Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization
Abstract
In this work, we detail a previously unappreciated loss mechanism inherent to capacitive deionization (CDI) cycling operation that has a substantial role determining performance. This mechanism reflects the fact that desalinated water inside a cell is partially lost to re-salination if desorption is carried out immediately after adsorption. We describe such effects by a parameter called the flow efficiency, and show that this efficiency is distinct from and yet multiplicative with other highly-studied adsorption efficiencies. Flow losses can be minimized by flowing more feed solution through the cell during desalination; however, this also results in less effluent concentration reduction. While the rationale outlined here is applicable to all CDI cell architectures that rely on cycling, we validate our model with a flow-through electrode CDI device operated in constant-current mode. We find excellent agreement between flow efficiency model predictions and experimental results, thus giving researchers simple equations by which they can estimate this distinct loss process for their operation.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1769171
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1549028
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-732624
Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1354; 884206
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; 15-ERD-068
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Water Research
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 129; Journal Issue: na; Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1354
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; materials science; capacitive desalination; capacitive deionization; CDI; flow efficiency
Citation Formats
Hawks, Steven A., Knipe, Jennifer M., Campbell, Patrick G., Loeb, Colin K., Hubert, McKenzie A., Santiago, Juan G., and Stadermann, Michael. Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.025.
Hawks, Steven A., Knipe, Jennifer M., Campbell, Patrick G., Loeb, Colin K., Hubert, McKenzie A., Santiago, Juan G., & Stadermann, Michael. Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.025
Hawks, Steven A., Knipe, Jennifer M., Campbell, Patrick G., Loeb, Colin K., Hubert, McKenzie A., Santiago, Juan G., and Stadermann, Michael. Sat .
"Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.025. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1769171.
@article{osti_1769171,
title = {Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization},
author = {Hawks, Steven A. and Knipe, Jennifer M. and Campbell, Patrick G. and Loeb, Colin K. and Hubert, McKenzie A. and Santiago, Juan G. and Stadermann, Michael},
abstractNote = {In this work, we detail a previously unappreciated loss mechanism inherent to capacitive deionization (CDI) cycling operation that has a substantial role determining performance. This mechanism reflects the fact that desalinated water inside a cell is partially lost to re-salination if desorption is carried out immediately after adsorption. We describe such effects by a parameter called the flow efficiency, and show that this efficiency is distinct from and yet multiplicative with other highly-studied adsorption efficiencies. Flow losses can be minimized by flowing more feed solution through the cell during desalination; however, this also results in less effluent concentration reduction. While the rationale outlined here is applicable to all CDI cell architectures that rely on cycling, we validate our model with a flow-through electrode CDI device operated in constant-current mode. We find excellent agreement between flow efficiency model predictions and experimental results, thus giving researchers simple equations by which they can estimate this distinct loss process for their operation.},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.025},
journal = {Water Research},
number = na,
volume = 129,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Sat Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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