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Title: The purported square ice in bilayer graphene is a nanoscale, monolayer object

Abstract

The phase diagram of water is complex, and interfacial effects can stabilize unusual structures at the nanoscale. In this paper, we employ bond order accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to show that upon encapsulation within bilayer graphene, water can spontaneously adopt a two-dimensional (monomolecular) layer of “square ice” at ambient conditions, instead of an encapsulated water droplet. Free energy calculations show that this motif is thermodynamically stable up to diameters of approximately 15 nm due to enhanced hydrogen bonding and favorable binding to the graphene sheets. Entropic losses due to solidification and reduced graphene–graphene binding enthalpy are opposing thermodynamic forces that conspire to limit the maximum size, but modification of any of these thermodynamic factors should change the range of stability. Finally, simulated core-level spectroscopy reveals unambiguous orientation dependent signatures of square ice that should be discernable in experiments.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1546948
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1526787
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231; NA0001982; EERE Bridge Project No. 25860
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Chemical Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 150; Journal Issue: 23; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9606
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Pascal, Tod A., Schwartz, Craig P., Lawler, Keith V., and Prendergast, David. The purported square ice in bilayer graphene is a nanoscale, monolayer object. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5109468.
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Pascal, Tod A., Schwartz, Craig P., Lawler, Keith V., & Prendergast, David. The purported square ice in bilayer graphene is a nanoscale, monolayer object. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5109468
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Pascal, Tod A., Schwartz, Craig P., Lawler, Keith V., and Prendergast, David. Tue . "The purported square ice in bilayer graphene is a nanoscale, monolayer object". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5109468. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1546948.
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@article{osti_1546948,
title = {The purported square ice in bilayer graphene is a nanoscale, monolayer object},
author = {Pascal, Tod A. and Schwartz, Craig P. and Lawler, Keith V. and Prendergast, David},
abstractNote = {The phase diagram of water is complex, and interfacial effects can stabilize unusual structures at the nanoscale. In this paper, we employ bond order accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to show that upon encapsulation within bilayer graphene, water can spontaneously adopt a two-dimensional (monomolecular) layer of “square ice” at ambient conditions, instead of an encapsulated water droplet. Free energy calculations show that this motif is thermodynamically stable up to diameters of approximately 15 nm due to enhanced hydrogen bonding and favorable binding to the graphene sheets. Entropic losses due to solidification and reduced graphene–graphene binding enthalpy are opposing thermodynamic forces that conspire to limit the maximum size, but modification of any of these thermodynamic factors should change the range of stability. Finally, simulated core-level spectroscopy reveals unambiguous orientation dependent signatures of square ice that should be discernable in experiments.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5109468},
journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
number = 23,
volume = 150,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {6}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5109468
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