The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels

Moreno-Blanco, Julio; Petitpas, Guillaume; Espinosa-Loza, Francisco; Elizalde-Blancas, Francisco; Martinez-Frias, Joel; Aceves, Salvador M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.189

Title: The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels

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Abstract

Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage promises to deliver the highest system storage density leading to practical vehicles with range comparable to today's gasoline vehicles and fundamental cost and safety advantages. Yet, cryogenic vessels are complex systems, continuously drifting in thermodynamic space depending on use patterns, insulation performance, vessel characteristics, liquid hydrogen pump performance, and para-H₂ to ortho-H₂ conversion. In this paper, cryogenic vessel fill density results from a previous publication are extended to calculate system storage performance, including volumetric (gH₂/L), gravimetric (H₂ weight fraction), and vent losses over a broad range of conditions. The results validate previous experiments and models indicating that cryogenic pressure vessels have maximum system density of all available storage technologies while avoiding vent losses in all but the most extreme situations. Design pressures in the range 250–350 bar seem most advantageous due to high system density and low weight and cost, although determining an optimum pressure demands a complete economic and functional analysis. Future insulation, vessel, and liquid hydrogen pump improvements are finally analyzed that, while not experimentally exhibited to date, show promise of being feasible in the future as their level of technical maturity increases, leading to maximum H₂ storage performance for cryo-compressed storage. If proven feasiblemore »« less

Authors:

Moreno-Blanco, Julio ^[1]; Petitpas, Guillaume ^[2]; Espinosa-Loza, Francisco ^[2]; Elizalde-Blancas, Francisco ^[3]; Martinez-Frias, Joel ^[4];

^[2]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of Guanajuato (Mexico)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Guanajuato (Mexico)
Worthington Industries, Pomona, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu May 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1558334

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-752788
Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199; 939238

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 44; Journal Issue: 31; Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 13 HYDRO ENERGY; 08 HYDROGEN; Cryo-compressed; Storage density; Para-ortho conversion; Vent losses; Liquid hydrogen pump; Refueling

Citation Formats


                    Moreno-Blanco, Julio, Petitpas, Guillaume, Espinosa-Loza, Francisco, Elizalde-Blancas, Francisco, Martinez-Frias, Joel, and Aceves, Salvador M. The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.189.

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                    Moreno-Blanco, Julio, Petitpas, Guillaume, Espinosa-Loza, Francisco, Elizalde-Blancas, Francisco, Martinez-Frias, Joel, & Aceves, Salvador M. The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.189

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                    Moreno-Blanco, Julio, Petitpas, Guillaume, Espinosa-Loza, Francisco, Elizalde-Blancas, Francisco, Martinez-Frias, Joel, and Aceves, Salvador M. Thu .  
"The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.189.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1558334.

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@article{osti_1558334,

  title        = {The storage performance of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels},

  author       = {Moreno-Blanco, Julio and Petitpas, Guillaume and Espinosa-Loza, Francisco and Elizalde-Blancas, Francisco and Martinez-Frias, Joel and Aceves, Salvador M.},

  abstractNote = {Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage promises to deliver the highest system storage density leading to practical vehicles with range comparable to today's gasoline vehicles and fundamental cost and safety advantages. Yet, cryogenic vessels are complex systems, continuously drifting in thermodynamic space depending on use patterns, insulation performance, vessel characteristics, liquid hydrogen pump performance, and para-H2 to ortho-H2 conversion. In this paper, cryogenic vessel fill density results from a previous publication are extended to calculate system storage performance, including volumetric (gH2/L), gravimetric (H2 weight fraction), and vent losses over a broad range of conditions. The results validate previous experiments and models indicating that cryogenic pressure vessels have maximum system density of all available storage technologies while avoiding vent losses in all but the most extreme situations. Design pressures in the range 250–350 bar seem most advantageous due to high system density and low weight and cost, although determining an optimum pressure demands a complete economic and functional analysis. Future insulation, vessel, and liquid hydrogen pump improvements are finally analyzed that, while not experimentally exhibited to date, show promise of being feasible in the future as their level of technical maturity increases, leading to maximum H2 storage performance for cryo-compressed storage. If proven feasible and incorporated into future cryogenic vessels, these improvements will enable 50 + gH2/L system density at 10+% H2 weight fraction.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.189},

  journal      = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},

  number       = 31,

  volume       = 44,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu May 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Thu May 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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