITER. Furthermore, there is a decreasing trend in RE current at the wall strike as the Ar quantity is turned up or as the Ar is injected earlier, indicating a decrease in RE energy deposited to the wall.},
doi = {10.1088/1741-4326/ab32b2},
journal = {Nuclear Fusion},
number = 10,
volume = 59,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {8}
}
Copy to clipboard
Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
This content will become publicly available on August 21, 2020
Publisher's Version of Record
DOI:  10.1088/1741-4326/ab32b2
Copyright Statement
Other availability
Search WorldCat Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save / Share:
Export Metadata
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.

Works referenced in this record:

Runaway electron damage to the Tore Supra Phase III outboard pump limiter
journal, February 1997

Chapter 3: MHD stability, operational limits and disruptions
journal, June 2007

Status of research toward the ITER disruption mitigation system
journal, November 2014

  • Hollmann, E. M.; Aleynikov, P. B.; Fülöp, T.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4901251

Control and dissipation of runaway electron beams created during rapid shutdown experiments in DIII-D
journal, July 2013

Disruptions in ITER and strategies for their control and mitigation
journal, August 2015

A design retrospective of the DIII-D tokamak
journal, May 2002

A method for evaluations on the radiation trapping in an inductively coupled plasma in argon
journal, December 2009

  • Scharwitz, Christian; Makabe, Toshiaki
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 106, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3262566

Transport mechanisms of metastable and resonance atoms in a gas discharge plasma
journal, February 2013

Determination of the optical escape factor in the He I line intensity ratio technique applied for weakly ionized plasmas
journal, April 2007

Measurements on the particle balance in diverted ASDEX discharges
journal, May 1984

Ionization state, excited populations and emission of impurities in dynamic finite density plasmas: I. The generalized collisional–radiative model for light elements
journal, January 2006

  • Summers, H. P.; Dickson, W. J.; O'Mullane, M. G.
  • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/48/2/007

Effect of applied toroidal electric field on the growth/decay of plateau-phase runaway electron currents in DIII-D
journal, September 2011

Experiments to measure hydrogen release from graphite walls during disruptions in DIII-D
journal, June 2009

Theory for avalanche of runaway electrons in tokamaks
journal, October 1997

Stellarator and tokamak plasmas: a comparison
journal, November 2012

Dynamic Models for Plasma-Wall Interactions
journal, June 2012

  • Pigarov, A. Yu.; Krstic, P.; Krasheninnikov, S. I.
  • Contributions to Plasma Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 5-6
  • DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.201210035

Gaseous Diffusion Coefficients
journal, January 1972

  • Marrero, T. R.; Mason, E. A.
  • Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 1, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3253094

Collision Cross Sections of Hydrogen and of Deuterium
journal, December 1950

  • Amdur, I.; Kells, M. C.; Davenport, D. E.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1747561

Collisions of H+, H2+, H3+, ArH+, H−, H, and H2 with Ar and of Ar+ and ArH+ with H2 for Energies from 0.1 eV to 10 keV
journal, July 1992

  • Phelps, A. V.
  • Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 21, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.555917

On Ambipolar Diffusion in H i Regions.
journal, July 1961

  • Osterbrock, Donald E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 134
  • DOI: 10.1086/147155

Deuterium atomic cross section uncertainties and molecular recycling effects in the divertor region of tokamaks
journal, March 1997

  • Thomas, E. W.; Stacey, W. M.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 4, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.872150

Kinetic Description of Elastic Processes in Hydrogen-Helium Plasmas
journal, January 1995

Application of the collisional-radiative, atomic-molecular model to the recombining divertor plasma
journal, November 1996

Evaluated Bimolecular Ion‐Molecule Gas Phase Kinetics of Positive Ions for Use in Modeling Planetary Atmospheres, Cometary Comae, and Interstellar Clouds
journal, November 1993

  • Anicich, Vincent G.
  • Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 22, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.555940

Electron-capture cross sections for low-energy highly charged neon and argon ions from molecular and atomic hydrogen
journal, January 1985

Cretin—a radiative transfer capability for laboratory plasmas
journal, October 2001

An improved crossed-beams technique for the measurement of absolute cross sections for electron impact ionisations of ions and its application to Ar + ions
journal, July 1985

  • Muller, A.; Huber, K.; Tinschert, K.
  • Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/18/14/022

Dissociative recombination of rare gas hydride ions: II. ArH +
journal, May 2005

  • Mitchell, J. B. A.; Novotny, O.; LeGarrec, J. L.
  • Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/38/10/L07

Spectroscopic measurement of atomic and molecular deuterium fluxes in the DIII-D plasma edge
journal, July 2006

  • Hollmann, E. M.; Brezinsek, S.; Brooks, N. H.
  • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/48/8/009

Ionization Cross Sections of Gaseous Atoms and Molecules for High-Energy Electrons and Positrons
journal, October 1972

Positron-Electron Differences in Energy Loss and Multiple Scattering
journal, January 1954

Multi-ionization of neon, argon, and xenon and their ions by high-energy-electron impact
journal, June 1974

The relation between ionization yields, cross sections and loss functions
journal, November 1968

  • Peterson, L. R.; Green, A. E. S.
  • Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, Vol. 1, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/1/6/317

Cross Sections for Inner-Shell Ionization by Electron Impact
journal, March 2014

  • Llovet, Xavier; Powell, Cedric J.; Salvat, Francesc
  • Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 43, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4832851

Stopping power and range of energetic electrons in dense plasmas of fast-ignition fusion targets
journal, January 2008

  • Solodov, A. A.; Betti, R.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2903890

Molecular Hydrogen in Star‐forming Regions: Implementation of its Microphysics in CLOUDY
journal, May 2005

  • Shaw, G.; Ferland, G. J.; Abel, N. P.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 624, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/429215

Measurement and modeling of hydrogen molecule ro-vibrational accommodation on E-294 polycrystalline graphite
journal, September 2008

Momentum–space structure of relativistic runaway electrons
journal, June 1998

  • Martı́n-Solı́s, J. R.; Alvarez, J. D.; Sánchez, R.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 5, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.872911

Measurement of runaway electron energy distribution function during high-Z gas injection into runaway electron plateaus in DIII-Da)
journal, May 2015

  • Hollmann, E. M.; Parks, P. B.; Commaux, N.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4921149

Coupled plasma–wall modeling
journal, June 2009

Zur Theorie des Durchgangs schneller Elektronen durch Materie
journal, January 1932

Study of Z scaling of runaway electron plateau final loss energy deposition into wall of DIII-D
journal, June 2017

  • Hollmann, E. M.; Commaux, N.; Eidietis, N. W.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4985086

Role of Kinetic Instability in Runaway-Electron Avalanches and Elevated Critical Electric Fields
journal, June 2018

Resolving runaway electron distributions in space, time, and energy
journal, May 2018

  • Paz-Soldan, C.; Cooper, C. M.; Aleynikov, P.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5024223

Kink instabilities of the post-disruption runaway electron beam at low safety factor
journal, March 2019

  • Paz-Soldan, C.; Eidietis, N. W.; Liu, Y. Q.
  • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/aafd15

Damping of relativistic electron beams by synchrotron radiation
journal, December 2001

  • Andersson, F.; Helander, P.; Eriksson, L. -G.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 8, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1418242

Theory of Two Threshold Fields for Relativistic Runaway Electrons
journal, April 2015

Resonant charge exchange at low velocities
journal, February 1976

  • Hodgkinson, D. P.; Briggs, J. S.
  • Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/9/2/013

Calculation of charge-changing cross-sections of ions or atoms colliding with fast ions using the classical trajectory method
journal, July 2009

  • Kaganovich, I. D.; Shnidman, Ariel; Mebane, Harrison
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 606, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2009.03.084
    [ × clear filter / sort ]

    Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections: