Exploring strong-field deviations from general relativity via gravitational waves
Abstract
Two new observational windows have been opened to strong gravitational physics: gravitational waves, and very long baseline interferometry. This suggests observational searches for new phenomena in this regime, and in particular for those necessary to make black hole evolution consistent with quantum mechanics. We describe possible features of “compact quantum objects” that replace classical black holes in a consistent quantum theory, and approaches to observational tests for these using gravitational waves. This is an example of a more general problem of finding consistent descriptions of deviations from general relativity, which can be tested via gravitational wave detection. Simple models for compact modifications to classical black holes are described via an effective stress tensor, possibly with an effective equation of state. A general discussion is given of possible observational signatures, and of their dependence on properties of the colliding objects. The possibility that departures from classical behavior are restricted to the near-horizon regime raises the question of whether these will be obscured in gravitational wave signals, due to their mutual interaction in a binary coalescence being deep in the mutual gravitational well. Numerical simulation with such simple models will be useful to clarify the sensitivity of gravitational wave observation to suchmore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1546846
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1600675; OSTI ID: 1777265
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0011702; SC0014129; PHY-1801805
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review D
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Volume: 100 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Gravitational wave sources; Quantum aspects of black holes
Citation Formats
Giddings, Steven B., Koren, Seth, and Treviño, Gabriel. Exploring strong-field deviations from general relativity via gravitational waves. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044005.
Giddings, Steven B., Koren, Seth, & Treviño, Gabriel. Exploring strong-field deviations from general relativity via gravitational waves. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044005
Giddings, Steven B., Koren, Seth, and Treviño, Gabriel. Fri .
"Exploring strong-field deviations from general relativity via gravitational waves". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044005.
@article{osti_1546846,
title = {Exploring strong-field deviations from general relativity via gravitational waves},
author = {Giddings, Steven B. and Koren, Seth and Treviño, Gabriel},
abstractNote = {Two new observational windows have been opened to strong gravitational physics: gravitational waves, and very long baseline interferometry. This suggests observational searches for new phenomena in this regime, and in particular for those necessary to make black hole evolution consistent with quantum mechanics. We describe possible features of “compact quantum objects” that replace classical black holes in a consistent quantum theory, and approaches to observational tests for these using gravitational waves. This is an example of a more general problem of finding consistent descriptions of deviations from general relativity, which can be tested via gravitational wave detection. Simple models for compact modifications to classical black holes are described via an effective stress tensor, possibly with an effective equation of state. A general discussion is given of possible observational signatures, and of their dependence on properties of the colliding objects. The possibility that departures from classical behavior are restricted to the near-horizon regime raises the question of whether these will be obscured in gravitational wave signals, due to their mutual interaction in a binary coalescence being deep in the mutual gravitational well. Numerical simulation with such simple models will be useful to clarify the sensitivity of gravitational wave observation to such highly compact departures from classical black holes.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044005},
journal = {Physical Review D},
number = 4,
volume = 100,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {8}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044005
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044005
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 5 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Hunting for dark particles with gravitational waves
journal, October 2016
- Giudice, Gian F.; McCullough, Matthew; Urbano, Alfredo
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2016, Issue 10
Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement
journal, June 2010
- Van Raamsdonk, Mark
- General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 42, Issue 10
Sharp bounds on <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:math> of general spherically symmetric static objects
journal, October 2008
- Andréasson, Håkan
- Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 245, Issue 8
Building up Space–Time with Quantum Entanglement
journal, December 2010
- Van Raamsdonk, Mark
- International Journal of Modern Physics D, Vol. 19, Issue 14
Head-on collisions and orbital mergers of Proca stars
journal, January 2019
- Sanchis-Gual, Nicolas; Herdeiro, Carlos; Font, José A.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 2
The role of pressure anisotropy on the maximum mass of cold compact stars
journal, June 2007
- Karmakar, S.; Mukherjee, S.; Sharma, R.
- Pramana, Vol. 68, Issue 6
Tidal coupling of a Schwarzschild black hole and circularly orbiting moon
journal, December 2005
- Fang, Hua; Lovelace, Geoffrey
- Physical Review D, Vol. 72, Issue 12
Probing Planckian Corrections at the Horizon Scale with LISA Binaries
journal, February 2018
- Maselli, Andrea; Pani, Paolo; Cardoso, Vitor
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 8
Strong-field tidal distortions of rotating black holes. II. Horizon dynamics from eccentric and inclined orbits
journal, August 2016
- O’Sullivan, Stephen; Hughes, Scott A.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 4
Tests for the existence of black holes through gravitational wave echoes
journal, September 2017
- Cardoso, Vitor; Pani, Paolo
- Nature Astronomy, Vol. 1, Issue 9
The Maximum Mass of a Neutron Star
journal, October 1996
- Kalogera, Vassiliki; Baym, Gordon
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 470, Issue 1
Gravitational-Wave Constraints on the Neutron-Star-Matter Equation of State
journal, April 2018
- Annala, Eemeli; Gorda, Tyler; Kurkela, Aleksi
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 17
A submillisecond pulsar and the equation of state of dense matter
journal, August 1989
- Haensel, P.; Zdunik, J. L.
- Nature, Vol. 340, Issue 6235
Distinguishing boson stars from black holes and neutron stars from tidal interactions in inspiraling binary systems
journal, July 2017
- Sennett, Noah; Hinderer, Tanja; Steinhoff, Jan
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 2
Gravitational-wave signatures of exotic compact objects and of quantum corrections at the horizon scale
journal, October 2016
- Cardoso, Vitor; Hopper, Seth; Macedo, Caio F. B.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 8
Models for unitary black hole disintegration
journal, February 2012
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 85, Issue 4
Event Horizon Telescope observations as probes for quantum structure of astrophysical black holes
journal, April 2018
- Giddings, Steven B.; Psaltis, Dimitrios
- Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 8
Relativistic theory of tidal Love numbers
journal, October 2009
- Binnington, Taylor; Poisson, Eric
- Physical Review D, Vol. 80, Issue 8
Gravitational wave tests of quantum modifications to black hole structure—with post-GW150914 update
journal, November 2016
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 33, Issue 23
Echoes from the abyss: Tentative evidence for Planck-scale structure at black hole horizons
journal, October 2017
- Abedi, Jahed; Dykaar, Hannah; Afshordi, Niayesh
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 8
Black holes and massive remnants
journal, August 1992
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 46, Issue 4
Slowly decaying waves on spherically symmetric spacetimes and ultracompact neutron stars
journal, June 2016
- Keir, Joe
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 33, Issue 13
Gravitational waves from dark boson star binary mergers
journal, November 2018
- Bezares, Miguel; Palenzuela, Carlos
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 35, Issue 23
Ergoregion instability of ultracompact astrophysical objects
journal, June 2008
- Cardoso, Vitor; Pani, Paolo; Cadoni, Mariano
- Physical Review D, Vol. 77, Issue 12
No-Hair Theorem for Black Holes in Astrophysical Environments
journal, April 2015
- Gürlebeck, Norman
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 15
Black holes, quantum information, and unitary evolution
journal, June 2012
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 85, Issue 12
Astronomical tests for quantum black hole structure
journal, March 2017
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Nature Astronomy, Vol. 1, Issue 3
Maximum mass of a barotropic spherical star
journal, October 2015
- Fujisawa, Atsuhito; Saida, Hiromi; Yoo, Chul-Moon
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 32, Issue 21
Can we observe fuzzballs or firewalls?
journal, July 2018
- Guo, Bin; Hampton, Shaun; Mathur, Samir D.
- Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 7
Nonparametric inference of the neutron star equation of state from gravitational wave observations
journal, April 2019
- Landry, Philippe; Essick, Reed
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 8
Effects of the microphysical equation of state in the mergers of magnetized neutron stars with neutrino cooling
journal, August 2015
- Palenzuela, Carlos; Liebling, Steven L.; Neilsen, David
- Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 4
Tidal deformations of a spinning compact object
journal, July 2015
- Pani, Paolo; Gualtieri, Leonardo; Maselli, Andrea
- Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 2
Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization
journal, March 2016
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 754
Tidal deformation of a slowly rotating material body: External metric
journal, May 2015
- Landry, Philippe; Poisson, Eric
- Physical Review D, Vol. 91, Issue 10
Erratum: Strong-field tidal distortions of rotating black holes: Formalism and results for circular, equatorial orbits [Phys. Rev. D 90 , 124039 (2014)]
journal, May 2015
- O’Sullivan, Stephen; Hughes, Scott A.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 91, Issue 10
Nonviolent unitarization: basic postulates to soft quantum structure of black holes
journal, December 2017
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2017, Issue 12
Dynamical boson stars
journal, November 2017
- Liebling, Steven L.; Palenzuela, Carlos
- Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 20, Issue 1
Anisotropic stars as ultracompact objects in general relativity
journal, May 2019
- Raposo, Guilherme; Pani, Paolo; Bezares, Miguel
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 10
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
journal, October 2017
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 16
Strong-field tidal distortions of rotating black holes: Formalism and results for circular, equatorial orbits
journal, December 2014
- O’Sullivan, Stephen; Hughes, Scott A.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 12
Erratum: Is the Gravitational-Wave Ringdown a Probe of the Event Horizon? [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 , 171101 (2016)]
journal, August 2016
- Cardoso, Vitor; Franzin, Edgardo; Pani, Paolo
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 8
Possible observational windows for quantum effects from black holes
journal, December 2014
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 12
Black hole ringing, quasinormal modes, and light rings
journal, April 2017
- Khanna, Gaurav; Price, Richard H.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 8
Publisher’s Note: Testing strong-field gravity with tidal Love numbers [Phys. Rev. D 95 , 084014 (2017)]
journal, April 2017
- Cardoso, Vitor; Franzin, Edgardo; Maselli, Andrea
- Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 8
Locality in quantum gravity and string theory
journal, November 2006
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 74, Issue 10
Black hole information, unitarity, and nonlocality
journal, November 2006
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 74, Issue 10
Is the Gravitational-Wave Ringdown a Probe of the Event Horizon?
journal, April 2016
- Cardoso, Vitor; Franzin, Edgardo; Pani, Paolo
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 17
Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
journal, June 2019
- Barack, Leor; Cardoso, Vitor; Nissanke, Samaya
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 36, Issue 14
Planck stars
journal, October 2014
- Rovelli, Carlo; Vidotto, Francesca
- International Journal of Modern Physics D, Vol. 23, Issue 12
Black hole based tests of general relativity
journal, February 2016
- Yagi, Kent; Stein, Leo C.
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 33, Issue 5
Black holes: complementarity or firewalls?
journal, February 2013
- Almheiri, Ahmed; Marolf, Donald; Polchinski, Joseph
- Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 2
Cool horizons for entangled black holes
journal, August 2013
- Maldacena, J.; Susskind, L.
- Fortschritte der Physik, Vol. 61, Issue 9
Dynamical Boson Stars
journal, May 2012
- Liebling, Steven L.; Palenzuela, Carlos
- Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Tidal Love Numbers of Neutron Stars
journal, April 2008
- Hinderer, Tanja
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 677, Issue 2
Non-Radial Pulsation of General-Relativistic Stellar Models. I. Analytic Analysis for L ≥ 2
journal, September 1967
- Thorne, Kip S.; Campolattaro, Alfonso
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 149
Relativistic tidal properties of neutron stars
journal, October 2009
- Damour, Thibault; Nagar, Alessandro
- Physical Review D, Vol. 80, Issue 8
Light-Ring Stability for Ultracompact Objects
journal, December 2017
- Cunha, Pedro V. P.; Berti, Emanuele; Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 25
Firewalls in general relativity
journal, February 2019
- Kaplan, David E.; Rajendran, Surjeet
- Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 4
Testing strong-field gravity with tidal Love numbers
journal, April 2017
- Cardoso, Vitor; Franzin, Edgardo; Maselli, Andrea
- Physical Review D, Vol. 95, Issue 8
Upper Limits Set by Causality on the Rotation and Mass of Uniformly Rotating Relativistic Stars
journal, October 1997
- Koranda, Scott; Stergioulas, Nikolaos; Friedman, John L.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 488, Issue 2
The effective field theorist’s approach to gravitational dynamics
journal, May 2016
- Porto, Rafael A.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 633
Gravitational wave spectroscopy of binary neutron star merger remnants with mode stacking
journal, January 2018
- Yang, Huan; Paschalidis, Vasileios; Yagi, Kent
- Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 2
The Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Star Masses
journal, November 2012
- Lattimer, James M.
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 62, Issue 1
Maximum Mass of a Neutron Star
journal, February 1974
- Rhoades, Clifford E.; Ruffini, Remo
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 6
The tune of love and the nature(ness) of spacetime : The tune of love and the
journal, September 2016
- Porto, Rafael A.
- Fortschritte der Physik, Vol. 64, Issue 10
Innermost stable circular orbit of inspiraling neutron-star binaries: Tidal effects, post-Newtonian effects, and the neutron-star equation of state
journal, September 1996
- Lai, Dong; Wiseman, Alan G.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 54, Issue 6
Constraints on a phenomenologically parametrized neutron-star equation of state
journal, June 2009
- Read, Jocelyn S.; Lackey, Benjamin D.; Owen, Benjamin J.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 79, Issue 12
Nonlocality versus complementarity: a conservative approach to the information problem
journal, December 2010
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Parametrized post-Einsteinian framework for gravitational wave bursts
journal, November 2014
- Loutrel, Nicholas; Yunes, Nicolás; Pretorius, Frans
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 10
General Relativistic Fluid Spheres
journal, November 1959
- Buchdahl, H. A.
- Physical Review, Vol. 116, Issue 4
Limiting rotational period of neutron stars
journal, November 1992
- Glendenning, Norman K.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 46, Issue 10
Tidal deformation of a slowly rotating black hole
journal, February 2015
- Poisson, Eric
- Physical Review D, Vol. 91, Issue 4
Light rings as observational evidence for event horizons: Long-lived modes, ergoregions and nonlinear instabilities of ultracompact objects
journal, August 2014
- Cardoso, Vitor; Crispino, Luís C. B.; Macedo, Caio F. B.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 4
Phenomenological aspects of black holes beyond general relativity
journal, December 2018
- Carballo-Rubio, Raúl; Di Filippo, Francesco; Liberati, Stefano
- Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 12
Gravitational wave signatures of highly compact boson star binaries
journal, November 2017
- Palenzuela, Carlos; Pani, Paolo; Bezares, Miguel
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 10
Generic instability of rotating relativistic stars
journal, October 1978
- Friedman, John L.
- Communications in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 62, Issue 3
Constraining neutron-star tidal Love numbers with gravitational-wave detectors
journal, January 2008
- Flanagan, Éanna É.; Hinderer, Tanja
- Physical Review D, Vol. 77, Issue 2
Modulated Hawking radiation and a nonviolent channel for information release
journal, November 2014
- Giddings, Steven B.
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 738
Works referencing / citing this record:
Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
journal, July 2019
- Cardoso, Vitor; Pani, Paolo
- Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 22, Issue 1
Testing the Schwarzschild metric in a strong field region with the Event Horizon Telescope
journal, September 2019
- Tian, S. X.; Zhu, Zong-Hong
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 6
Testing gravity with gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers: Contributions from amplitude corrections
journal, November 2019
- Tahura, Shammi; Yagi, Kent; Carson, Zack
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 10