CMAS behavior of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings
Abstract
Calcium magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) that is formed from the ingested deposits in gas turbines degrades thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), especially for the most widely used material; yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). In the present work, we examine the behavior of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) as an alternative material for TBCs. CMAS interaction studies were conducted by making composite pellets of YAG-CMAS and YSZ-CMAS powders. These pellets, after being subjected to heat treatment between 1100 °C and 1500 °C were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which showed YAG to be almost inert to CMAS whereas YSZ exhibited significant phase changes. To test the behavior of TBCs with YAG and 8YSZ as the topcoat material in a CMAS environment, cyclic furnace tests were conducted in which a controlled amount of CMAS was applied and then the samples were cycled to failure. In addition, to simulate the continuous accumulation of CMAS expected in service, a cyclic furnace test was devised in which a small dose of aqueous solution of CMAS was applied on TBC specimens at the start of every cycle until the samples were cycled to failure. In all these tests YAG TBCs outperformed YSZmore »
- Authors:
-
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States)
- HiFunda LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- HiFunda LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1538860
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1549815
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0007544
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Surface and Coatings Technology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 327; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0257-8972
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Materials Science; Physics; Thermal barrier coatings; Yttrium aluminum garnet; CMAS resistance; Optical basicity; Solution precursor plasma spray
Citation Formats
Kumar, Rishi, Jordan, Eric, Gell, Maurice, Roth, Jeffrey, Jiang, Chen, Wang, Jiwen, and Rommel, Sarshad. CMAS behavior of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.023.
Kumar, Rishi, Jordan, Eric, Gell, Maurice, Roth, Jeffrey, Jiang, Chen, Wang, Jiwen, & Rommel, Sarshad. CMAS behavior of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.023
Kumar, Rishi, Jordan, Eric, Gell, Maurice, Roth, Jeffrey, Jiang, Chen, Wang, Jiwen, and Rommel, Sarshad. Wed .
"CMAS behavior of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.023. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1538860.
@article{osti_1538860,
title = {CMAS behavior of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings},
author = {Kumar, Rishi and Jordan, Eric and Gell, Maurice and Roth, Jeffrey and Jiang, Chen and Wang, Jiwen and Rommel, Sarshad},
abstractNote = {Calcium magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) that is formed from the ingested deposits in gas turbines degrades thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), especially for the most widely used material; yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). In the present work, we examine the behavior of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) as an alternative material for TBCs. CMAS interaction studies were conducted by making composite pellets of YAG-CMAS and YSZ-CMAS powders. These pellets, after being subjected to heat treatment between 1100 °C and 1500 °C were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which showed YAG to be almost inert to CMAS whereas YSZ exhibited significant phase changes. To test the behavior of TBCs with YAG and 8YSZ as the topcoat material in a CMAS environment, cyclic furnace tests were conducted in which a controlled amount of CMAS was applied and then the samples were cycled to failure. In addition, to simulate the continuous accumulation of CMAS expected in service, a cyclic furnace test was devised in which a small dose of aqueous solution of CMAS was applied on TBC specimens at the start of every cycle until the samples were cycled to failure. In all these tests YAG TBCs outperformed YSZ in terms of durability. In conclusion, the mechanisms of CMAS attack are described and the relative resistance of YAG and YSZ is shown to be consistent with the Optical Basicity (OB) theory.},
doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.023},
journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
number = C,
volume = 327,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Thermal Barrier Coatings for Gas-Turbine Engine Applications
journal, April 2002
- Padture, N. P.
- Science, Vol. 296, Issue 5566
Thermal barrier coatings for aircraft engines: history and directions
journal, March 1997
- Miller, R. A.
- Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Recent Developments in the Field of Thermal Barrier Coatings
journal, March 2009
- Vassen, Robert; Stuke, Alexandra; Stöver, Detlev
- Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Mechanisms controlling the durability of thermal barrier coatings
journal, January 2001
- Evans, A. G.; Mumm, D. R.; Hutchinson, J. W.
- Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 46, Issue 5
A delamination mechanism for thermal barrier coatings subject to calcium–magnesium–alumino-silicate (CMAS) infiltration
journal, February 2005
- Mercer, C.; Faulhaber, S.; Evans, A. G.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 53, Issue 4
Mechanisms of cracking and delamination within thick thermal barrier systems in aero-engines subject to calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS) penetration
journal, August 2008
- Krämer, S.; Faulhaber, S.; Chambers, M.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 490, Issue 1-2
Thermochemical Interaction of Thermal Barrier Coatings with Molten CaO?MgO?Al 2 O 3 ?SiO 2 (CMAS) Deposits
journal, October 2006
- Krämer, Stephan; Yang, James; Levi, Carlos G.
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 89, Issue 10
Novel thermal barrier coatings that are resistant to high-temperature attack by glassy deposits
journal, December 2007
- Aygun, Aysegul; Vasiliev, Alexander L.; Padture, Nitin P.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 55, Issue 20
Role of environment deposits and operating surface temperature in spallation of air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings
journal, December 1996
- Borom, Marcus P.; Johnson, Curtis A.; Peluso, Louis A.
- Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 86-87
Failure of Thermal Barrier Coatings Subjected to CMAS Attack
journal, July 2009
- Li, L.; Hitchman, N.; Knapp, J.
- Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 1-2
Overview on advanced thermal barrier coatings
journal, November 2010
- Vaßen, Robert; Jarligo, Maria Ophelia; Steinke, Tanja
- Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 205, Issue 4
Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings: New Materials, Processing Issues, and Solutions
journal, February 2013
- Mauer, Georg; Jarligo, Maria Ophelia; Mack, Daniel Emil
- Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Low Thermal Conductivity in Garnets
journal, April 1997
- Padture, Nitin P.; Klemens, Paul G.
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 80, Issue 4
Thermal barrier coating materials
journal, June 2005
- Clarke, David R.; Phillpot, Simon R.
- Materials Today, Vol. 8, Issue 6
Gadolinium Zirconate/YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings: Plasma Spraying, Microstructure, and Thermal Cycling Behavior
journal, September 2014
- Bakan, Emine; Mack, Daniel E.; Mauer, Georg
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 97, Issue 12
Phase diagram of the ZrO2–Gd2O3–Al2O3 system
journal, January 2006
- Lakiza, S.; Fabrichnaya, O.; Wang, Ch.
- Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 26, Issue 3
Infiltration-Inhibiting Reaction of Gadolinium Zirconate Thermal Barrier Coatings with CMAS Melts
journal, February 2008
- Krämer, Stephan; Yang, James; Levi, Carlos G.
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 91, Issue 2
Thermochemical compatibility between alumina and ZrO2–GdO3/2 thermal barrier coatings
journal, June 2005
- Leckie, R. M.; Krämer, S.; Rühle, M.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 53, Issue 11
Fracture Toughness of Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Ceramics: Influence of Processing, Microstructure, and Thermal Aging
journal, June 2014
- Dwivedi, Gopal; Viswanathan, Vaishak; Sampath, Sanjay
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 97, Issue 9
Thermal Conductivity, Phase Stability, and Oxidation Resistance of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG)/Y 2 O 3 –ZrO 2 (YSZ) Thermal-Barrier Coatings
journal, April 2004
- Su, Y. J.; Trice, R. W.; Faber, K. T.
- Oxidation of Metals, Vol. 61, Issue 3/4
2ZrO 2 ·Y 2 O 3 Thermal Barrier Coatings Resistant to Degradation by Molten CMAS: Part II, Interactions with Sand and Fly Ash
journal, September 2014
- Krause, Amanda R.; Garces, Hector F.; Senturk, Bilge S.
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 97, Issue 12
2ZrO 2 ·Y 2 O 3 Thermal Barrier Coatings Resistant to Degradation by Molten CMAS: Part I, Optical Basicity Considerations and Processing
journal, September 2014
- Krause, Amanda R.; Senturk, Bilge S.; Garces, Hector F.
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 97, Issue 12
Composition effects of thermal barrier coating ceramics on their interaction with molten Ca–Mg–Al–silicate (CMAS) glass
journal, September 2012
- Drexler, Julie M.; Ortiz, Angel L.; Padture, Nitin P.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 15
A novel test approach for plasma-sprayed coatings tested simultaneously under CMAS and thermal gradient cycling conditions
journal, December 2010
- Steinke, Tanja; Sebold, Doris; Mack, Daniel E.
- Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 205, Issue 7
CMAS corrosion of EB PVD TBCs: Identifying the minimum level to initiate damage
journal, January 2010
- Wellman, R.; Whitman, G.; Nicholls, J. R.
- International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 1
High temperature viscosity of calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate glass from synthetic sand
journal, November 2016
- Wiesner, Valerie L.; Vempati, Udaya K.; Bansal, Narottam P.
- Scripta Materialia, Vol. 124
Double-Layer Gadolinium Zirconate/Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited by the Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Process
journal, July 2015
- Jiang, Chen; Jordan, Eric H.; Harris, Alan B.
- Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 6
Tailoring the EB-PVD columnar microstructure to mitigate the infiltration of CMAS in 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings
journal, January 2017
- Naraparaju, R.; Hüttermann, M.; Schulz, U.
- Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 37, Issue 1
Optical Basicity: A Practical Acid-Base Theory for Oxides and Oxyanions
journal, December 1996
- Duffy, J. A.
- Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 73, Issue 12