Title: The fill density of automotive cryo-compressed hydrogen vessels

Journal Article · · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of Guanajuato (Mexico)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Guanajuato (Mexico)
  4. Worthington Industries, Pomona, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage promises to deliver highest system storage density leading to fundamental cost and safety advantages. Yet, cryogenic vessels are complex systems, continuously drifting in thermodynamic space depending on use patterns, insulation performance, vessel characteristics, liquid hydrogen pump performance, and para-H2 to ortho-H2 conversion. This paper reflects a comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting cryogenic vessel fill density, in an effort to evaluate system performance vs. operational parameters over a broad range of conditions. The results validate previous experiments and models indicating that cryogenic vessels have maximum fill density of all available storage technologies, and fill density is most sensitive to daily driving distance and insulation performance. It is lastly predicted that para-H2 to ortho-H2 conversion will affect most automobiles, increasing fill density by up to 5.3%. In a future world dominated by cryogenic H2 fueled vehicles, para-H2 to ortho-H2 conversion inside the vessel will be the closest contact an average person will have with quantum mechanics outside of consumer electronics.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1558327
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL--757653; 944258
Journal Information:
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Name: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 44; ISSN 0360-3199
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Hydrogen Storage for Mobility: A Review journal June 2019

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